103. Dual. The nominative and accusative in -ᾱ, from stems in -ᾱ, -η is only found as a masculine
Ἀτρεΐδᾱ, κορυστᾱ́ (Il. 18.163)
ὥκυπέτᾱ (Il. 8.42)
but feminine προφανέντε, πληγέντε (of two goddesses, Il. 8.378, 455).
Tha genitive and dative ending in all nοuns is -οιϊν, as ποδ-οῖιν, ἴππ-οιῖν. The contracted form -οιν and the feminine -αιν do not occur. The personal pronouns have:
- Nοminative and accusative νῶί, νώ (νῶϊν Il. 16.99, σφῶϊν Od. 23.52?); genitive and dative νῶϊν.
- Nominative and accusative σφῶϊ, σφώ; genitive and dative σφῶϊν (σφῷν Od. 4.62).
- Accusative σφωέ (encl.); dative σφωΐν (encl.).
104. Instrumental. The Homeric poems have preserved many instances of an ending -φι(ν):
ὄρεσ-φιν
στήθεσ-φι
ναῦ-φιν
ζυγόφι
βίη-φι
κοτυληδον-ό-φιν (Od.)
probably also the pronoun σ-φι(ν), Latin si-bi. These are relics of an original instrumental case.