Classified Lists of Verbs: 1st and 2nd conjugations

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209.There are about 360 simple verbs of the 1st Conjugation, most of them formed directly on a noun or adjective stem.

armō  arm (arma arms)
caecō  to blind (caecus blind)
exsulō  be an exile (exsul an exile, § 259)

Their conjugation is usually regular, like amō; though of many only a few forms are found in use.

a. The following verbs form their perfect and supine stems irregularly. Those marked * also have regular forms.

crepō, crepuī (-crepāvī), -crepit-  resound plicō, * -plicuī, * -plicit-  fold
cubō, * cubuī, -cubit-  lie down pōtō, pōtāvī, * pōt-  drink
, dăre, dedī, dăt-  give (DA) secō, secuī, sect-  cut
domō, domuī, domit-  subdue sonō, sonuī, sonit-1 sound
fricō, fricuī, * frict-  rub stō, stetī, -stat- (-stit-)  stand
iuvō (ad-iuvō), iūvī, iūt-1  help tonō, tonuī, * -tonit-  thunder
micō, micuī  glitter vetō, vetuī, vetit-  forbid
necō, * necuī, necāt- (-nect-)  kill2

Note— Compounds of these verbs have the following forms.

crepō: con-crepuī, dis-crepuī or -crepāvī; in-crepuī or -crepāvī

: circum-, inter-, pessum, satis, super, vēnum-dō, dedī, dat, of the 1st conjugation. Other compounds belong to the root DHA (put) and are of the 3rd conjugation: condō, condĕre, condidī, conditum

micō: dī-micāvī, micāt-; ē-micuī, -micāt-

plicō: re-, sub- (sup-), multi-plicō, -plicāvī, -plicāt-; ex-plicō (unfold), -uī, -it- (explain), -āvī, -āt-; im-plicō, -āvī (-uī), -ātum (-itum)

stō: cōn-stō, -stitī, (-stātūrus); ad-, re-stō, -stitī, —; ante- (anti-), inter-, superstō, -stetī, —; circum-stō, -stetī (-stiti), —; prae-stō, -stitī, -stit- (-stāt-); dī-stō, ex-stō, no perfect, no supine (fut. part. ex-stātūrus)

210. There are nearly 120 simple verbs of the 2nd Conjugation, most of them denominative verbs of condition, having a corresponding noun and adjective from the same root, and an inceptive in -scō (§ 263.1).

caleō  be warm; calor  warmth; calidus  warm; calēscō  grow warm
timeō  fear; timor  fear; timidus  timid; per-timēsco  to take fright

a. Most verbs of the 2nd conjugation are inflected like moneō, but many lack the supine (as, arceō ward off; careō lack; egeō need; timeō fear), and a number have neither perfect nor supine (as, maereō be sad).

b. The following keep ē in all the systems.

dēleō  destroy dēlēre dēlēvī dēlētum
fleō  weep flēre flēvī flētum
neō  sew nēre nēvī [nētum]
vieō  plait viēre [viēvī] viētum
com-pleō  fill up3 -plēre -plēvī -plētum

c. The following show special irregularities.

algeō alsī  be cold mulceō, mulsī, muls-  soothe
ārdeō, ārsī, ārsūrus  burn mulgeō, mulsī, muls-  milk
audeō, ausus sum  dare ()nīveō, -nīvī (-nīxī),   wink
augeō, auxī, auct-  increase (ab)oleō, -olēvī, -olit-  destroy
caveō, cāvī, caut-  care pendeō, pependī, -pēns-  hang
cēnseō, cēnsuī, cēns-  value prandeō, prandī, prāns-  dine
cieō, cīvī, cit-  excite rīdeō, rīsī, -rīs-  laugh
doceō, docuī, doct-  teach sedeō, sēdī, sess-  sit
faveō, fāvī, faut-  favor soleō, solitus sum  be wont
ferveō, fervī (ferbuī), —  glow sorbeō, sorbuī (sorpsī),   suck
foveō, fōvī, fōt-  cherish spondeō, spopondī, spōns-  pledge
fulgeō, fulsī  shine strīdeō, strīdī  whiz
gaudeō, gāvīsus sum  rejoice suādeō, suāsī, suās-  urge
haereō, haesī, haes-  cling teneō (-tineō), tenu, -tent-  hold
indulgeō, indulsī, indult-  indulge tergeō, tersī, ters-  wipe
iubeō, iussī, iuss-  order tondeō, -totondī (-tondī), tōns-  shear
liqueō, licuī (līquī), —  melt torqueō, torsī, tort-  twist
lūceō, lūxī  shine torreō, torruī, tost-  roast
lūgeō, lūxī  mourn turgeō, tursī  swell
maneō, mānsī, māns-  wait urgeō, ursī  urge
misceō, -cuī, mixt- (mist-)  mix videō, vīdī, vīs-  see
morde, momordī, mors-  bite voveō, vōvī, vōt-  vow
moveō, mōvī, mōt-  move

 

Footnotes

1. Future participle also in -ātūrus (either in the simple verb or in composition).

2. Necō has regularly necāvī, necātum, except in composition.

3. And other compounds of -pleō

Suggested Citation

Meagan Ayer, Allen and Greenough’s New Latin Grammar for Schools and Colleges. Carlisle, Pennsylvania: Dickinson College Commentaries, 2014. ISBN: 978-1-947822-04-7. https://dcc.dickinson.edu/grammar/latin/classified-lists-verbs-1st-and-2nd-conjugations