A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | XYZ
A
A quantity of final, 604.d
ă Accusative of Greek nouns in, 81.2
as Nominative ending, 3rd decl., gender, 84 - 87
ā in 1st decl., 37
stem vowel of 1st conj., 171; 174; 179.a; 259
in subjunctive, 179
prepositions, in -ā, adverbial use of, 433.4
ā- primary suffix, 234.I.1
ā (ab, abs) use, 220.b; 221.1; 429.b
compounded with verbs, 267.a
w. Ablative of agent, 405
w. place from which, 426.1
w. names of towns, 428.a
expressing position, 429.b
as adverb expressing distance, w. Ablative of degree of difference, 433.3
in compounds w. Dative, 381
in compounds, w. Ablative, 402
w. Ablative of gerund, 507
ab and au in auferō, 200.a, Note
Abbreviations of prænomens, 108.c
Ability verbs of, constr., 456
in apodasis, 517.c
ABLATIVE, defined, 35.e
in -ābus, 43.e
in -d, 43, Note 1; 49.e; 80, footnote; 92.f
of i-stems, 3rd decl., 74.e
rules of form 76
nouns having Ablative in -ī, 76.a-b
of 4th decl., in -ubus, 92.c
Ablative used as supine, 94.b
of adjectives, 3rd decl., 121.a.1-4
prepositions followed by, 220.b
adverbial forms of, 214.e, (cf., 215.4)
classification and meaning, 398 - 399
separation, 400
w. verbs of freedom, 401
w. compounds, 402
w. adjectives of freedom etc., 402.a
source and material, 403
w. participles, 403.a
w. cōnstāre etc., 403.b
w. facere, 403.c
w. nouns, 403.d
cause, 404
causā, grātiā, 404.c
agent, 405
means for agent, 405.b, Note 1
comparison, 406
opīniōne, spē, etc., 406.a
w. alius, 407.d
w. adverbs, 407.e
means, 409
w. dōnō etc., 364
w. ūtor, fruor etc., 410
w. opus and ūsus, 411
manner, 412
accompaniment, 413
degree of difference, 414
quō . . . eō, 414.a
quality, 415
price, 416
charge or penalty, 353.1
specification, 418
w. dīgnus etc., 418.b
Ablative Absolute, 419
adverbial use, 419.c
replacing subordinate clauses, 420
supplying place of Perfect active participle, 493.2
w. verbs and frētus, 431 and a
Ablative of time, 423
of time w. quam, 434. Note
of place from which, 426.1
names of towns, domus, rūs, 427.1
ex urbe Rōmā, 428.b
Locative Ablative, 426.3
way by which, 429.a
w. transitive compounds, 395, Note 1
time within which, 424.c
duration of time, 424.b
Ablative w. prepositions, 220.b; 221; 430; 435
w. ex for partitive Genitive, 346.c
w. prō (in defence of), 379, Note
w. palam etc., 432.c
Ablative of gerund, 507
equivalent to Present participle, 507, footnote 5
Ablaut, 17
in 2nd decl. 45.c
Abounding, words of, w. Ablative, 409.a
w. Genitive, 356
Absence, verbs of w. Ablative, 401
Absolute case see Ablative Absolute
Absolute use of verb, 273.2, Note 2; 387, Note
absque mē etc., in Plautus and Terrence, 517.f
Abstract nouns gender, 32
in plural, 100.c
endings, 238
w. neuter adjective, 287.4.a; 289
abstract quality denoted by neuter adjective, 289.a
absum constr., 373.b
-ābus in Dative and Ablative plural, 1st decl., 43.e
ac see atque
ac sī w. subjunctive, 524
accēdit ut, 569.2
Accent rules of, 12
effect in modifying vowels, 61
in 2nd decl., 49.b
in compounds of faciō, 204.b
acceptum, 496, Note 4
accidit synopsis, 207
constr., 569.2
accingō constr., 364
accommodātus w. Dative of gerund etc., 505.a
Accompaniment Ablative of, 413
Accomplishment verbs of, w. subjunctive, 568
ACCUSATIVE, defined, 35.d
in -m and -s, 38.c
in -im 3rd decl., 75.a-b
in -īs (plur.), 77
in -a, 81.2
Accusative of 4th decl., used as supine, 94.b
neuter Accussative used as adverb, 214.d (cf. 215.1)
feminine used as adverb, 215.2
ACCUSATIVE, Syntax, 386 - 397 (see 338)
w. verbs of remembering, 350.a, c-d
and Genitive w. verbs of reminding, 351
w. impersonals, 354.b; 388.c; 455.2
w. ad with interest and rēfert, 355.b
w. Dative, 362
w. compounds of ad, ante, ob, 370.b
verbs varying between Accusative of end of motion and Dative, 363
w. ad for Dative, 385.a
after propior etc., 432.a
w. iuvō etc., 367.a
Accusative or Dative w. verbs, 367.b-c
Accusative w. verbs of feeling and taste, 388.a; 390.a
w. compounds of circum and trāns, 388.b
cognate Accusative, 390
adverbial use of, 390.c-d and Note 2; 397.a
two Accusatives, 391
predicate Accusative, 392 - 393
secondary object, 394 - 395
Accusative w. passive of verbs of asking etc., 396.b, Note
synecdochical Accusative (of specification), 397.b
in exclamations, 397.d
end of motion, 426.2
names of towns, domus, rūs, 427.2
Rōmam ad urbem, 428.b
Accusative w. ante diem, 424.g
w. prepositions, 220.a, c
w. ad or in to denote penalty, 353.2, Note
w. prīdiē, propius, etc., 342.a
Accusative of gerund, 506
of anticipation, 576
subject of infinitve, 397.e; 452; 455.2; 459
as predicate after infinitive, 455.a
subject in indirect discourse, 579; 581
Accusing and acquitting verbs of, constr., 352
ācer decl., 115
comparative, 125
-āceus adjective ending, 247
aciēs decl., 98.a
acquiēscō w. Ablative, 431
Actions, names of, 237
nouns of action w. Genitive, 348
change to passive, 275
Acts, nouns denoting, 239
-acus (-ācus) adjective ending, 249
acus gender, 90, Exceptions
w. Accusative to denote penalty, 353.2, Note
in compounds, w. Dative, 370; 381
in compounds, w. Accusative, 370.b
w. Accusative with adjectives, 385.a
end of motion, 426.2 (cf. 363)
w. names of towns, 428.a
w. names of countries, 428.c
meaning near, 428.d
in expressions of time, 424.e
following its noun, 435
w. gerund, 506
additur constr., 568
adeō (verb) constr., 370.b
adeō ut, 537.2, Note 2
-adēs patronymic ending, 244
adiuvō w. Accusative, 367.a
Adjective pronouns see Pronouns
ADJECTIVES Definition, 20.b
formed like nouns, 109
3rd decl. three terminations, 115
one termination, 117 - 118
variable, indeclinable, defective, 122
decl. of comparative, 120
derivative adjectives, 242 - 255
ADJECTIVES, Syntax Masculine adjectives, 122.d
adjectives of common gender, 122.d
as adverbs, 214.d-e (cf. 218); 290
adjective as apposite, 282.b
as nouns, 288 - 289
nouns used as adjectives, 321.c
adverbs used as adjectives, 321.d
participles used as adjectives, 494
agreement of adjectives, 286 - 287
attribute and predicate, 287
use of neut. adjectives, 289
adjectives w. adverbial force, 290
two comparatives w. quam, 292
adjective pronouns, 296 - 298
Genitive of adjectives of 3rd decl. instead of Nominative, 343.c. Note 1
adjectives w. partitive Genitive, 346.2
w. Dative, 383
w. Accusative, 388.d, Note 2
w. infinitive, 461
w. supine in -ū, 510
position of adjectives, 598.a-b
adjective phrase, 277
admodum use, 291.c. Note 1
admoneō constr., 351
Admonishing, verbs of constr., 563
adspergō constr., 364
adūlor constr., 367.b
Adverbial Accusative, 390.b-d and Note 2; 397.a
Adverbial conjunctions, 20.g, Note
ADVERBS defined, 20.e
formed from adjectives, 214 and c-e; 218
case forms or phrases, 215
comparison of adverbs, 218
numeral adverbs, 138
classification of adverbs, 217
correlative forms of adverbs of place, 217, Note
ADVERBS, Syntax, 321
adverbs used as adjectives, 321.d
adjectives w. adverbial force, 290
adverbial Ablative Absolute, 419.c
adverbs w. nouns, 321.c. Note
correlative adverbs used as conjunctions, 323.f-g
partitive Genitive w. adverbs, 346.a.4
Dative w. adverbs, 384
comparative of adverb followed by quam, 406
adverb as protasis, 521.a
Adversative conjunctions, 223.a.2; 224.I.b
adversus, 219
w. Accusative, 220.a
as adverb, 433.2
ae diphthong, 2
sound of, 6, Notes 3; 8
aedēs singular and plural, 107.a
aeger decl., 112.a
aemulor constr., 367.b
Aeneadēs decl., 44
Aenēās decl., 44
aequālis decl., 76.a.2
constr. w. Genitive, 385.c and 1
aequē ac, 384, Note 2
aequō (Ablative), w. comparative, 406.a
aequor decl., 64
āēr use of plural, 100.b
aes use of plural, 100.b
aetās decl., 72
aethēr decl., 81
Affecting, Accusative of, 386
affīnis decl., 76.b.2
constr. w. Genitive, 385.c and 1
Affirmative expressed by two negatives, 326
nōnne expecting affirmative answer, 332.b
ways of saying yes, 336 and a
Agency nouns of, 236
relative clause equivalent to, 308.c
Agent Dative of, w. gerundives, 374
w. Perfect participles, 375
Ablative of, 405
agent regarded as means, 405.b
animal as agent, 405, Note 2
ager decl., 47
aggredior constr., 370.b
Āgnōmen, 108.a. Note
agō forms of, omitted, 319.a
Agreeing verbs of, w. gerundive, 500.4
Agreement, 280
of nouns, 281
in appositive, 282
in predicate, 283
of adjectives, 286
of demonstrative pronouns, 296
of possessive pronouns, 302
-āī for -ae 1st decl., 43.a
-âia nouns in, decl., 43.e. Note 2; 603.a.2, Note
âiō pronounced ai-iō, 6.c
-âius names in, decl., 49.f
-âius in Prosody, 603.f, Note 2
-al ending, 254.7
nouns in, 68, footnote 1
-al and -ar neuters in (3rd decl.), 65.b; 76.a.3
alacer decl., 115.a
comparative, 131.b
albus not compared, 131.d
Alcaic verse, 9-10
-āle noun ending, 254.7
list of nouns in, 68, footnote 2
aliēnus for possessive Genitive of alius, 113.d; 343.a
aliquis (-quī) decl., 151.e
aliquot indeclinable, 122.b
-ālis, -āris adjective endings, 248
alius, decl., 113
compounds, 113.e
alius w. Ablative, ac, nisi, quam, 407.d
alius . . . alius, 315.a
Alphabet, 1
consonants, 3-4
early forms of letters, 1.a and Note; 6.a-b
alter decl., 113.b
Genitive and compounds, 113.c, e
use, 315
alter . . . alter, 315.a
altera est rēs ut, 568, footnote 2
alteruter decl., 113.e
use, 315
Although how expressed, 527; 535.e
alvos (alvus) gender, 48, Exceptions
am- see amb-
-am adverb ending, 215.2
amb- (am-, an-) inseparable prefix, 267.b
ambāgēs decl., 78.1
ambō decl., 134, footnote
āmēns decl., 121.a.3
amplius without quam, 407.c
amussim Accusative, 75 a.3; 103.b.4
an- see amb-
an, anne, annōn in double questions, 335
Anaphora, 598.f
anceps decl., 121.a.3
Anchīsēs decl., 44
Andromachē decl., 44
-āneus adjective ending, 247
animal decl., 69
Animals gender of names of, 32; 34 and Note
regarded as means or agent, 405.b, Note 2
animī (Locative) w. adjectives, 358
w. verbs, 358
annālis decl., 76.a.2
Annalistic present, 469.a
Answers forms of, 336 - 337
ant-, ent-, stem endings, 83.e
ante, 220.a
uses, 221.3
compounded w. verbs, 267.a
in compounds, w. Dative, 370
w. Accusative, 370.b
adverbial use of, 433.1
followed by quam, 434
ante diem, 424.g
Antecedent its use w. relative, 305 - 307
undefined, constr., 535
see Indefinite antecedent
antecēdō constr., 370.b
anteeō constr., 370.b
antegredior constr., 370.b
Antepenult defined, 12, footnote
in indirect discourse, 585.b, Note
Anticipation Accusative of, 576
becomes Nominative, 576, Note
Antithesis, 598.f
anus gender, 90, Exceptions
-ānus adjectives in, 249
Aorist (= Historical Perfect), 161.2; 473
apage, 206.g
apertus compar. of, 124.a
Apex, 10, Note
apis decl., 78.2
Apodosis defined, 512
introduced by correlative, 512.b
may be subordinate, 512.c
potential subjunctive, 447.3, Note
subjunctive of modesty, 447.1
verbs of necessity etc., 522.a
complex apodasis, 523
apodasis omitted, 524
apodasis in indirect discourse, 589.2
see Conditional Sentences
Appointing verbs of, constr., 393
Apposition see Appositive
Appositive defined, 282
w. Locative, 282.d
Genitive as appositive to possessive, 302.e
Genitive used for appositve, 343.d
so Dative, 373.a
relative clause equivalent to appositive, 308.c
Accusative as appositive to a clause, 397.f
appositive instead of Vocative, 340.a
appositive in connection with infinitive, 452 and Note 2
aptus ad, 385.a
aptus w. Dative of gerund etc., 505.a, footnote 4
aptus quī, 535.f
apud, 220.a
use, 221.4
in quoting, 428.d, Note 2
aquālis decl., 76.a.2
-ar Nominative ending, 3rd decl., 68.a; 65.b; 76.a.2; 68, footnote 1
gender, 87
arbor (-ōs) decl., 62, Note 2
arceō constr., 364, Note 2
arctus gender, 48, Exceptions
ārdeō w. Ablative, 404.a
-āria suffix, 254.2
-āris adjective ending, 248
-ārium noun ending, 254.3
-ārius adjective ending, 250.a
noun ending, 254.1
Arrangement of words, 595 - 601
Arts names of, 1st decl., 44
artus decl., 92.c
as value of, 632
Genitive of, 417.a
-ăs in Accusative plural of Greek nouns, 81.5
-ās old Genitive ending, 43 b
Greek Nominative ending, 83.e
patronymic, 244
gender of nouns in, 86.b
-ās,-ātis, see āt-
adjectives in -ās 249
Asking verbs of, w. two Accusatives, 396
w. Ablative, 396.a
w. subjunctive clause, 563
Aspirates, 4, and footnote 2
Assertions direct, in indicative, 157.a
Assimilation of consonants, 15.6, 15.10
in prefixes, 16
-āssō, -āssere in Future Perfect, 183.5
ast, 324.d
-aster as noun ending, 254.11
At meaning near, 428.d
at use, 324.d
at enim, 324.d
at vērō, 324.k
āt- partial stem ending, 71.5
āter decl., 112.a
not compared, 131.d and Note
Athematic verbs, 174.2
Athōs decl., 52
atque (ac) use, 324.b-c
after adjectives of likeness, 384, Note 2
after alius, 407.d
atquī use, 324 d
atrōx decl., 117.a
Attraction of case of relative, 306.a
of case of antecedent, 306 Note
of subject in indirect discourse, 581, Note 2
Attraction subjunctive of, 591.2; 593
Attributive adjective defined, 285.1
number, 286.a
takes gender of nearest noun, 287.1
-ātus adj. ending, 246
audācter comparative, 218
aula decl., 44
aureus not compared, 131.d
ausus as Present participle, 491
aut use, 324.e; 335.d, Note
Author w. apud, 428.d, Note 2
Authority in Prosody, 602
avis decl., 76.b.1
-āx verbal adjective ending, 251
adjectives in, w. Genitive, 349.c
baccar decl., 76.a.3
Bâiae decl., 43.e, Note 2
-bam tense ending, 168.b
Bargaining verbs of, constr., 563
gerundive 500.4,
clause, 563.d
Base, 27
basis decl., 82
Beginning verbs of, constr., 456
Believing verbs of, w. Dative, 367
bellī Locative use of, 427.a
bellum decl., 46
bellus compar., 131.a
Belonging adjectives of, w. Genitive, 385.c
bene comparison, 218
in phrase compounds, 12.a, Exception 1; 266.b
compounds of, constr., 368.2
Benefiting verbs of, constr., 367
-ber names of months in, decl., 115.a
bicolor decl., 122.a
bicorpor, 119, Note
-bilis verbal adjective ending, 252
Birds gender of names of, 32
Birth or origin nouns of, derivation, 244
participles of, w. Ablative, 403.a
-bō tense ending, 168.c
Bôī decl., 49.f
bonus decl., 110
comparative, 129
w. Dative of gerund etc., 505.a, footnote 4
bōs decl., 79 and b
bri- stems ending in, 66
adjectives in, 115.a
-brum suffix, 240
-bulum suffix, 240
-bundus verbals in, 253.b
w. Accusative, 388.d, Note 2
būris decl., 75.a.1
Buying, verbs of, constr. with, 417.c
C for g in early use and as abbreviation, 1.a and Note
for qu, 6.a-b
quantity of final syllables ending in, 604.j
caedēs decl., 78.2
caelēs decl., 121.a.4
caelum w. masculine plural, 106.b
Caere decl., 76.b, Note 2
caesius comparative, 131.a
Calendar Roman, 631
Calends, 631.a
calx decl., 103.g.2
campester decl., 115.a
Can how expressed in Latin, 157.b
canālis decl., 76.b.2
canis decl. and stem, 62, Note 3; 76.b, Note 3; 78.1
CAP root, 56.a
Capacity measures of, 638
capitis Genitive, w. verbs of accusing, 352.a
caput decl., 59
Capys decl., 82
carbasus gender, 48, Exceptions
plural, 106.b
Cardinal numbers, 132
inflection of, 134.a-c
use of et with, 135.a-b
replaced by distributives, 137.b, d
w. ex or partitive Genitive, 346.c
cārē comparative, 218
carō decl., 79
cārus comparative, 124
Case constructions, 338
Case endings, 27.a
final vowels in, 38.g
table, 39
Case forms words defective in, 103
Cases defined, 35
position of modifying case, 598.2
agreement in, 281
origin and meaning of, 338
case of relative pronoun, 305; 306.a
same case after as before certain conjunctions, 323.a
construction of Cases, 338 - 435
Vocative, 340
cases w. prepositions, 220, 426, footnote
cassem decl., 103.f.3
castrum, castra, 107
causā w. Genitive, 359.b, 404.c
w. Genitive of gerund 504.b
Causal clauses, 539 - 540
w. indicative or subjunctive, quod, quia, 540
w. indicative, quoniam, quandō, 540.a
w. quī, 535.e
w. cum, 540.d
nōn quia, nōn quod, etc., in the denial of a reason, 540, Note 3
causal clause replaced by participle, 496
replaced by Ablative Absolute, 420.2
Causal conjunctions, 223.a.3, b.7; 224.II.f
particles, 539 - 540
Cause Ablative of, 404
Cause adverbs of, 217.c
Caution and effort verbs of, constr., 563.e
cavē in prohibitions, 450.(2) and Note 2
nē omitted after, 565, Note 1
caveō constr., 563
-ce enclitic, 146, Note 1 and 146.a, Note 1
Ceasing verbs of, w. complementary infinitive, 456
cēdō constr., 366, Note 2
celeber decl., 115.a
celer forms, 115.a, Note 2
cēlō w. Accusative, 396.c
Celtibēr decl., 50.c
cēnseō constr., 563 and d
certē, certō use, 322.c
in answers, 336.a
cētē Greek plural, 48.a, Note
cētera, 111.b
adverbial use, 390.d, Note 2
-us, use, 293
-ī, use, 315
ceu use, 524
-ceus adjective ending, 247
Characteristic, clauses of, 534 - 535
proviso, 535.d
cause or concession, 535.e
of result or characteristic, 559
Characteristic expressed by participle, 496
Characteristic vowel, 37
Charge and penalty Genitive of, 352
Chiasmus, 598.f and Note
Choosing verbs of, w. two Accusatives, 393
ci and ti interchange of, 6, Note 1
-cinium noun ending, 241.c
-ciō diminutive ending, 243.a
cip- stems in, 3rd decl., 56.a
circā, circum, circiter use, 220.a; 221.5-7
as adverbs, 433.2
circā w. gerund, 506, Note 1
circum compounds w. verbs, 267.a
Dative w. such compounds, 370
Accusative, 388.b
circumdō constr., 364
Circumstances of action, 419 - 420.5
participle implying, 496
cis, citerior, 130.a
Cities gender of names of, 32 and a
See Locative
citrā after its noun, 435
clādēs decl., 78.2
clam construction, 432.d
Classes names of, gender of, 30.a, Note 3
used in plural 101.3.
Clauses defined, kinds of, 278 - 279
replaced by Ablative Absolute, 420
used as nouns, 343.c
dependent, syntax of, 519 - 593
conditional relative, 279.c; 519
consecutive, 536 - 537
causal, 539 - 540
infinitive clauses, 452; 562, Note
substantive clauses of purpose, 563
of result, 567 - 568
indicative w. quod, 572
indirect questions, 573 - 575
clāvis decl., 76.b.1
Close syllables, 7, Note 2
coepī, 205
Cognate Accusative, 214.d, Note; 390
Cōgnōmen, 108
Collective noun w. singular or plural verb, 317.d
colus gender, 90
decl., 105.a
com- (con-) compounded w. verbs, 16; 267.a
may take Dative, 370
Combinations of words. 13
comētēs decl., 44
comitium, comitia, 107
Command see Imperative
in hortatory subjunctive, 439
Commanding verbs of, w. Dative, 367
w. infinitve, 563.a
w. subjunctive, 563 (cf. 580.a)
Commands expressed by imperative, 448
for condition, 521.b
in indirect discourse, 588
in informal indirect discourse, 592.1
commiseror w. Accusative, 354.a, Note
committō ut, 568 and Note 1
Common gender, 34
adjectives of, 122.d
commonefaciō, -fīō constr., 351
commoneō, constr., 351
commūnis w. Genitive, 385.c
commūtō constr., 417.b
Comparative conjunctions, 223.b.2; 224.II.b
in conditions, 524
Comparative suffix, 124, footnote
of adverbs, 214.b, Note
Comparatives decl., 120
stem, 120.b
neuter singular of comparative adjective used as adverb, 218
meaning of, 291
two comparatives, 292
comparative and positive w. quam, 292.a, Note
Ablative w. comparative, 406
quam w. comparative, 407.a
comparative w. quam (ut), quam quī, 535.c; 571.a
Comparison, conjunctions of, 323.a
Comparison, particles of, tamquam, quasi etc., constr., 524
Comparison of adjectives, 123 ff.
irregular, 129
defective, 130 - 131
w. magis and maximē, 128
of adverbs, 218
prepositions implying, w. quam, 407.e, Note; 434
Complementary infinitive, 456
has no subject, 456, Note
predicate noun or adjective after, 458
infinitive partly subject, partly complementary, 454
by analogy, 457.a
compleō, constr., 356; 409, Note
Completed action tenses of, 160.b
how formed, 179.f-g
use of, 473 ff
Complex conditional sentences, 523
Complex sentence, 278.b
complūrēs, complūria, 120.c
compos decl., 121.a.4; 121.b.1
Composition all word formation a process of, 227
compounds to express relations of words, 338, 386
see also Compound words
Compound sentence defined, 278.2
Compound stems imaginary, 255.a
Compound verbs, 267
compounds of faciō, 204.a-b
Compound words assimilation in, 15.6; 16
defined, 264
how formed, 265 - 267
Compounds of prepositions w. Dative, 370
of ab, dē, ex, 381
quantity of, 606.c
con- see com-
Conative present, 467
Imperfect, 471.c
concēdō constr., 563 and c
Concession hortatory subjunctive of, 440 (cf. 526)
particles of, 527
quamvīs ut, 527.a
licet, 527.b
etsī etc., 527.c
cum, 549
quamquam, 527.d-e
quamvīs, w. indicative, 527.e
verbs of, w. ut, 527.f
Ablative Absolute for concessive clause, 420.3
concession implied in part., 496
quī concessive, 535.e
Concessive clauses see Concession
Concessive conjunctions 223.b.3; 224.II.c
particles, use of, 527
Conclusion see Apodosis
Concords the four, 280
Condemning verbs of, constr., 352
Conditional clauses, defined, 279.c
Conditional conjunctions 223.b.1; 224.II.a; 525
Conditional Particles 524; 525
Conditional sentences defined, 279.c
development, 511
protasis and apodosis, 512
classification, 514
Present and Past, nothing implied, 515
Future conditions, 516
Future More Vivid, 516.2.a
Future Less Vivid, 516.2.b
Perfect indicative in Future condition, 516.e
Contrary to Fact, 517
indicative in contrary to fact condition, 517.b-c and notes
in old Latin, 517.d, Note 2
General condition, 518
condition disguised, 521
as participle etc., 521.a
as exhortation or command, 521.b
protasis omitted, 522
Potential Subjuntive, 446
Subjunctive of Modesty, 447.1
verbs of necessity etc., 522.a
complex conditions, 523
clauses of Comparison (conclusion omitted), 524
Concessive clauses, 527
Proviso, 528
use of sī and its compounds, 525
conditional relative clauses, 519
temporal, 542; 551.c, Note 2
conditional sentences in indirect discourse, 589
cōnfīdō constr., 431 and Note
Conjugation defined, 22
Conjugation of verbs, 171 - 193
how distinguished, 171
regular forms of, 173
mixed forms, 173
parallel forms, 189
stem vowels of conjugations, 171 - 178
stems of the four conjugations, how modified, 179
paradigms of the four regular conjugations, 184 - 212
Conjunctions defined, 20.g
classes of, 223
list of, 224
syntax, 323.a; 324.a-k; 539; 540, Notes
correlative use, 323.g
conjunctions repeated, 323.e
omitted, 323.b
used together, 324.k
Conjunctive adverbs 20.g, Note
Conjunctive phrases 224
Connectives relatives used as, 308.f
cōnor w. infinitve, 563.e
cōnor sī 563, Note 1
Consecutive clauses defined, 279.e
uses, 536 - 538
clauses of result or characteristic, 559
Consecutive conjunctions 223.b.5; 224.II.e
cōnsequor ut 568
cōnsistere, w. Ablative, 403.b footnote 2; 431
Consonant stems of nouns 3rd decl., 56 - 64
consonant stems of adjectives, 117
case forms, 121
of verbs, 259.a.3
Consonant suffixes (primary) 234.II
Consonants classification, 3
insertion, 15.11
transposition, 177.a, Note
dissimilation, 15.6
assimilation, 15.16
pronunciation, 8 and Note; 11.b, Note
cōnsors decl., 121.a.3
cōnstāre w. Ablative, 403.b
cōnstituō constr., 563.d
Cōnstrūctiō ad sēnsum see Synesis
Constructions of cases 338 - 435 (see under Ablative etc.)
cōnsuēvī, use, 476
cōnsul decl., 62
cōnsulāris decl., 76.a.2
cōnsulō w. Dative or Accusative, 367.c
Contention words of, constr., 368.a; 413.b
contentus w. Ablative, 431.a
w. Perfect infinitive, 486.f
continērī w. Ablative, 403.b, footnote 2
contingit ut 568
Continued action tenses of, 160 - 161
Continuing verbs of, w. complementary infinitive, 456
contrā, use, 220.a; 221.8; 321.d
as adverb, 433.4
position, 435
Contracted forms, vīn’, scīn’, 13. Note
Genitive in -ī, Dative and Ablative in -īs, 49.a-b
Contracting verbs of, w. gerundive, 500.4
Contraction of vowels 15.3
quantity, 10.c
Contrary to Fact conditions, 517
in indirect discourse, 589.b
conveniō w. Accsative, 370.b
Coordinate conjunctions, 223.a; 224.I.a-d
coordinate clauses, 278.a
coordinate words without conjunction, 323.b
w. conjunction, 323.c
position of, 598.j
Copulative conjunctions, 223.a.1; 224.I.a
constr. after, 323
omission of, 323.b
corpus decl., 64
rendered by the . . . the, 414.a
adverbs of place, 217.a
conjunctions, 323.f-g
cōs decl., 103.g.2
Countries names of, gender, 32
as end of motion, and place from which, 428.c
Crāsis, 603.c
crēber decl., 112.a
crēdibilī w. comparative, 406.a
crēdō position of, 599.c
Crime or charge Genitive of, 352
-crum noun ending, 240
crux decl., 103.g.2
cucumis decl., 75.a
cuicui modī, 151.b, Note
cûius modī, 345.a
-culum, noun suffix, 240.
-culus diminuitive ending, 243
cum, quom (conjunction) form, 544
meaning, 544 ff.
sequence, 485.e, Note
w. clause for participle, 492; 493.2
temporal, 545 - 548
causal or concess., 549
in indirect discourse, 585.b. Note
cum (whenever), 545, Note 2; 548
cum (preposition) 220.b
in compound, see com-
joined as enclitic with pronouns, 143.f; 150.d
use of, 221.9
w. plural adjective, 286.a, Note
w. plural verb, 317, Note
w. Ablative of Manner, 412
w. Ablative of Accompaniment, 413
w. words of contention, 413.b
w. words of exchange, 417.b, Note
-cumque added to relatives, 151.a and Note
temporal particles w., 542
-cundus verbal adjective ending, 253 and b
cupiō constr., 563.b.
cūrō, constr., 563
cūrā (imperative), use, 449.c
D
D changed to s 15.5
-d old Ablative ending, 1st decl., 43, Note 1
2nd decl., 49.e
3rd decl., 80, footnote
4th decl., 92.f
mēd, tēd, 143.a, Note
sēd, 144.b. Note 2
-ē in adverbs originally -ēd, 214.a, Note
-d as neuter pronoun ending, 113.b
loss of -d, 398
-dam adverbial ending, 215.6
damnās indeclinable adjective, 122.b
daps defective, 103.h.2
Daring verbs of, w. complementary inf., 456
Dates how expressed, 424.f; 631
DATIVE defined, 35.c
in -āī, 1st decl., 43.a
in -ābus, 1st decl., 43.e
in -īs for -iīs, 2nd decl., 49.f
in -ubus, 4th decl., 92.c
in -ī (of ūnus etc.), 113.
Indirect object, 361
w. transitives, 362
w. verbs implying motion, 363
use of dōnō etc., 364
in passive, 365
w. intransitives, 366
w. phrases, 366.a
like Genitive, 366.b
w. intransitives, verbs meaning favor etc., 367
similar verbs w. Accusative 367.a
verbs having Dative or Accusative, 367.b-c
w. verbal nouns 367.d
w. libet and licet, 368.1
w. compounds of satis, bene, male, 368.2
poetic use, 368.a
intransitive verbs w. Accusative and Dative, 369
w. compounds of prepositions ad, ante, etc., 370
w. passive used impersonally, 372
of Possession, 373
w. nōmen est, 373.a
w. dēsum and absum, 373.b
of the Agent, 374 - 375
of Reference, 376 - 377
of the person judging, 378
used idiomatically, 379
ethical Dative, 380
of Separation, 381
of Purpose, 382
w. adjectives and adverbs, 383
w. adjectives of fitness etc., 384 - 385
Genitive or Dative w. similis, 385.c.2
with words of contention (poetic), 413.b, Note
of End of Motion, 428.h
w. infinitive, 455.1
Dative of gerund, 505.a
Datīvus commodī aut incommodī, 376
in compound w. verbs, 267.a
in compound w. verbs, w. Dative, 381
in compound w. verbs, w. Ablative, 402
w. Ablative instead of partitive Geninitve, 346.c
w. verbs of reminding, 351, Note
w. Ablative to denote the crime, 353.2
w. place from which, 426.1
position of dē, 435
dē w. Ablative of gerund, 507
dea decl., 43.e
dēbeō in apodosis, 517.c
dēbuī w. Present infinitve, 486.a
w. Perfect infinitive, 486.b
dēcernō constr., 563.d and Note 2
decet w. Accusative, 388.c
w. Dative, 388, Note 3
in apodosis, 517.c
Declarative sentence, 269.a
how expressed in indirect discourse, 580
Declension defined, 22
characteristics of, 37
general rules for, 38
terminations, 39
5th decl. compared with 1st, 98.c
of Adjectives, 1st & 2nd decl., 109 - 113
of comparatives, 120
dĕdī quantity of penult, 605, Exceptions
Decreeing verbs of, 563.d
Defective adjectives, 111.b; 122.c
Defective comparison, 130
of 4th decl., 94.c
of 5th decl., 98.a
Defective verbs, 205 - 206
dēficiō constr., 367.a
sequence of, 485.a
dēfit, 204.c
Degree, adverbs of, 217.c
Degree of difference, Ablative of, 414
distance expressed by, 425.b
Degrees of Comparison, 123
deinde, dēnique in enumerations, 322.d, Note
dēlectat, constr., 388.c
dēlectō, w. Accusative, 367.a
dēlector, w. Ablative, 431
Deliberative subjunctive, 443 - 444
in indirect questions, 575.b
in indirect discourse, 587
dēlicium, -ia, -iae, 106.b
Delivering, verbs of, w. gerundive, 500.4
Dēlos decl., 52
delphīn decl., 83.a
-dem adverbial ending, 215.6
Demanding, verbs of, w. gerundive, 500.4
Demonstrative adverbs, as correlatives, 323.g
equivalent to demonstrative pronouns w. preposition, 321.a
position, 598.b
Demonstrative pronouns, 146
decl., 146
formation, 146, Note 1
syntax, 296 - 298
of 1st person, 297.a
of 2nd person, 297.c
of 3rd person, 297.b
supply place of personal pronouns of 3rd person, 295.c
in relative clause, 308.d, Note
position, 598.b
dēnārius value of, 632
Denominative verbs, 258 - 262
Dependent clauses, subjunctive used in, 438.b
Deponent verbs defined, 156.b
how conjugated, 190
paradigms, 190
participles, 190.a
Future infintive, 190.c
used reflexively, 190.e
in passive sense, 190.f
list of irregular deponent verbs, 191
defective deponents, 191.a
semi-deponents, 192
Depriving constr. w. verbs of, 401
Derivation of words, 227 - 267
Derivative forms of nouns, 236 - 241
of verbs, 258 - 263
Derivative verbs defined, 257
Derivatives quantity of, 606
-dēs nouns in, 244
Description Imperfect used in, 471.a
Description implied in part., 496
Descriptive Ablative see Ablative of Quality
†dēses decl., 121.a.4
Desiderative verbs (in -uriō), 263.4
Desire adjectives of, w. Genitive, 349.a
dēspērō constr., 367.b
dēterior compar. of, 130.a
Determinative compounds, 265.2
Determining, verbs of constr., 563.d
deus decl., 49.g
dexter decl., 111.a
comparative, 129
dī- see dis-
dīc imperative, 182
diciōnis defective, 103.e
dīcō forms of, omitted, 319.a
dictō w. comparative, 406.a
-dicus adjectives in, comparison of, 127
Dīdō decl., 82
diem dīcere w. Dative of gerund etc., 505
diēs decl., 96
gender, 97.a
Genitive form diī, 98, Note
Difference Ablative of degree of, 414
difficilis comparison, 126
constructiuon, 510, Note 2
dīgnor w. Ablative, 418.b, Note 1
dīgnus w. Ablative, 418.b
w. relative clause, 535.f
Diminutive endings w. nouns and adjectives, 243
verbs, 263.3
din- stem ending, 61.2
Diphthongs, 2
sound of, 8
Diptotes, 103.c
Direct question, defined, 330.1
Direct quotation, 578, Note
Direct reflexive, 300.b
dis- (dī-) inseparable prefix, 267.b
Disjunctive conjunctions, 224.I.a
case of noun after, 323
Dissimilation, 15.6
dissimilis comparison, 126
Distance Accusative or Ablative, 425.b
of time, 424.f
Distributive numerals, 136
use, 137
Distributive pronouns, 313
diū comparison, 218.a
dīvum (dīvom) for deōrum, 49.g, Note
-dō, adverbial ending, 215.6
-dō, nouns in from stem din-, 61.2
gender, 86
dō conjunction, 202
w. infinitive, 460.a
doceō construction, 396 and c, Note 2
domī Locative, 427.3
domum, 427.2
domō, 427.1
domus gender, 90, Exceptions
decl., 93
double stem of, 93
Locative form, 93, Note 1
dōnec w. indicative or subjunctive, 553, Notes 1-2; 554 - 555
dōnō double construction of, 364
dōs decl., 71.6
Double questions, 334
answers to, 337
Doubting verbs of, construction, 558
Dual forms, 134, footnote 1
Dubitative subjunctive see Deliberative
dubitō an, 331, Note
nōn dubitō quīn, 558.a
nōn dubitō w. inf., 558, Note 2
without negative, 558, Note 1
dūc imperative, 182
dum derivation, 215. 6
w. past, 215.a
w. clause for Present and Perfect participle, 492; 493.2
introducing a proviso, 528
as adverb, 552
until, w. Present or Imperfect subjunctive denoting intention or expectancy, 553
w. Present or Future Perfect indicative to state future fact, 553, Note 2
w. Perfect indicative, 554, Note
as long as, w. indicative, 555 (cf. 556.a)
while, w. Present indicative, 556
w. past indicative, 556.a
dummodo, 528
duo decl., 134.b
duplī w. verbs of condemning, 352.a
Duration Accusative of, 423
Ablative of, 424.b
-dus participle in, see Gerundive
Duty, verbs of in apodosis, 517.c
dux decl., 57
E
Ĕ variant of ŏ as stem-vowel of 2nd decl., 45.c and Note
in Vocative, 45.c and Note
Ablative of neuters in, 3rd decl., 76.a.3
gender of neuters in, 3rd decl., 87
Ablative in, of adjectives of two and three terminations, 116, Note; 117; 121.a
stem vowel, 3rd conjugation, 171; 174.1; 179.c
final, quantity of, 604.e
ē, for ae (oe) 6, Note 3
in Greek Vocative, 81.3
in stem of 5th decl., 98
in Genitive of 5th decl., 98.d, Note
in Dative, 98
in stem of 2nd conj., 171; 179.b
-ē as adverb ending, 214.a and c
ē (preposition) see ex
eae, old Dative feminine of is, 146, Note 3
Early forms of alphabet 1.a and Note; 6.a-b
ecce (eccum etc.), 146.a, Note 2
ecquis decl., 151.f
use, 310.a
ēdīcō construction, 563.d
edō (eat) conjugation, 201
Effecting, verbs of w. Perfect participle, 497.c
w. ut clause, 580.d
efficiō ut 568
effierī, 204.c
effigiēs decl., 98.a
Effort, verbs of w. ut clause, 563.e
egēns decl., 118
egeō construction, 356 and Note
ego decl., 143
ei diphthong, 2
sound of, 8
-eis for -īs in plural of 1st decl., 43.e, Note 2
-ēis patronymic, 244
-êius, adjective ending, 249
in prosody, 11.d; 603.f, Note 2
-êius, names in decl., 49.f
Ēlectra decl., 44
-ēlis adjective ending, 248
Ellipsis see Grammatical Terms, Glossary
ellum etc., 146.a. Note 2
-ellus diminutive ending, 243
ēluviēs decl., 98.a
em combined w. pronouns (ellum etc.), 146.a, Note 2
Emphasis, 597
en- (on-, ēn-, ōn-) primary suffix, 234.II. 13
Enclitics accent, 12.a
quantity, 604.a.1
-met, -te, -pte, 143.d and Note
-pse, 146, Note 7-8
-ce, 146.a, Note 1
-que, see under that word
End of motion Accusative of, 426.2
w. verbs that also take Dative, 363
Dative of, 428.h
two or more places as end of motion, 428.j
Endings, signification of, 235 - 263
see Personal endings and Terminations
English method of pronunciation, 8, Note
English words cognate with Latin, 18, 19
enim, use, 324.h
-ēnsimus (or -ēsimus) numeral adjective ending, 133, Note 1
-ēnsis gentile ending, 249
Enumeration, prīmum . . . deinde, 322.d, Note
-ēnus, adjective ending, 249
Envy verbs of, w. Dative, 367
eō, used w. supine in -um, 428.i; 509, Note 1
eō used w. quō, 414.a
w. comparative, 414.a
approaching Ablative of cause, 414.a Note
eō cōnsiliō ut, 531.1, Note 1
Epicene nouns, 34, Note
Epistolary tenses, 479
epitomē decl., 44
epulum plural -ae, 106.b
equester decl., 115.a
equidem, 322.f, Note
er- for es- primary suffix, 234.II.17
er stem ending, 63, Exception 2
-er Nominative ending, 2nd decl., 45 - 47
gender, 85
-er, adjectives in, 111 - 112; 115
comparison of these, 125
ergā w. Accusative after adjectives, 385.b
ergō use, 324.i
w. Genitive, 359.b
-erim, -erō as tense-ending, 169.c-d
-ernus adjective ending, 250
ero- noun stems in, 2nd decl., 50
ēro-, adjective stems in, 111.a. Note
ES, root of esse 15.4; 170.b. Note
es- (os-) primary suffix, 234.II.17
-ĕs in Nominative plural of Greek nouns, 81.4
gender of nouns in, 85
-ēs, Genitive of Greek nouns in 2nd decl., 52.a
Genitive ending, 5th decl., 98, Note
-ēs, list of nouns in, 71, footnote 2
gender, 86
formation, 238.a
esse conj., 170
forms of, in other languages, 170. b, Note
compounds of, 198
case after, 284
Dative of possession w., 373
Future participle w. (1st periphrastic conjugation), 498. a-b
position of forms of, 598.c, j
est united with other words, 13, Note
est quī etc., 535.a
est cum, 535.a, Note 3
est ut, 569.3
Esteeming, verbs of construction, 393
-ester (-estris) as adjective ending, 250
as noun ending, 254.11
ēstur, ēssētur passive forms of edō, 201.a
et use, 324.a
et . . . et, 323.e
et repeated or omitted, 323.c
et, -que, or atque translated but, 324.d, Note
etenim use, 324.h, k
Ethical Dative, 380
etiam use, 322.a
in answers, 336.a.1
etiam sī concessive, 527.c
etsī use, 527.c
-ētum noun ending, 254.8
-eus, Greek names in, 52.e
-eus patronymic ending, 244
adjective ending, 247; 249; 254.10
ēvenit ut, 568, footnote 2
ex (ē), 220.b
use, 221.11
Ablative w., instead of partitive Genitive, 346.c
in verbs w. Dative, 381
w. pronouns etc., 403.a, Note 1
to express place from which, 426.1
expressing position, 429.b
after its noun, 435
w. Ablative of gerund, 507
excellō w. Dative, 368.3
Exchanging verbs of, 417.b
Exclamation form of, 333, Note
Nominitive in, 339.a
Accusative in, 397.d
w. infinitive, 462
Exclamatory questions, 462.a
Exclamatory sentences, 269.c
Nominitive in, 339.a
Genitive in, 359.a
Accusative in, 397.d
Existence, general expressions of, 535.a
exlēx defective, 122.c
Expecting, hoping, etc. verbs of, w. indirect discourse, 580.c
w. complementary infinitive, 580.c, Note
expēnsum, 496, Note 4
exsiliō w. Ablative, 404.a
exspēs defective, 122.c
exsultō w. Ablative, 404.a
exterī use, 130.b
exterior, 130.b
extrēmus form, 130.a. footnote 2
exuō construction, 364
F
F, original sound of, 1.b, Note
faber decl., 112.a
fac (ut) w. subjunctive, 449.c
fac nē in prohibition, 450, Note 2
faciēs decl., 98.a
facilis comparative, 126
w. supine, 510, Note 2
faciō accent of compounds of, 12.a, Exceptions
forms of, omitted, 319.a
w. Ablative, 403.c
w. names of authors, 497.d, Note
facere ut, 568, Note 1
Factitive Accusative, 386
verbs, 273, Note 1
-factō in compounds, 266.a
faenebris decl., 115, Note 1
faex decl., 103.g.2
fallit w. Accusative, 388.c
falsus comparartive, 131.a
famēs Ablative of, 76.b, Note 1; 98.d
familiāris decl., 76.b.2
familiās in pater familiās etc., 43.b
fās indeclinable, 103.a
w. supine in -ū, 510
faux decl., 101, Note 1; 103.f.4
Favor, verbs of w. Dative, 367
fax decl., 103.g.2
Fearing, verbs of w. infinitive, 456
w. nē, nē nōn, ut, 564
Feeling, nouns of w. Genitive, 348
impersonal verbs of, 208.b; 354.b
animī w. verbs and adjectives of, 358
Genitive w. verbs of, 354
Accusative w. verbs. of, 388.a
quod clause w. verbs of, 572.b
fēlīx comparative, 124
Feminine rule for gender, 32
femur decl., 105.g
-fer compounds of, 50
decl., 111.a
fer imperative, 182
ferō conj., 200
acceptum (expēnsum) ferre, 496, Note 4
compounds of, 200.a
ferre, ferrem for †ferse etc., 200, chart 1, footnote 2
Festivals plural names of, 101.2
in -alia, 254.7
-ficus adjectives in, comparison of, 127.a
fidēs decl., 96
fīdō (cōnfïdfō) semi-deponent, 192
w. Dative, 367
w. Ablative, 431
fīdus comparative, 131.a
fierī construction w. Ablative, 403.c
Fifth Declension, 95 - 97
Figūra etymologica, 598.m
fīlia decl., 43.e
fīlius Vocative, 49.c
Filling, words of w. Ablative, 409.a
w. Genitive, 409, Note
Final Clauses defined, 279.d
construction of, 530 - 532
as substantive clauses, 563
Final conjunctions, 223.b.6; 224.II.e
Final syllables rules of quantity, 604
vowels, 604.a-h
fīnis decl., 76.b
Finite verb defined, 154, Note
subject of, 339
fīō conjugation, 204
in compounds, 204.b
defective compounds of, 204.c
quantity of i in, 603.a.3
First Conjugation principal parts, 173
Present stem, how formed, 176.a
paradigms, 184
verbs of, 209
verbs of, how formed, 259
First Declension, 40 -42
fīsus as Present participle, 491
fit ut, 568, footnote 2; 569.2
Fitness adjectives of, w. Dative, 384; 385.a
flāgitō constr., 563
floccī Genitive of value, 417.a
For when expressed by prō, 379, Note
fore, 170.a
Perfect participle w., 164.c, Note
fore ut, 569.a
forem, 170.a
forēs plural only, 101.4; 103.c.4
Forgetting, verbs of, 350
w. infinitive, 456
forīs (Locative), 103.c.4; 215.4; 427.a
Forms of the verb, 180 ff.
fors, forte, 103.c.1
forsan, 447.b, Note
forsitan (fors sit an), 216, Note
w. subjunctive, 447.a
fortasse, 447.b
Fourth Conjugation principal parts, 173
Present stem, how formed, 176.a; 179.d
paradigm, 187
list of verbs, 212
verbs, how formed, 262
Fractional expressions, 135.e; 637
fraus, decl., 71.6
Freedom, adjectives of w. Ablative, 402.a
verbs of, 401
French, derivations through, 19, Note 2
Frequentative verbs, 263.2
frētus w. Ablative, 431.a
Fricatives, 4.5
frūgī defective noun, 103.f.1
as adjective, 122.b
comparative, 129
constr., 382.1, Note 2
fruor, fungor w. Ablative, 410
w. Accusative, 410.a, Note 1
gerundive, 503, Note 2
fugit w. Accusative, 388.c
fuī derivation of, 170.b Note
Fullness adjectives of, 349.a
fūnebris decl., 115, Note 1
fungor see fruor
Future conditions, 516
in indirect discourse, 589.a
Future tense use, 472
of infinitive passive, how formed, 203.a
of imperative, 449
indicative for imperative, 449.b
in indirect questions, 575
Future Infinitive how formed, 164.3.b-c; 193, Note
expressed with fore or futūrum esse, 569.a
(rarely) in contrary to fact conditions in indirect discourse, 589.b, Note 3
Future Participle use, 158.b; 489; 498; 517.d
Future passive participle, 500
Future Perfect tense, suffix of, 169.c
use of, 478
represented in subjunctive, 484.c
in conditions, 516.c
futūrum esse ut see fore ut
futūrum fuisse ut, 589.b.3 and Note 2
Futūrum in praeteritō, 511, footnote 1
G
G (the character), 1.a and Note
Games plural names of, 101.2
gaudeō conjugation, 192
w. Ablative, 431
w. quod or indirect discourse, 572.b
Gems gender of, 32 and b; 48, Exceptions
Gender kinds of, 30
general rules for, 31- 34
common, epicene, 34
change of gender, 42, footnote
nouns, 1st decl., gender, 42
2nd decl., 48
nouns, 3rd decl., gender according to endings, 84- 87
of nouns, 4th decl., 90 - 91
5th decl., 97
Syntax: agreement in gender, 280
of appositives, 282.c
of adjectives, 286
adjectives w. nouns of different genders, 287 (cf. 289.c)
of relative, 306.b
General conditions defined, 513.2
constr. of, 518
relatives in, 520
General truths after past tense (in sequence of tenses), 485.d
in present, 465
in general condition, 518.a
GENITIVE defined, 35.b
terminations of, 37
plural in -um, 38.f
Genitive in -āī and -ās, 1st decl., 43.a-b
in -ī for -iī, 2nd decl., 49.b
in -ī of proper nouns of 3rd decl., 52.a
Genitive plural in -um (-om), for -ōrum, 49.d
-um for -ium, 3rd decl., 78
-ŏs for -is, 81.1
Genitive plural in -um, 92.b
in -ī or -ē for -ēī, 5th decl., 98, Note
Genitive plural wanting, 103.g.2
of adjectives in -ius, 113
Genitive plural in -ium or -um, 121.b
general use, 342
Subjective Genitive, 343, Note 1
Possessive Genitive, 343
in apposition w. possessive pronoun, 302.e
compared w. Dative, 373, Note
Genitive in predicate, 343.b-c
Genitive of adjective for neuter Nominative, 343.c, Note 1
Genitive of substance or material, 344
for apposition, 343.d
Genitive of quality, 345
Partitive, 346
Objective, 347 ff.
w. verbs of memory, 350
charge and penalty, 352
of feeling, 354
w. impers., miseret etc., 354.b
w. rēfert and interest, 355
of plenty and want, 356
of exclamation, 359.a
w. potior 357.a
w. other verbs, 357.b
w. egeō and indigeō, 356, Note
Genitive for Ablative, 356, Note
Genitive replaced by Dative, 366.b
of value, 417
Genitive of gerundive, 504
genius Vocative of, 49.c
Gēns or family, names, 108
Gentile adjectives, 244
gentīlis 76.a.2
genū decl., 89
gender, 91
genus decl., 64
-ger compounds of, 50
decl., 111.a
Gerund form, 155.b
meaning, 159.a
gerundive used instead, 503
syntax, 502 - 507
Genitive of, 504
w. direct object, 504.a
predicate use, purpose, 504.a, Note 1
w. Objective Genitive, 504.c
Dative of, 505
in law phrases etc., 505.b
Accusative of, 506 and Note 1
Ablative of, 507
gerund coordinated w. nominal constr. and in apposition, 503.a, Note 2
w. direct object, 503.a, Note 1
Gerundive, meaning and form, 155.a and footnote 3, 158.d
in -endus or -undus, 179, footnote 1
of deponent verb, 190.d
use as partticiple or adjective, 500
of ūtor, 500.3
to denote purpose after certain verbs, 500.4
used for gerund, 503
Gerundive constructions in cases Genitive, 504
Dative, 505
Accusative, 506
Ablative, 507
Impersonal w. esse, w. Accusative, 500.3
gibber decl., 111.a
gin-stem ending, 61.2
Giving, verbs of w. gerundive, 500.4
glaber decl., 112.a
glaciēs decl., 98.a
glīs decl., 71.6
glōrior w. Ablative, 431
Gnomic perfect 475
-gō nouns in, from stem gin-, 61.2
gender, 86
gracilis decl., 122.a
comparative 126
Grammar how developed, 268
Grammatical gender, 30.b
grātiā w. Genitive, 359.b; 404.c
w. Genitive of gerund, 533
grātificor w. Dative, 368.3
grātulor w. Dative, 368.3
Greek accusative (synecdochical), 397.b
Greek forms compared w. Latin, 24 -28; 44; 60; 124, footnote 1; 132, footnote 1; 163, footnote 1; 168; 170; 214; 234; 247; 252
Greek nouns 1st decl., 44
2nd decl., 52
3rd decl., 81 - 83
Greek proper names quantity of, 603.4
Groups of words conjunctions w., 323.c
grūs decl., 79.a
Guilt, adjectives of w. Genitive, 349.a
H
H (breathing), 4
omitted in spelling, 6.d, Note 2
in prosody, 603.a
habeō w. infinitive, 460.a
w. Perfect participle, 497.b
Future imperative habētō in sense of consider, 449.a
habilis w. Dative of gerund etc., 505.a, footnote 4
hāctenus, 221.26, Note 1
Hadria Genitive, 42, Exceptions
haec for hae, 146, Note 2
haereō w. Ablative, 368, Note
Happening, verbs of constr., 569.2
Have Perfect w., origin, 497.b, footnote 1
havē (avē) defective verb, 206.g
Having, verbs of, w. gerund., 500.4
hebes decl., 86.a
comparative, 124
Help, verbs of, w. Dative, 367
hērōs decl., 82
Hesitation, clauses of w. quīn, 558 - 559
verbs of, constr., 456
Heteroclite nouns, 105
adjectives, 122.a
Heterogeneous nouns, 106
Hibēr decl., 50.c
hībus, 146, Note 2
hīc, 146, Note 1
decl., 146
use, 297.a, e-f
quantity, 604.j, Exceptions
Hidden quantity, 11.f and Note
hiemps (for hiems), 15.11
hilaris (-us), 122.a
Himself (ipse, sē), 298.c, Note 2
Hindering, verbs of with nē or quōminus, or infinitive, 558.b and Note
Hindrance, verbs. of w. quōminus, 558.b
w. negatives, followed by quīn, 558 - 559
Historical infinitive, 463
takes secondary sequence, 485.f
Historical perfect, 161.2; 473
Historical present, 469
followed by primary or secondary tenses, 485.e
hodiē Locative form, 98.b, 215.5
honor (-ōs) decl., 62, Note 2
Hoping, verbs of with indirect discourse, 580.c
w. complementary infinitive, 580.c Note
horizōn decl., 83.d
Hortatory subjunctive, 439
in concession, 440
in proviso, 528
in obligation, 439.b
w. force of protasis, 521.b
hortor constr., 563
hospes decl., 121.a.4
hospita (feminine of hospes), 121.e
hûiusmodī, 146.b
humī, 49.a
Locative use of, 427.a
humilis comparative, 126
Hundreds, how declined, 134.c
Hypotaxis, 268
I
I as vowel and as consonant, 1; 10
i as transient sound between consonantal i and a preceding vowel, 6.c (cf. 11.e)
i- primary suffix, 234.I.2
ĭ for ē in 2nd conjugation, 179.b.2
for -ĕ in 3rd conjugation, 179.c.1
lost in verbs in -iō of 3rd conjugation, 179.c, e
inserted in verb stem, 176.b.2
-ĭ in Greek Vocative, 82
-ī (single) in Genitive of nouns in -ius (-ium), 49.b
in Genitive of nouns in -ēs, 52.a
in Ablative of 3rd decl., 76
in Locative of 3rd decl., 451
in Genitive, 4th decl., 92.a
in Genitive, Dative, 5th decl., 98.d, Note
in Dative of ūnus etc., 113
in Present passive infinitive, 451, footnote 1
in Perfect, 163, footnote 3
confused, 73
signs of, 74
in adjective, 117
cases retaining -i, cf. 74; 76; 114; 116, Note
i-stems in verbs, 179.d
-ia ending of abstract nouns, 241
-ia Nominative and Accusative plural 3rd decl., 74.b
-ia for -iēs 5th decl. 98.c
iaciō compounds of, 6.d; 603.f, Note 3
iam derivation, 215.6
use, 322.b
w. imperfect, 471.c, Note
iamdiū w. Present, 466
w. Imperfect, 471.b
iamdūdum w. Present, 466
w. Imperfect 471.b
w. imperative, 466, Note 2
-ībam for -iēbam 4th conjugation, 183.1
-ībō for -iam 183.1
ībus, 146, Note 3
-īcius 247
-icus, 249
id- stem-ending, 83.b
id genus, 397.a
id quod, 307.d
idcircō as correlative, 324.i
w. final clause, 531.1, N.ote 1
īdem decl., 146
derivation, 146, Note 9
w. Dative, 384, Note 1
w. atque or relative, 384, Note 2
used emphatically, 298.a
equivalent to adverb, 298.b
Ides (13th or 15th of month), how reckoned, 631.b
-idēs (-īdēs) in patronymics, 244
idōneus comparative, 128
w. Dative of gerund etc., 505.a, footnote 2
idōneus quī, 535.f
-idus verbal adjective ending, 251
Īdūs 4th decl., gender, 90, Exceptions (See Ides)
-ie in Vocative of adjectives in -ius, 110.a
iecur decl., forms from different stems, 79.c; 105.g
iēns (participle of eō) decl., 119
-ier in infinitive passive, 183.4
-iēs noun ending, 241
in 5th decl. = -ia, 1st decl., 98.c
igitur meaning, 324.i
position, 324.j
īgnis decl., 76.b.1
-iī (or -ī) in Genitive, 2nd decl., 49.b and footnote
of adjectives, 110.a
iī, iīs for ī, īs, from is, 146
-īle noun ending, 254.6
-ĭlis, -bilis verbal adjective ending, 252
-īlis nominal adjective ending, 248
Illative conjunctions, 223.a.4; 224.I.d
ille forms, 146, Notes 4, 6
decl., 146
use, 297.b, e
combined w. -ce, 146.a, Note 1
illīc decl., 146.a
-illō verbs ending in, 263.3
Infinitive used as noun, gender, 33
w. Genitive, 343.c
see also Syntax, Infinitive Mood
īnfitiās defective, 103.b.6
use, 428.i
Inflection defined, 21
terminations of, 21.b
how modified, 28
of decl. and conjugation, 22
Influence, verbs of, w. ut clause, 563
Informal Indirect Discourse, 591 - 592
ingēns decl., 121.a.3
comparative, 131.b
iniūriā as Ablative of manner, 412.b
iniussū defective, 94.c
inquam, inquit 206.b
position of, 599.c
Inseparable particles, 267.b
Insertion of consonants (p in sūmpsī), 15.11
īnsidiae Dative w., 367.d
īnspergō, constr., 364
īnstar, indecl., 103.a
w. Genitive, 359.b
īnstō, constr., 563
Instrument Ablative of, 409
Instrumental case, 35, Note (cf. 338; 398)
as adverb, 215.4
source of several Ablative constructions, 408
īnsulam, ad, 428.a
integer decl., 112.a
Integral part subjunctive of, 591; 593
integrum est ut, 568
Intensive pronoun, 146, Notes 7, 8; 298. c-f
Intensive verbs, 263.2 and b
in compounds, 267.a
verbs compounded w., 370
position, 435
inter sē (reciprocal), 145.c; 301.f
inter sīcāriōs, 353.2
inter, w. gerund, 506 and Note 1
interclūdō constr., 364 and Note 2
interdīcō constr., 364, Note 1
interestconstr., 355
w. ad, 355.b
how to express degree of interest, 355, Note 2
interior comparative, 130.a
Interjections, defined, 20
list, 226
w. Dative, 379.a
Interlocked order of words, 598.h
Intermediate clauses Syntax of, 591 - 593
Interrogative adverbs use, 333
position, 598.b
Interrogative particles list of, 217.d
use, 331 - 333
Interrogative pronoun, 148 - 151
use, 333
position, 598.b
Interrogative sentences, 269.b
forms of, 330 - 336
iutrā (interior), 130.a
derivation, 215.4
Intransitive verbs, 273.2; 274, Note
used impersonally in passive, 208.d
Dative w., 366 ff.
used transitively, w. Accusative and Dative, 369 (cf. 388.a, Note)
w. cognate Accusative, 390
having passive sense, w. ab, 405.a
-īnus adjective ending, 249
inūtilis w. Dative of gerund etc., 505.a
invictus comparative, 131.a
invītus, comparative, 131.a
-iō noun ending, 238.b
gender, 86
-iō verbs in, 3rd conjugation, 176.b.2
forms of, 179.c, e
paradigm, 188
4th conjugation, 179.d
derivation, 262
iocus plural in -ī or -a, 106.b
ip- stem ending, 56.a
ipse formation, 146, Notes 7, 8
decl., 146
use, 297.c
used instead of reflexive, 300.b
īrī in future infinitive passive, 203.a
Ironical statement not different in form from question, 332.a, Note
-is-, -iss-, -sis-, dropped in Perfect, 181.b, Note 2
is decl., 146
used emphatically, 298.a
used instead of reflexive, 300.b
-ĭs Nominative ending, gender, 86
-is, patronymic, 244
-īs for -iīs in 1st decl., 43.e, Note 2
Nominative and Accusative plural, 3rd decl., 77 (cf. 73)
Greek Nominative ending, 83.b
-īs, nouns in, see īt-
Islands, names of Locative use, 427.3; 428.e
from which, 427.1
to which, 427.2
-isse, -issem verb ending, see 181.b
-issō verbs ending in, 263.b
iste shortened to ste, 146, Note 5
decl., 146
use, 297.c
istic decl., 146.a
It as sign of Impersonals, 207, footnote
-īt as stem ending, 58.b
ita correlative with ut, 323.g
in answers, 336.a
ita ut, 537.2, Note 2
itaque accent, 12.a
compared with ergō, 324.i
used with ergō, 324.k
position of, 599.b
iter stem of, 79.c
Iterative subjunctive, 518.c
Iterative verbs (-tō, -itō, -sō), 263.2
-itō verbs in, 263.2
-ītus adjective ending, 246
iubar decl., 76.a.3
iubeō w. Accusative, 367.a
w. infinitive, 563.a
in passive, 566.c
iucundus constr., 510, Note 2
iūgerum defective 103.d.3
decl., 105.b
measure, 636
-ium Genitive plural, 3rd decl., 74.a
of adjectives, 114.a; 117; 121.b
-ium noun ending, 241.b
iungō w. Ablative or Dative, 368.3, Note; 413, Note
Iuppiter stem and decl., 79 and b
plural, 100.a
derivation, 266.c
-ius adjectives in, Genitive, Vocative of, 110.a
formation of adjectives in, 247; 252, Note
iūs (broth), decl., 103.g.1
-īus Genitive singular ending, 113
quantity, 113.c; 603.a, Exception 1
iūstō w. comparative, 406.a
iuvat w. Accusative, 388.c
iuvenis decl., 62, Note 3; 78.1
masculine adjective, 122.d
comparative, 131.c
iuvō w. Accusative, 367.a
iūxtā position, 435
-īv- in Perfect, 211.d
-īvus verbal adjective ending, 251, Note
J
J (the character), 5, Note 1
English sound, 5, Note 1
K
K, supplanted by C, 1.a, Note
kalendae, 631.a
Kindred forms Latin and English, 18; 19
Kindred signification Accusative of, 390
Knowing, verbs of w. Accusative and infinitive, 459
Knowledge adjectives of, w. Genitive, 349.a
ko-(kā-)> primary suffix, 234.II.12
L
L nouns in -l, gender, 87
adj. stems in l-, 117.a
Labials, 4.2
stems, 3rd decl., 56 and a
labōrō w. Abl., 404.a
lacus decl., 89
Dative and Ablative plural in -ubus, 92.c
laedō w. Accusative, 367.a
laetor, laetus w. Ablative, 431
lampas decl., 82
lateō w. Accusative, 396.c
latet w. Accusative, 388.c, Note 1
lātifundium, 265.2
lātus participle, derivation, 200, footnote 2
Learning, verbs of w. infinitive, 456
Length expressed by Genitive, 345.b
-lēns, -lentus adjective endings, 245
leō decl., 62
Letters classification of, 1 - 5
levis decl., 116
comparative, 124
leviter comparartive, 218
līber adjective, decl., 50; 111.a
Līber decl., 50
libet impersonal, 208.c, Note
w. Dative, 368.1
licet impersonal, synopsis, 207
use, 208.c, Note
w. Dative, 368.1
w. subjunctive, meaning although, 527.b
licet eam, licet mē īre, licet mihi īre, 565 and Note 2
Likeness adjectives of, w. Dative, 384
w. Genitive, 385.c
Limiting word meaning of, 276.b
Linguals, 4.3
stems in, 3rd decl., 58.a
linter decl., 66
-lis adjectives in, comparative, 126
Litotes, 326.c
-lium noun ending, 241.c
ll- as stem ending, 62, Note 1
lo- (lā-) primary suffix, 234.II.10
Locative Ablative, 426.3
idiomatic use, 429.3
adverbial forms, 215.5
LOCATIVE defined, 35.h; 80, footnote (cf. 360)
of 1st decl., 43.c
2nd decl., 49.a
3rd decl., 80
4th decl. (domī), 93, Note 1
5th decl., 98.b
as adverb, 214.5
w. Ablative in apposition, 282.d
relative adverb used to refer to, 308.g
animī, 358
Locative used to express where, 426.3
forms (domī etc.), 427.a
locō Ablative without preposition, 429.1
locō verb, constr., 430
locum capere w. Dative of gerund etc., 505
locus plural -ī or -a, 106.b
Long and Short see Quantity
longius without quam, 407.c
lūdicer decl., 112.a
luēs defective, 103.d.1
lūx decl., 103.g.2
M
M inserted in verb root, 176.c.2
-m sign of Accusative, 338
omitted in inscriptions, 46, Note 1
macer decl., 112.a
macte virtūte use and constr., 340.c and Note
magis as sign of comparative, 128
compounds of, w. quam, 434
māgnī Genitive of value, 417
māgnus comparison, 129
mâiestātis w. words of accusing etc., 352.a
Main clause defined, 278.b
mâior nātū, 131.c
mâiōrēs signification of, 101.3 (cf. 102.2); 291.c. Note 3
Making, verbs of constr., 393
male comparative, 218
compounds of, w. Dative, 368.2
mālō, conjugation, 199
malus comparative, 129
mandō constr., 563
māne defective noun, 76, Note 1; 103.b.5
maneō w. Ablative, 431
Manner, adverbs of, 217.c
Ablative of, 412 and b
hard to distinguish from Ablative of specification, 418.a, Note
manner implied in participle, 496
mānsuētus, 266.c
manus decl., 89
gender, 90, Exceptions
marī Locative, 427.a
mās decl., 71.6
Masculine rule for gender, 31
Masculine adjectives, 122.d
Material, adjectives denoting, 247
Genitive of, 344
Ablative of, 403 and b-d
maximē as sign of superlative, 128
May how expressed in Latin, 157.b
mē dīus fidius, 397.d, Note 2
Means, nouns denoting, 239
Ablative of, 408 - 409
participle implying means, 496
Measure Genitive of, 345.b (cf. 425.a)
Measures of value, 632 - 635
of length, 636
of weight, 637
of capacity, 638
medeor w. Dative or Accusative, 367.b
mediocris decl., 115.a, Note 1
Meditative verbs, 263.2.b
medius 293
melior decl., 120
melius est w. infinitive 486.f
meminī, conjugation, 205
imperative of, 449.a
meminī w. Accusative or Genitive, 350.a-b
w. Present infinitive, 584.a and Note
memor decl., 121.a.3
Memory adjectives of, constr., 349.a
verbs of, constr., 350
men- primary suffix, 234.II.14
-men, -mentum noun endings, 239
mēnsis decl., 78.2
merīdiēs gender, 97
-met (enclitic), 143.d
Metathesis see Grammatical Terms, Glossary (cf. 177.a, Note)
metuō w. Dative or Accusative, 367.c
w. subunctive, 564
meus Vocative mī, 110.a, Note
Middle voice, 397.c; 410, Note
Mile, 636
mīles decl., 57
Military expressions Dative in, 382.2
Ablative of means instead of agent, 405.b, Note 1
Ablative of accompaniment without cum, 413.a
mīlitiae (locative), 427.a
mīlle (mīlia) decl. and constr., 134.d
-minī as personal ending, 163
minimē comparison, 218.a
use, 291.c, Note 2
w. negative force, 392.a
in answer (no), 336.a.2
ministrō w. infinitive, 460.a
minor nātū, 131.c
minōris Genitive of value, 417 and c
minōrēs signification, 291.c, Note 3
-minus, -mnus verbal adjective endings, 253.c
minus comparison, 218.a
use, 291.c, Note 2
w. sī and quō, = not, 329.a
constr. without quam, 407.c
mīror sī, 572.b, Note
mīrum quam (quantum) w. indicative, 575.d
mīs, tīs, 143.a, Note
misceō w. Ablative or Dative, 368.3, Note; 413.a, Note
miser 3rd decl., comparison, 125
miserē, comparison 218
misereor w. Genitive, 354.a
miserēscō w. Genituve, 354.a
miseret, 208.b
w. Genitive and Accusative, 354.b
other constr., 354.c, Note
miseror w. Accusative, 354.a, Note
Mixed i-stems, 70 - 72
-mnus see -minus
mo- (mā-) primary suffix, 234.II.7
Modesty subjunctive of, 447.1
Modification of subjunctive or predicate, 276
Modifiers position of, 596 - 599
of negative, 599.a
modo (modo nē) with subjunctive of proviso, 528
modo . . . modo, 323.f
modō as Ablative of manner, 412.b
molāris decl., 76.a.2
moneō conjugation, 185
constr., 351; 390.d, Note 1
-mōnium, -mōnia noun endings, 239
Monoptotes, 103.b
Monosyllables quantity, 604.a-c
Months gender of names of, 31 and Note
decl. of names of in -ber, 115.a
names of, 630
divisions of in Roman Calendar, 631
Moods names and uses of, 154; 157
note on origin and nature of, 436
syntax of, 264 - 275; 437 - 463
Moods in temporal clauses how distinguished, 545, 546 and Notes
mōrigerus decl., 111.a, Note
mōs est ut, 568
Mother name of, w. preposition, 403.a, Note 1
Motion, how expressed, 363; 381.a; 402
indicated by compounds, 388.b
implied, 428.j, Note
Motion, end of see End of Motion
Motive how expressed, 404.b
Mountains names of, gender, 31 and b
Mulciber decl., 50.c
muliebris decl., 115.a, Note 1
multā nocte, 293, Note
Multiplication by distributives, 137.c
Multiplicatives, 139
multum (-ō) comparative, 218.a
multus, compar.ative 129
mūnus decl., 105.g
mūnus est ut, 568
mūs decl., 71.6
mūsica (-ē) decl., 44
mūtāre constr., 417.b
Mutes, 4
mute stems, 3rd decl., 56 - 64
mӯthos decl., 52
N
N, 4
as final letter of stem (leōn-), 61.1
preceding stem vowel of verb, 176.b.1
inserted in verb root (tangō), 176.c.2; 177.b, Note
nāis decl., 82
-nam (enclitic) in questions, 333.a
nam, namque use, 324.h, k
Names of men and women, 108
Naming verbs of, w. two Accusatives, 393
inserted in verb root, 176.c.2
nātālis decl., 76.b.2
nātū (mâior, minor), 131.c
nātus etc. w. Ablative of source, 403.a
nāvis decl., 76.b.1
-nd, -nt vowel short before, 10.e
-ndus verbal adjective ending, 253.a
gerundive in, 158.d
-ne (enclitic) use in questions, 332.a-c
w. force of nōnne, 332.c
original meaning, 332.c, Note 1
in double questions, 335
in exclamatory questions, 462.a
quantity, 604.a.1
nē negative of Hortatory subjunctive, 439
in prohibitions, 450.3
in concessions, 527.a
w. subjunctive of proviso, 528.b
in final clauses, 531
= nēdum, 532, Note 1
in substantive clauses, w. verbs of hindering, 558.b
of fearing, 564
omitted after cavē, 565, Note 1
nē nōn, w. verbs of fearing, 564
nē . . . quidem, use, 322.f
after nōn, 327.1
after nōn modo, 217.e
position of, 599.b
Nearness adjectives of, w. Dative, 384
w. Genitive, 385.c
nec enim, 324.h
necesse indecl., 103, Note 1
necesse est ut, 568; 569.2, Note 2
Necessity, verbs of w. Perfect passive infinitive, 486.d
w. ut clause, 569.2
necne in double questions, 335 and Note
nēdum, 532, Notes 1 - 2
nefās,indecl., 103.a
w. supine in -ū, 510
Negation Perfect preferred in, 475.a
Negative answers, 332.b; 336 and a.2
Negative particles list of, 217.e
use of, 325
two negatives, 326
negative form different from English, 328
negative condition, 525.a
negative proviso, 528
negative purpose, 531
position of, 599.a
negō better than dīcō . . . nōn, 328; 580.b
negōtium dō ut, 563, footnote 1
nēmō use of, 314
Genitive and Ablative singular replaced by nūllīus and nūllō, 314.a
nēmō nōn, 326.b
nēmō est quī, 535.a, Note 1
neque (nec) and not, 328.a
neque enim, use, 324.h
neque after a negative, 327.2-3
nēquam,indeclinabe, 122.b
comparative of, 129
nequeō conjugation, 206.d
nēquis, decl., 310.a
nesciō an, 575.d
nesciō quis as indefinite without subjunctive, 575.d
-neus adjective ending, 247
Neuter Accusative as adverb, 214.d, (cf. b, Note)
Neuter adjectives special uses of, 289
Neuter gender general rule for, 33
cases alike in, 38.b
endings of 3rd decl., 87
Neuter pronoun as cognate Accusative, 390.c
Neuter verbs see Intransitive Verbs
nēve connective in prohibitions, 450, Note 5
nex decl., 103.g.2
ni- primary suffix, 234.II.5
nī, nisi, 512, Note
use of, 525.a
-nia, -nium noun endings, 241.c
niger decl., 112
distinct from āter, 131.d, Note
nihil, indeclinable, 103.a
contraction to nīl, 603.c
nihilī Genitive of value, 417.a
nihilī and nihilō, 103.a, Note 2
nīmīrum quam as indefinite without subjunctive, 575.d
ningit, 208.a
nisi and sī nōn, 525.a
nisi sī, 525.a.3
nisi vērō (forte), 525.b
nītor w. Ablative, 431
nix (stem and decl.), 79.d
plural, 100.b
No, in answers, how expressed, 336.a.2
no- (nā-) primary suffix, 234.II.4
no- verb suffix, 176.b.1
nōlī in prohibitions, 450.(1) and Note 1
nōlō conjugation, 199
participle w. Dative of the person judging, 378, Note
w. Perfect active infinitive in prohibitions, 486.c
w. Perfect passive infnitive (or participle), 486.d and Note
Nōmen denoting gens, 108
nōmen decl., 64
nōmen est w. predicate Nominative or Dative, 373.a
w. Genitive, 373, Note
Nominal adjectives, 243 - 254
NOMINATIVE defined, 35.a
Nominative suffix, 338
neuter plural Nominative and Accusative alike, 38.b
in 2nd decl., 45.a
in 3rd decl., 56; 58; 61; 66; 79
of neuters, i-stems, 68.a
in u-stems, 4th decl., 88
in e-stems, 5th decl., 95
NOMINATIVE, Syntax (see 338): in predicate, 283 - 284
verb agreement with, 316
as subject, 339
in exclamations, 339.a (cf. 397.d)
used for Vocative, 340.a
w. opus in predicate, 411.b
Nominitive of gerund supplied by infinitive, 502, Note
nōn, derivation, 215.1
compounds of, 326.a-b
in answers, 336.a.2
nōn dubitō quīn, 558.a
nōn dubitō w. infinitive, 558, Note 2
w. indirect question, 558, Note 1
nōn modo after a negative, 327.1
nōn modo . . . nē . . . quidem, 217.e
nōn nēmō, nōn nūllus, etc., 326.a
nōn quia (quod, quō, quīn) etc., 540, Note 3
nōn satis, 291.c, Note 2
Nones (nōnae), 631.c
nōnne in questions, 332.b
nōs decl., 143
for ego, 143.a
noster for possessive Genitive, 302.a
nostrī as objective Genitive, 143.c; 295.b
nostrum as partitive Genitive, 143.b; 295.b
as objective Genitive, 295.b, Note 1
Noun and adjective forms of verb, 166
Noun stem treated as root, 176.d
Nouns defined, 20.a
indeclinable, gender, 33
derivative forms of, 235 - 241
used as adjectives, 321.c
rule of agreement, 281
w. partitive Genitive, 346.a.1
w. objective Genitive, 348
governing Accusative, 388.d, Note 2
noun as protasis, 521.a
Nouns of agency, 235
formation, 236
novendecim, 133, Note 2
nox, decl., 72
ns, nf, gn, quantity of preceding vowel, 10.d
-ns, as adjective ending, 118
participles in, decl., 119; 121.b.2
w. Genitive, 349.b
w. Accusative, 349, Notes 1-2
nt- (ont-, ent-) primary suffix, 234.II.18
nt-, stems in decl., 121.a.4
nu- primary suffix, 234.II.6
nūbēs, decl., 72
nūbō w. Dative, 368.3
nūllus decl., 113
use, 314.a
cf. nēmō
num, force of, 332.b
in indirect questions, 332.b, Note
Number, 35
nouns, defective in, 99; 100; 101; 103.f-g
variable in, 107
peculiar uses, 101, Note 1; 317.d, Note 2
number in verbs, 154.e
agreement in, 280
w. appositives, 282.a
w. adjectives., 286 and b
Numeral adverbs, 138
cardinals and ordinals, 132; 133
distributives, 136
adverbs, 138
others, 139
Position of numeral adjectives, 598.b
nunc compared w. iam, 322.b
nunc . . . nunc, 323.f
nurus, gender, 90
-nus, adjective ending, 250
O
O for u after u or v, 6.a-b
in 2nd decl., 46, Note 1
o- (ā-) primary suffix, 234.I.1
-ō in Nominative, 61.1
gender, 86
in feminine Ablative of Greek adjectives, 111.b, Note
-ō, -ōnis noun ending, 236.c; 255
ō sī w. subjunctive of wish, 442.a and Note 1
o-stems 2nd decl., 45
verbs from o-stems, 259.2
in compounds, 267.a
in compounds w. verbs, w. Dative, 370
to express cause, 404.b
w. gerund, 506 and Note 1
obeō constr., 370.b
Obeying verbs of, 367
w. Accusative, 367.a
Object cases, 274.a
Object clauses infinitive, 452
Object defined, 274
becomes subjunctive of passive, 275; 387.b
Accusative of direct w. Dative of indirect object, 362
secondary object, 394
object of anticipation, 576
Objective case expressed in Latin by Genitive, Dative, Accusative, or Ablative, 274.a
Objective compounds, 265.3
Objective Genitive, meī etc., 143.c
defined, 348, Note
w. nouns, 348
w. adjectives, 349
Obligation unfulfilled, hortatory subjunctive, 439.b
Oblique cases, 35.g
origin of names of, 338
oblīvīscor w. Accusative or Genitive, 350.a-b
obvius (obviam) derivation, 216 and Note
obviam as apparent adjective, 321.d
w. Dative, 370.c
Occasion expressed by participle, 496
ōcior comparative, 130
octōdecim, 133, Note 2
ōdī conjugation, 205
w. meaning of present, 476
-oe for -ī in Nominative plural, 2nd decl., 52.d
offendō constr., 370.b
-ôius names in, 49.f
Old forms of pronouns: mīs, tīs, 143.a, Note
mēd, tēd, 143.a, Note
ollus (ille), 146, Note 4
-olus diminutive ending, 243
Omission, of possessive, 302.c
of antecedent, 307.c
omnēs, nōs omnēsspan (instead of omnēs nostrum), 346.e
ŏn-, stem ending, 83.c
-ŏn, Greek ending 2nd decl., 52
ōn- stem ending, 61.1; 234.II.13
-ōn, Genitive plural 2nd decl., 52.c
-ōn, Nominative ending, 83.c-d
ont-, Nominative -ōn, 83.d
Open syllables, 7, Note 2
operā w. Genitive, 405.b
operam dō w. Dative of gerund etc., 505
w. subjunctive, 563
Operations of nature, 208.a
opīniōne w. comparative, 406.a
opīnor position of, 599.c
oportet, 208.c
w. Accusative, 388.c
in apodosis, 517.c
Imperfect refers to Present, Pluperfect to past, 522.a, Note 1
w. subjunctive or infinitive, 565 and Note 3
oportuit w. Present infinitive, 486.a
w. Perfect infinitive, 486.b
oppidum, ad, 428.b
oppūgnō w. Accusative, 370.b
ops defective, 103.f.1
Optative derivation, and comparison w. subjunctive, 436
Optative forms in the verb, 168.e, Note 2; 169.d
Optative subjunctive (wish), 441
w. utinam etc., 442
velim, etc. w. subjunctive, equivalent to, 442.b
opus, indeclinable, 103.a
opus and ūsus, w. Ablative, 411
as predicate Nominative, 411.b
w. participle, 497.a
w. supine in -ū, 510
or-, stem ending 3rd decl., 63, Exception 2
-or, noun ending, 238.a
-or or -ōs Nominative ending, 62, Note 2
gender, 85
Ōrātiō oblīqua see Indirect Discourse
decl., 134.e
use of et with, 135.a-b
ōrō constr., 563
Orpheus decl., 52.e
os-, stem of comparatives, 120.b
-os for -us in Nominative singular, 2nd decl., 46, Note 1
as Greek ending, 52
as Genitive ending in Greek nouns, 3rd decl., 81.1
os, ossis, stem, 79
-ōs, Nominative ending, 62, Note 2
gender, 85
ōs, ōris decl., 103.g.2
-ōsus, -lēns, -lentus adjective endings, 245
ovat (defective), 206.f
ovis decl., 76.b.1
P
P parasitic after m (sūmpsī), 15.11
pactō as Ablative of manner, 412.b
paene in apodosis, 517.b, Note 2
paenitet, 208.b
constr., 354.b-c
palam as apparent adjective, 321.d
w. Ablative, 432.c
Palatals, 4
palūster decl., 115.a
Panthūs Vocative of, 52.b
w. Genitive, 385.c
w. Dative of gerund etc., 505, footnote 4
Parallel verb forms, 189
Parataxis, 268
parātus w. infinitive, 460.b
Pardoning verbs of, w. Dative, 367
Parisyllabic nouns of 3rd decl., 65.a
pariter use, 384, Note 2
parte Locative use, without preposition, 429.1
partem adverbial use, 397.a
particeps decl., 121.a.4; 121.b
PARTICIPLES, defined, 20.b, Note 1
comparison of, 124.a
number of, 155.a
how used, 158
PARTICIPLES, Syntax, 488 - 500
agreement, 286 and Note
clause equivalent to participle, 308.c
participles in -ns, used as adjectives, w. Genitive, 349.b
participles in Ablative Absolute, 419
meaning and form, 488
tenses, 489 - 493
Present in special use, 490
Present passive participle, how supplied, 492
Perfect active, how supplied, 493
participles of deponent verbs, 190.a-b; 491; 493
adjective use, 494
as nouns, 494.a
predicate use, 495 - 496
w. opus, 497.a
Perfect w. habeō, 497.b
Present w. faciō, 497.c
Future participle, 498
w. past tenses of esse, 498.b
poetic and late use, 499
gerundive, use as participle or adjective, 500
participle as protasis, 521.a
Particles defined, 23
forms and classification, 213
note on formation, 215 - 216
interrogative, 217.d
in compounds, 267
use of interrogative particles, 332. a-c
conditional particles, 512.a and Note; 525
particles of comparison, 524
Particular conditions defined, 513
partior conjugated 190
Partitive apposition, 282.a
Partitive Genitive, 346
nostrum etc., 143.b
neuter adjectives with, 346.3 and Note 1
Partitive numerals, 139.c
Parts of Speech, 20
partus decl., 92.c
parum comparative 218.a
meaning, 291.c, Note 2
parvī Genitive of value, 417
parvus, compar.ative 129
Passive voice, 154.a
origin, 163, footnote 2; 208.d, Note
signification, 156
reflexive meaning, 156.a
deponents, 156.b
completed tenses, how formed, 179.g
passive used impersonally, 203.a; 208.d; 372 (cf. 566; 582.a)
pater familiās decl., 43.b
patiēns comparative, 124.a
patior constr., 563.c
Patrials in -ās decl., 71.5; 121.a.4
Patronymics (-ades, -īdes, -eus, etc.), 244
pauper decl., 121.a.4
pāx decl., 103.g.2
pecū gender, 91
decl., 105.f
pecūniae Genitive, w. verbs of accusing, 352.a and Note
pedester decl., 115.a
pelagus (plural pelagē), gender of, 48.a
pelvis decl., 76.b.1
Penalty Genitive of, 352 and Note
Ablative of, 353.2
Penātēs decl., 71.5 (cf. 101.3)
penes following noun, 435
Penult defined, 12
penus gender, 90, Exceptions
decl., 105.c
per preposition, 220.a
use, 221.16
w. Accusative of agent, 405.b
Adverbial prefix, w. adjectives, 267.d.1 (cf. 291.c, Note 1)
w. verbs, 267.d, Note
Perceiving verbs. of, constr., 459
perendiē (Locative), 98.b; 215.5
Perfect participle two uses, 158.c.1-2
of deponents, 190.b
used as noun, retains adverb, 321.b
Dative of agent w., 375
Ablative w. opus and ūsus, 411.a; 497.a
PERFECT TENSE distinguished from imperfect, 161, 471
Perfect definite and Perfect historical, 161, 473
personal endings, 163.a, 169.a
origin of i and s in, 163, footnote 3
Perfect subjunctive, suffixes of, 169.d
of 1st conjugation, 179.a.2
contracted Perfect, 181.a-b
Perfect subjunctive in -sim, 183.3
irregular forms of 1st conjugation, 209.a
of 2nd conjugation, 210.c
various, of 3rd conjugation, 211
of 4th conjugation, 212
PERFECT TENSE, Syntax. Perfect Indicative, use, 473
in general conditions, 473.a; 518.b
gnomic Perfect, 475
in Future conditions, 516.e
Perfect Subjunctive, hortatory, 439 and Note 1
optative, 441.a
potential, 446
in prohibitions, 450.(3)
in Future conditions, 516.c
Perfect Infinitive, in exclamations, 462 and Note 2
w. dēbeō etc., 486.b
w. nōlō or volō in prohibition, 486.c
passive w. volō etc., 486.d
instead of the Present infinitive, 486.e
w. verbs of feeling etc., 486.f
in indirect discourse, 584.a and Note
Sequence of Tenses, Perfect indicative, 485.a
Perfect subjunctive, 485.b-c, 585.a
Periclēs decl., 82
Period, 600 - 601
Periphrastic conjugations, 158.b, Note; 158.d, Note
paradigms, 195 - 196
periphrastic forms in conjugation, 193
use in contrary to fact apodosis, 517.d
in indirect questions, 575.a
Permission verbs of, constr., 563.c
permūtō w. Ablative, 417.b
pernox decl., 122.c
perpes decl., 121.a.3
Person, 154.d
agreement, 280
of verbs, 316 and a
w. different persons, 317.a
order of the three persons, 317.a
Personal construction of passive w. infinitive, 582
Personal endings, 163 and footnote 1
Personal pronouns, 142 - 143; 294; 295
reduplicated forms, 143.e
Syntax, 295
Genitive plural, 295.b
3rd person, 295.c
position of personal and demonstrative, 599.f
persuādeō constr., 563
Persuading, verbs of w. Dative, 367
pertaesum est, 354.b
pēs compounds of, decl., 121.b.1
Pet names gender, 30.a, Note 2
petō w. ab, 396.a
w. subjunctive, 563
ph only in Greek words, 4.1, footnote 2
sound of, 8
consonants, 15.4-17
Phrase defined, 277
Phrases neuter, 33
phrases and clauses grown into adverbs, 216
adverbial phrases, 277
phrases limited by Genitive, 343.c
phrase or clause in Ablative Absolute, 419.b
Physical qualities Ablative, 415.a
piger decl., 112.a
piget constr., 354.b
Pity, verbs of constr., 354.a
pius compararative, 128, Note; 131.a
pix decl., 103.g.2
Place, adverbs of, 217.a
relations of, require preposition, 381.a; 426
place of birth, Ablative, 403.a, Note 2
place to or from which, 426.1-2
preposition, when omitted, 426, footnote 1; 427.1-2.a; 429.a
Placing, verbs of constr., 430
Plants, gender of names of, 32 and b
decl. of plant names in -us, 105.a
plaudō w. Dative, 368.3
Plautus, absque mē etc., 517.f
use of quom w. indicative, 546, Note 4; 549, Note 3
Pleasing, verbs of constr., 367
plēbēs decl., 98.d
Plenty, verbs of, constr., 356; 409.a
plēnus constr., 409, Note
-plex,numeral adjectives in, 139
pluit (impersonal), 208.a
used personally, 208.a, Note
Pluperfect Indicative suffixes of, 169.b
use of, 477
epistolary, 479
Pluperfect indicative in conditions contrary to fact, 517.b
in general conditions, 518.b
Pluperfect subjunctive, suffixes of, 169.e
hortatory, 439.b
optative, 441
potential, 446
in conditions, 517 (sequence, 485.g)
Plural wanting in 5th decl., 98.a
used in sense different from singular, 100.a-c; 107
plural alone used, 101, Note 1
plural Accusative used as adverbs, 215.3
neuter plural of adjectives, 289.b
Plūrālia tantum, 101
plūris Genitive of value, 417 and c
plus decl., 120 and c
comparative, 129
without quam, 407.c
poēma decl., 60.a
poenitet see paenitet
pondō defect., 103.b.5
pōnō w. Ablative, 430
por- prefix, 267.b
porticus gender, 90, Exceptions
portus decl., 92.c
Position expressed by ab and ex, 429.b
Position in Prosody, 11.b; 603.f
does not affect final vowel, 603.f, Note 1
posse as Future infinitive, 584.b
Possession how expressed, 302.a
Dative of, 373
compared w. Genitive, 373, Note
Possessive compounds, 265.a
Possessive genitive, 343 and 343.a-c
Dative of reference used instead, 377
Possessive pronouns, 145
agreement, 302
instead of Genitive, 302.a
special meanings, 302.b
omission, 302.c
used substantively, 302.d
w. Genitive in apposition, 302.e
used for Genitive, 343.a
for objective Genitive, 348.a
Possibility verbs of in apodosis, 517.c
possum in apodosis, 517.c
post adverbial use of, 433.1
with quam, 434
post, verb compounds w. with Dative, 370
postera defective, 111.b
comparative, 130.b
posterī, 130.b
posterior, 130.b
Postpositive conjunctions, 324.j
postquam (posteāquam) in temporal clauses, 543
postrēmō in enumerations, 322.d, Note
postrīdiē w. Genitive, 359.b
w. Accusative, 432.a
w. quam, 434
postulō ab, 396.a
postulō ut, 563
Potential mood how expressed in Latin, 157.b
Potential subjunctive, 445 - 447
potior (adjective) comparative, 130
potior (verb) w. Genitive, 357.a; 410.a
w. Ablative, 410
w. Accusative, 410, Note 1
gerundive, 503, Note 2
potis, pote, 122.b
potius comparative, 218.a
potuī w. Present infinitive, 486.a
Practice, verbs of, 263.b
prae, 220.b
use, 221.17
in compounds, 291.c, Note 1
in compounds, w. Dative, 370
in comparative, w. quam, 434
quantity of, in compouds, 603.b, Exception
praecēdō constr., 370
praecipiō constr., 563
Praenōmen, 108
abbreviations, 108.c
praepes decl., 121.b.1
praestōlor constr., 367.b
praesum w. Dative of gerund etc., 505
praeterit w. Accusative, 388.c
precī defective, 103.f.2
precor constr., 563
Predicate defined, 270
modified, 276
predicate noun or adjective, 272; 283
case, 284
predicate noun referring to two or more singular nouns, 284.a
agreement in, 287.1-3
in relative clause, 306
predicate adjective in neuter plural, 287.4.a
predicate adjective in relative clause, 307.f
predicate Genitive, 343.b-c
predicate Accusative, 392 - 393
adjective as predicate Accusative, 393, Note
predicate Accusative becomes predicate Nominative in the passive, 393.a
predicate use of participles, 496
Predicate noun or adjective after infinitve, 452, Note 2; 455.a and Note; 458; 581, Note 3
Prepositions, assimilation of, 16
defined, 20.f
derivation of, 219
list of prepositions. w. Accusative, 220.a
w. Ablative, 220.b
w. either, 220.c
idiomatic uses, 221
compounds w. verbs and adjectives, 267.a, c
noun w. preposition, instead of Objective Genitive, 348.c
in compounds w. verbs, w. Dative, 370; 381
Accusative in compounds, 395
w. Ablative of separation, 401
prepopsition omitted in relations of place, 427.1-2; 429 and a
use of, 220; 221; 429.b; 430; 432 - 435
prepositions following the noun, 435
usual position of, 599.d (See 338)
Present participle decl., 119
use, 158.a
Present stem how formed, 168; 174
from root, 176
Present subjunctive in -im, 183.2
Present tense w. iam diū etc., 466
conative, 467
for future, 468
historical, 469
annalistic, 469.a
w. dum, 556
in quotations, 465.a
Present infinitive w. potuī etc., 486.a
participle, 489 - 490; 492; 494; 496
Present infinitive in indirect discourse referring to past time, 584.a and Note
Preteritive verbs, 205, Note 2; 476
Preventing, verbs of, constr., 364, Note 2
Price Ablative or Genitive, 416
prīdiē, form, 98.b
w. Genitive, 359.b
w. Accusative, 432.a
w. quam, 434
Primary suffixes defined, 233
prīmipīlāris decl., 76.a.2
Primitive verbs, 256
prīmō, prīmum meanings, 322.d and Note
prīmōris defective, 122.c
prīmus form, 130, footnote 2
prīnceps decl., 121.a.4
Principal parts of verb, 172 - 173
prior comparative, 130.a
prius w. quam, 434
priusquam in temporal clause, 550 - 551
in indirect discourse, 585.b, Note
Privation expressed by Ablative, 400
prō, 220.b
use, 221.19
in compounds, w. Dative, 370
to express for, 379, Note
probō w. Dative, 368; 375.b, Note
procērus decl., 111.a, Note
procul w. Ablative, 432.c
prohibeō constr. of, 364, Note 2
Prohibitions, 450
in indirect discourse, 588, Note 2
Promising etc. verbs of, 580.c
as primary suffixes, 232
PRONOUNS defined, 20.c
personal, 142 - 143
reflexive, 144
Genitive, how used, 143.c; 302.a
demonstrative, 146
relative, 147
interrogative and indefinite, 148 - 151
pronoun contained in verb ending, 163, footnote 1; 271.a
personal, 295
demonstrative, 296 - 298
īdem, 298.a-b
ipse, 298.c-f
reflexive, 299
possessive, 302
relative, 303 - 308
indefinite, 309 - 314
pronouns. w. partitive Genitive, 346.a.1
relative in protasis, 519
position of pronouns, 598.e, l
Pronunciation, Roman method, 8
English method, 8, Note
prōnūntiō constr., 563
prope comparative, 130
use, 220.a
in apodosis, 517.b, Note 2
prope est ut, 568
Proper names, 108
Proper nouns, 20.a
properus decl., 111.a, Note
propinquus w. Genitive, 385.c
propior (propius) comparative, 130.a
constr., 432.a and Note
Proportional numerals, 139.a
Propriety, verbs of in apodosis, 517.c; 522.a
proprius w. Genitive, 385.c
position, 435
denoting motive, 404.b
PROSODY, 602
rules and definitions, 603 - 606
prosper (-us) decl., 111.a
prōspiciō w. Dative or Accusative, 367.c
Protasis (see Conditional Sentences), 512 ff.
loose use of tenses in English, 514.c, Note
relative in protasis, 519
temporal particles in, 542
antequam, priusquam, in, 551.c, Note 2
protasis in indirect discourse, 589.1
Protecting, verbs of constr., 364, Note 2
prōvideō w. Dative or Accusative, 367.c
Proviso, subjunctive used in, 528.a-b
introduced by modo etc., 528
hortatory subjunctive expressing, 528.a
subjunctive w. ut (or nē), 528.b
characteristic clause expressing, 535.d
proximē constr., 432.a
proximus constr., 432.a
-pse, -pte (enclitic), 143.d, Note; 145.a; 146, Notes 7-8
pudet, 208.b
constr., 354.b-c, and Note
pulcher decl., 112.a
Punishment Ablative of, 353.1
Purpose Dative of, 382
infinitive of, 460
expressed by gerundive after certain verbs, 500.4
by gerund or gerundive as predicate Genitive, 504.a, Note 1
ways of expressing, 533
clauses of, 279.d
defined and classified, 529 ff.
use of quō in, 531.a
main clause omitted, 532
nēdum, 532.a, Notes 1-2
substantive clauses of, used after certain verbs, 563
of wishing, 563.b
of permitting, 563.c
of determining, 563.d
of caution etc., 563.e
of fearing, 564
Purpose or end Dative of, 382
puter decl., 115.a
Q
quā . . . quā, 323.f
quadrupēs decl., 121.b.1
quae res (or id quod), 307.d
quaerō constr. (ex or dē), 396.a
w. subjunctive, 563
quaesō conjugation, 206.e
quālis, 151.i
Qualities (abstract), gender, 32
Qualities of an object compared, 292
Quality adjectives of, 251
to denote indefinite value, 417 and a
Ablative of, 415 (cf. 345, Note)
quam, derivation of, 215.2
with superlative, 291.c
w. comparative and positive or w. two positives, 292.a, Note
correlative w. tam, 323.g
w. comparative, 407.a, e
after alius, 407.a
w. comparative of adverbs, 434
w. ante, post, 434
w. subjunctive after comparative, 535.c
followed by result clause, 571.a
in indirect questions, 575.d
in indirect discourse, 581, Note 2; 583.c
quam diū, 555, Note 2
quam ob causam, 398
quam quī, quam ut w. subjunctive, 535.c
quam sī, 524
quamquam, use, 527.d
introducing a proposition = span class="gloss" style="font-style: italic;">and yet, 527.d, Note
w. subjunctive, 527.e
quamvīs, use, 527.a
subjunctive or indicative w., 440, Note; 527.a, e
quandō (interrogative), derivation and meaning, 215.6; 539
causal (since), 540.a and Note
indefinite, 540.a and Note
temporal, 542
quantī Genitive of price, 417
Quantity Genitive of adjectives of, denoting price, 417
Quantity in Prosody marks of, 10.e
nature of, 602
final syllables, 604
Perfect and Perfect participles, 605
derivatives, 606
quantō w. tantō, 414.a
quantum (with mīrum) in indirect questions, 575.d
quantus, 151.i
quasi with primary tenses, 524, Note 2
quassō (intensive), 263.2
-que (enclitic), added to indefinites, 151.g
as conjuction, use, 323.c.3; 324.a
quantity, 604.a.1
queō (defective), 206.d
quēs old Nominative plural, 150.c
Questions, direct, in indicative, 157.a; 330 - 335
double questions, 334
question and answer, 336
result clause in exclamatory questions, 462.a
mood in indirect question, 574
in indirect discourse, 586
in informal indirect discourse, 592.1
quī (adverbial), 150.b
quī (relative), decl., 147; (interrog. and indef.), 148 and b
in compounds, 151
quī = ut is w. subjunctive, 531.2, Note; 537.2
quī causal and concessive, 535.e
quia derivation etc., 539
use, 540, Note 1
causal, 540, Note 1
w. verbs of feeling, 572.b
in intermediate clauses, 592.3
quīcum, 150.b
quīcumque decl., 151.a
quid in exclamations, 397.d, Note 1
quīdam decl., 151.c
meaning of, 310
w. ex, 346.c
quidem, use, 322.e
w. is or īdem, 298.a
position of, 599.b
quīlibet decl., 151.c
use, 312
quīn w. indicative equivalent to command, 449.b
in result clause (= quī nōn), 558 - 559
w. verbs of hindering, 558
nōn dubitō quīn, 558.a
quīnquātrūs gender, 90
plural only, 101.2
quippe w. relative clause, 535.e, Note 1
w. cum, 549, Note 1
Quirītēs, 101.3
quis decl., 148 - 149
distinguished from quī in use, 149.b and Note
compounds of (aliquis etc.), 151.d-f; 310 and b
quis w. sī, num, nē, 310.a
indefinite use of, 310
quis est quī, 535.a
quīs Dative or Ablative plural, 150.c
quisnam, 148.e
quispiam, 151.d
use of, 310 and b
quisquam decl., 151.d
use, 311 - 312
quisque form and decl., 151.g
use in general assertions, 313
in dependent clause, 313.a
w. superlative, 313.b
w. plural verb, 317.e
quisquis decl., 151.b
quīvīs decl., 151.c
use, 312
quo- stems in, 46, Note 2
quō approaching Ablative of cause, 414.a, Note
quō in final clauses (= ut eō) w. subjunctive, 531.a
nōn quō, 540, Note 3
quō . . . eō, 414.a
to denote degree of difference, 414.a
quoad (intention etc.), 553
(fact), 554
(as long as), 555
quod for id quod, 307.d, Note
quod (conj.), 540, Note 1
mood with, 540
in indirect discourse, 540.b
substantive clause with, 572
as Accusative of specification, 572.a
w. verbs of feeling, 572.b
quod in intermediate clauses, 592.3 and Note
quod sciam (proviso), 535.d
quom (see cum), 6.b; 539, Note
quōminus (= ut eō minus), w. verbs of hindering, 558.b
quoniam, origin, 539
meaning and use, 540.1, Note 1 and a
quoque use, 322.a
position, 599.b
quot,indeclinable, 122.b
correlative, 152
Quotation, forms of w. apud and in, 428.d, Note 2
direct and indirect, 578
quotus quisque, 313.b, Note 2
quu- (cu-), 6.b
quum (conjunction), 6.b (see cum)
R
R substituted for s between two vowels, 15.4 and Note
r- in adjective stems, 117.a
rr- in noun stems, 62, Note 1
rādīx decl., 57
rāstrum plural in -a and -ī, 106.b
ratiōne as Ablative of manner, 412.b
ratus as Present participle, 491
rāvis decl., 75.a.2
re- or red- (prefix), 267.b
reāpse, 146, Note 7
Receiving, verbs of w. gerundive, 500.4
Reciprocal (each other), how expressed, 145.c; 301.f
recordor w. Accusative, 350.d
w. Genitive, 350.d, Note
w. dē, 350.d, Note
rēctum est ut, 568
red- see re-
list of verbs, 211.b
lost in fidī etc., 211.f, footnote 3
rule for quantity, 605.a
Reference, object of, 349
Reference, pronouns of, 297.f
commonly omitted, 297.f, Note
Dative of, 376
Genitive of specification, 349.d
rēfert w. Genitive or possessive adjective, 355 and a
other construction, 355.b
Reflexive pronouns, 144
Syntax of, 298.a, Note 2; 299 - 301
of 1st and 2nd persons, 298.a
Reflexive verbs (deponent or passive), 190.e; 208.d, Note
use of passive, 156.a
w. object Accusative, 397.c
Refusing verbs. of, w. quōminus, 558.b
Relationship, nouns of, 244
Relative adverbs used correlatively, 152
demonstrative for relative, 308.b
used to connect independent sentences, 308.f
referring to Locative, 308.g
= pronoun w. preposition, 321.a
used in relative clauses of purpose, 531.2
result, 537.2
Relative clauses defined, 279.a
w. relative adverbs, 308.i
conditional, 519
final, 531 - 533
characteristic, 535
consecutive, 537
causal, 540.c
temporal, 541 - 542
relative clauses in indirect discourse 591
position of relative clause, 599.e
Relative pronouns decl., 147
forms, how distinguished from interrogative and indefinite, 148. b and Note
compounds of, 151; 310 and a-b
syntax, 303 - 308
rules of agreement, 305 - 306
w. two antecedents, 305.a
relative in agreement w. apposition etc., 306
use of the antecedent, 307
special uses of relative, 308
never omitted in Latin, 308.a
relatives as connectives, 308.f
person of verb agreeing w., 316.a
Ablative of relative after comparative, 407.a, Note 3
position, 599.e
relinquitur ut, 568
reliquum est ut, 568
reliquus, use, 293
reliquī, use, 315
-rem verb ending, 168.f
Remembering, verbs of w. Accusative or Genitive, 350
w. infinitive, 456
Reminding, verbs of constr., 351
reminīscor w. Accusative or Genitive, 350.c
Removing, verbs of w. Ablative, 401
Repeated action as general condition, 518.c
repetundārum, 352.a
Repraesentātiō, 469, Note
in indirect discourse, 585.b and Note
rēs decl., 96
Resisting, verbs of, constr., 367; 558
Resolving, verbs of constr. (subjunctive or infinitive), 563.d
restat w. ut, 569.2
restis decl., 75.b
Restriction in subjunctive clause, 535.d
Result, clauses of, 279.e; 534
sequence of tenses in, 279.e
infinitive of, 461.a
subjunctive w. relatives or ut, 537
negative result w. ut nōn etc., 537.a; 538
result clause equivalent to proviso, 537.b
w. quīn, 558
w. quōminus, 558.b
substantive clauses of result after faciō etc., 568
as subject, 569
in apposition w. noun, 570
as predicate Nominative, 571
after quam, 571.a
tantum abest ut, 571.b
thought as result, 571.c
Result, nouns denoting, 239
rēte decl., 76.a.3
rex decl., 57
Rhetorical questions in indirect discourse, 586
Rhotacism, 15.4
ri- adjective stems in, 115.a
rītū Ablative of manner, 412.b
rīvālis decl., 76.b.2
Rivers gender of names of, 31.1 and a
ro- (rā-) primary suffix, 234.II.9
rostems 2nd decl., 45.b
adjective stems, 111 - 112
rogō constr. of, 396 and b, Note and 396.c, Note 2
w. subjunctive, 563
Roman method of pronunciation, 8
consciousness of roots lost in Latin, 25, Note
of verbs, 117.1
noun stem treated as root, 176.d
roots ending in vowel, 176.e
root used as stem, 176.d, Note 1 and e; 231
rōs decl., 103.g.2
rr- as stem ending, 62, Note 1
rt- stems in, decl., 121.a.4
ruber decl., 112.a
rūs decl., 103.g.1
constr., 427.1-2.a
S
S changed to r, 15.4 and Note; 62, Note 2
substituted for d or t, 15.5
s as stem ending, 79.e
of adjectives, 119, Note
of comparatives, 120.b
of Perfect stem, 177.b
list of verbs of 3rd conjugation, w. Perfect in s, 211.a
s suppressed in verb forms, 181.b, Note 2
-s as sign of Nominative, 45 - 46; 56; 95; 117.a, 338
-s omitted in inscriptions, 46, Note 1
-s, noun ending, 3rd decl., gender, 86
sacer decl., 112.a
compounds, 131.a
saepe comparative, 218.a
sāl decl., 103.g.2
Salamis decl., 83.a
salūber decl., 115.a
salūtem, 397.d, Note 2
salvē defect., 206.g
sānē quam, 575.d
Sanskrit forms see 25, footnote 2; 170.b, Note
sapiēns decl., 76.b.2
satiās decl., 98.d
satis comparative, 218.a
compounds of, w. Dative, 368.2
nōn satis, 291.c, Note 2
satis est (strong>satis habeō), w. Perfect infinitive, 486.f
satur Genitive of, 50.b
decl., 111.a
comparative, 131.b
Saying, verbs of, constr., 459
in passive, 582
sc preceding stem vowel of verb, 176.b.1
scaber decl., 112.a
scīlicet derivation, 216, Note
scīn contracted form for strong>scīsne, 13, Note
sciō imperative of, 449.a
Scīpiadēs, 44.b, Note
scīscō constr., 563
scitō, scītïte imperative forms, 182.a; 449.a
-scō (inceptive), verbs ending in, 263.1
sē- or sēd- inseparable prefix, 267.b
sē reflexive, decl., 144.b
use, 299 - 301
inter sē, 145.c
Second Conjugation principal parts, 173
Present stem, how formed, 176.a
formation of, 179.b
paradigm, 185
verbs of, 210
from noun stems, 260
Second Declension nouns, 45 - 47
accent of Genitive and Vocative of nouns in -ius, 12, Exception 2
Secondary object, 394
Secondary suffixes defined, 232
Secondary tenses, 482.2
rule for use of, 483
Perfect definite more commonly secondary, 485.a
Perfect subjunctive in clauses of result used after, 485.c
historical Present, 485.e
Imperfect and Pluperfect subjunctive, 485.g-h
Present used as if secondary, by synesis, 485.i
secundum preposition, 220.a
use, 221.21
secundus derivation, 132, footnote
secus (adverb) comparative, 218.a
secus, indeclinable noun, 103.a
use, 397.a
secūtus (as Present participle), 491
sed- see sē-
sed compared with vērum etc., 324.d
sēdēs decl., 78.1
sedīle decl., 69
Selling, verbs of, 417.c
Semi-deponents, 192
sēminecī defective, 122.c
Semi-vowels i and v (u), 5
senātī, senātuos forms of Genituve in 4th decl., 92.a, e
senex decl., 79 and c
adjective masculine, 122.d
comparison, 131.c
Sentence development, 268
defined, 269
simple or compound, 278
incomplete, 318 - 319
Separation, Dative of, after compounds of ab, dē, ex, and a few of ad, 381
Ablative of, 400
Genitive for Ablative, 356, Note; 357.b.3
Sequence of tenses, 482 - 485
in indirect discourse, 585
in conditional sentences in indirect discourse, 589.b
sequester decl., 105.b
sequitur w. ut, 569.2
sequor conjugation, 190
sērā nocte, 293, Note
seriēs decl., 98.a
Service, adjectives of w. Dative, 384
Service, Dative of, 382, Note 1
Serving, verbs of w. Dative, 367
servus (servos) decl., 46
sēstertium, sēstertius, 632 - 634
how written in cipher, 635
Sharing, adjectives of w. Genitive, 349.a
Should (auxiliary) how expressed in Latin, 157.b, footnote 6
Showing, verbs of w. two Accusatives, 393
sī, 511
w. subjunctive of wish, 442.a and Note 1
sī and its compounds, use, 512.a, Note; 525
sī nōn distinguished from nisi, 525.a.1
mīror sī, 572.b, Note
sī = whether, 576.a
Sibilants, 4
sīc, correlative, w. strong>ut, 323.g; 537.2, Note 2
w. sī, 512.b
siem (sim), 170.b, Note
Significant endings, 235 - 253
Signs of mood and tense, 169, footnote
silentiō without preposition, 412.b
-silis, adjective ending, 252
silvester decl., 115.a
-sim old form of Perfect subjunctive, 183.3
similis comparison, 126
w. Genitive and Dative, 385.c.2
similiter use, 384, Note 2
Simple sentences, 278.1
simul, simul atque (>ac), 543
simul . . . simul, 323.f
simul w. Ablative, 432.c
sīn, 512.a, Note
Singular, nouns defective in, 103.f
Singulāria tantum, 99
sinister decl., 112.a
sinō constr., 563.c
-siō noun ending, 238.b
-sis- dropped in Perfect, 181.b, Note 2
sīve (seu) . . . sīve use, 324.f; 525.c
Smell, verbs of w. Accusative, 390.a
-sō old form of Future Perfect, 183.3
-sō, verbs in, 263.2
socrus gender, 90, Exceptions
sōdēs (sī audēs), 13, Note; 192.a
sōl decl., 103.g.2
soleō semi-deponent, 192
solitō w. comparatives, 406.a
solitus as Present participle, 491
sōlus decl., 113
w. relative clause of characteristic, 535.b
Sonants, 3
sōns as participle of esse, 170.b
-sor see -tor
Sōracte decl., 76.b, Note 2
sordem defective, 103.f.3
-sōria noun ending, 254.4
-sōrium, noun ending, 254.5
-sōrius, adjective ending, 250.a
Sōspita feminine adjective form, 121.e
Sounds see Pronunciation
Source expressed by Ablative, 403
Space extent of, expressed by Accusative, 425
Sparing, verbs of, with Dative, 367
spē w. comparatives, 406.a
Special verb forms, 181 - 182
speciēs decl., 98.a
Specification Genitive of, w. adjectives, 349.d
Accusative of, 397.b and Note
Ablative of, 418
specus gender, 90, Exceptions
Spelling variations of, 6
spēs, 98.a and footnote
Spirants, 4
spontis, -e, defective, 103.c.2
statuō w. verbs of placing, 430
w. infinitive or subjunctive, 563.d
Statutes Future imperative in, 449.2
ste for iste etc., 146, Note 5
stella decl., 41
Stem building, 25, Note
Stems, defined, 24
classified, 229
how formed from root, 26; 230 - 232
how found in nouns, 37.a
ā-stems, 1st decl., 40; adjectives, 110
o-stems, 2nd decl., 45; adjectives, 110
in 3rd decl., mute stems, 56 - 60
liquid and nasal stems, 61 - 64
mixed i-stems, 70 - 72
u-stems, 4th decl., 88 - 89
in tu-, 94
of verb, 165.1
Present, Perfect, and supine, 164
Present stem, how formed, 175 - 176
Perfect stem, 177
supine stem, 178
Tenses arranged by stems, synopsis, 180
stō w. Ablative, 431
strigilis decl., 76.b.1
strix decl., 71.6
Structure of Latin sentences, 600 - 601
struēs decl., 78.2
studeō w. Dative, 368.3
suādeō w. Dative, 367
sub- in compounds, w. adjectives, 267.d.1; 291.c, Note 2
w. verbs, 267.a and 267.d, Note
in compounds., w. Dative, 370
of time, 424.e
subeō w. Accusative, 370.b
Subject, 268
defined, 270
how expressed, 271 and a
modified, 276
verb agrees w., 316
two or more subjects, 317
subject omitted, 318
Accusative, 459
in indirect discourse, 580
position of subject, 596
Subject clauses (infinitive), 452.1
(subjunctive), 566; 567; 569; 571.b
Subjective Genitive, defined, 343, Note 1
use, 343
Subjunctive mood, 154.b
how used and translated, 157.b, footnote 6
tenses how used, 162
vowel of Present subjunctive, 179.a.1, 179.b.1, 179.c.1, 179.d
Classification of uses, 438
hortatory subjunctive, 439 - 440
optative subjunctive, 441 - 442
deliberative, 443 - 444
potential subjunctive, 445 - 446
subjunctive of modesty, 447
tenses of subjunctive, 480 - 485
dependent clauses, 481
subjunctive in indirect discourse, 580
in informal indirect discourse, 592
of integral part, 593
subolēs decl., 78.2
Subordinate clauses defined, 278.b
in indirect discourse, 579 - 593
Subordinate conjunctions, 223.b; 224.II.a-f
Substance Genitive of, 344
Ablative of, 403
Substantive clauses, 560 - 572
nature and classes of, 560 (cf. 561 - 562)
clauses of purpose, 563 - 566
of result, 567 - 571
indicative w. quod, 572
indirect questions, 573 - 576
adjective w. substantive clauses, 289.d
infinitive clauses, 452
Substantive use of adjectives, 288
of possessive pronouns, 302.d
Substantive verb (esse), 272; 284.b
suētus w. infinitive, 460.b
Suffixes, 232
primary, list of, 233 - 234
suī decl., 144.b
use, 299 - 300
w. Genitive of gerund, 504.c
sum conjunction, 170
as copula, 284
as substantive verb, 284.b
omitted, 319.b
w. Dative of possession, 373
summus form, 130.a, footnote 2
top of, 293
sunt quī, 535.a
suovetaurīlia, 265.1
supellēx decl., 79.c
in compounds, 267.a
in compounds, w. Dative, 370
supera defective, 111.b (cf. 130.a, Note 2)
compound, 130.b
superī, 130
superior comparative, 130.b
Superlative suffix, 124, footnote
in -rimus, 125
of adjectives in -lis, 126
w. maximē, 128
takes gender of partitive, 286.b, Note
of eminence, 291.b
w. quam, vel, or ūnus, 291.c
denoting order, succession, 293
w. quisque, 313.b
superstes decl., 121.a.4
Supine noun of 4th decl., 94.b; 159.b
stem, 164.3
formation, 178; 179.a-d (cf. 164, footnote)
irregular forms of, 1st conjugation, 209
2nd conjugation, 210
allied with forms in -tor, 236.a, Note 1
Supine in -um, use of, 509
in -ū, 510
as Ablative of specification, 510, Note 1
supplex decl., 121.b.1
supplicō w. Dative, 368.3
-sūra noun ending, 238.b
Surds, 3
-suriō verbs in, 263.4
-sus phonetic form of -tus, 94
noun ending, 238.b
sūs decl., 79 and a
suus, use, 299
Swearing, verbs of, constr., 388.d; 580.c
Syllables rules for division of, 7
open etc., 7, Note 2
long and short, 603.e-f and notes
Synæresis, 603.c, Note; 603.f, Note 4
Synchysis, 598.h
see Rhetorical Figures, Glossary
Syncope see Grammatical Terms, Glossary
Synecdoche, defined, see Rhetorical Figures, Glossary
Synecdochical acc., 397.b
Synesis defined, 280.a
in gender and number, 280.b
in sequence of tenses, 485.i
Synopsis of tenses (amō), 180
of impersonal verbs, 207
Syntactic compounds, 267
historical development of, 268
Important rules of Syntax, 594
T
t preceding stem vowel of verb, 176.b.1
t- (s-), supine stem ending, 178, 179.a.2, 179.b.2, 179.c.2, 179.d
taedet impersonal, 208.b
constr., 354.b-c and Note
taeter decl., 112.a
Taking away, verbs of, 381
Talent, value of, 637
tālis ut etc., 537, Note 2
tam correlative w. quam, 323.g
correlative w. ut, 537, Note 2
tamen as correlative, 527.c
position of, 324.j
tametsī concessive use, 527.c and Note 1
tamquam in conditional clauses, 524
w. primary tenses, 524, Note 1
tandem in questions, 333.a and Note
tantī Genitive of value, 417 and c
tantī est ut, 568
tantō following quantō, 414.a
tantum w. subject of proviso, 528
tantum abest ut, 571.b
tantus ut, 537, Note 2
-tās, -tia noun endings, 241
Taste, verbs of, w. Accusative, 390.a
-te (enclitic), 143.d and Note
Teaching, verbs of (two Accusatives), 396
tegō conjugation, 186
Telling, verbs of, constr., 459
Temporal clauses defined, 279.b; 541 - 556
as protasis, 542
w. postquam etc., 543
w. cum, 544 - 549
w. antequam and priusquam, 550 - 551
w. dum, dōnec, quoad, 552 - 556
replaced by Ablative Absolute, 420
Temporal numerals, 139.b
conjunctions, 224.II.d
tempus est abīre, 504, Note 2
Tendency adjectives denoting, 251
tener decl., 111.a
TENSES, 154.c
of passive voice, 156
of participles, 158
classification, meaning, and use, 160 - 162
of the indicative, 160 - 161
of the subjunctive, 162
endings, 166
of completed action, formation of, 179.f-g
synopsis of, 180
classified, 464
Present tense, 465 - 469
Imperfect, 470 - 471
Future, 472
of Completed action, 473 - 478
Epistolary tenses, 479
of subjunctive, 480 - 481
sequence of, 482 - 485
tenses of the infinitive, 486
tense emphatic, 598.d.(3)
tenses of infinitive in indirect discourse, 584
tenses of subjunctive in indirect discourse, 585
affected by repraesentātiō, 585.b and Note
in condition in indirect discourse, 589
Notes on origin of syntax, 436, 464
tenus constr., w. Genitive, 359.b
w. Ablative, 221.26
ter- (tor-, tēr-, tōr-, tr-) primary suffix, 234.II.15
-ter adverb ending, 214.b-c
Terence, absque mē etc., 517.f
teres decl., 121.a.3
comparative, 131.b
-terior ending, 130
Terminations of inflection meaning of, 21.b
terminations of nouns, 39
of verbs, 166 (see Endings)
-ternus as adjective ending, 250
terrā marīque, 427.a
terrester decl., 115.a
-terus ending, 130
Than, how expressed, 406
That of not expressed in Latin, 297.f, Note
The as correlative, 414.a and footnote
Thematic verbs, 174.1
Thematic vowel e/o, 174.2.1
Thinking, verbs of, constr. w. Accusative and infinitive, 459
Third conjugation, of verbs, principal parts, 173
Present stem, how formed, 176
paradigm, 186
in -iō, paradigm, 188
list of verbs, w. principal parts, 211
derivation of verbs in -uō, 261
Third declension of nouns, 53 - 87
peculiar forms, 79
Locative, 80
Greek nouns, 81 - 83
rules of gender, 84 - 87
Though see Although
Thought considered as result, 571.c
Threatening verbs of, 367; 580.c
ti- primary suffix, 234.II.2
-tia (-tiēs) noun ending, 241
-ticus adjective ending, 247
tigris decl., 82
-tilis adjective ending, 252
-tim adverbs in, 75.a.3; 215.2
Time (see Temporal Clauses), 465 ff.; 481; 545 - 546
Time Ablative Absolute to denote, 419, 420.1
time when, 423
duration of time, 424.b
time during or within which, w. ordinal, 424.c
distance of time, 424.f
corresponding to English place, 424.d
Time adverbs of, 217.b
Time mode of reckoning, 630
timeō w. Dative or Accusative, 367.c
w. subjunctive, 564
-timus adjective ending, 130.a, footnote 2; 250
-tiō noun ending, 233.2; 238.b
-tiō (-siō), -tūra, -tūs (-tūtis) noun endings, 238.b
-tium noun ending, 241.b, Note
-tīvus verbal adjective ending, 251
to- (tā-) primary suffix, 234.II.1
-tō, -itō intensive or iterative verbs in, 263.2
Too . . . to, 535.c, Note
-tor (-sor), -trīx nouns of agency in, 236.a
used as adjectives, 321.c
-tōria noun ending, 254.4
-tōrium noun ending, 233.2; 254.5
-tōrius adjective ending, 233.2
as noun ending, 250.a
tot indeclinable, 122.b
correlative, 152
totidem indeclinable, 122.b
tōtus decl., 113
nouns w., in Ablative without preposition (place where), 429.2
Towns, names of gender, 32 and a; 48, Exceptions
names of towns in -e, decl., 76, Note 2
Locative of, 427.3
as place from which, 427.1
as place to which, 427.2
tr- stems in (pater etc.), 61.4
trāiciō constr., 395, Notes 1, 3
trāiectus lōra, 395, Note 3
trāns, 220.a
use, 221.27
compounds of, w. Accusative, 388.b
w. two Accusatives, 395
absolute use, 273, Note 2
how translated, 274.b
w. Dative, 362
Transposition of vowels, 177.a, Note
Trees, names of gender, 32
trēs decl., 134.b
tri- stem ending of nouns, 66
of adjectives, 115.a
Tribe Ablative of, 403.a, Note 3
tribūlis decl., 76.a.2
tribus gender, 90, Excecptions
decl., 92.c
tridēns decl., 76.b.2
Triptotes, 103.d
trirēmis decl., 76.b.2
-tris adjective ending, 250
triumphō w. Ablative, 404.a
-trīx see -tor
tro- primary suffix, 234.16
-trō adverbs in, 215.4
-trum, noun ending, 240
Trusting, verbs of constr., 367
tu- primary suffix, 234.II.3
-tū, -sū supine endings, 159.b
tū decl., 143 (see tūte, tūtimet)
-tūdō, -tūs noun endings, 241
tulī (tetulī), 200
derivation, 200, footnote 1
quantity, 605, Exceptions
-tum, -sum supine endings, 159.b
tum, tunc meaning, 217.b
correlative w. cum, 323.g
tum . . . tum, 323.f
-tūra, -tūs noun ending, 238.b
-turiō, desiderative verbs in, 263.4
-turnus adjective ending, 250
-tus adjective ending, 246
-tus adverb ending, 215.6
tussis decl., 75.a.2
tūte, 143.d
tūtimet, 143.d
Two Accusatives, 391
Two Datives, 382.1
U
U (v) as consonant, 5
after g, q, s, 5, Note 2
not to follow u or v, 6.a-b
u for e in 3rd conjugation, 179.c.1
u- primary suffix, 234.I.3
u-stems of nouns, 3rd decl., 79 and a
4th decl., 88
ūber decl., 119
ubi derivation, 215.5
in temporal clauses, 542 - 543
-ubus in Dative and Ablative plural, 4th decl., 92.c
-uis (-uos) in Genitive, 4th decl., 92.e
-ūlis adjective ending, 248
ūllus decl., 113
use, 311 - 312
ulterior comparative, 130.a
ultrā, 220.a
use, 221.28
following noun, 435
-ulus diminutive ending, 243
verbal adjective ending, 251
-um for -ārum, 43.d
for -ōrum, 49.d
-um in Genitive plural of personal pronouns, 295.b
-um for -ium, 3rd decl., 78
in Genitive plural of adjectives, 121.b
for -uum, 4th decl., 92.b
Undertaking, verbs of w. gerundive, 500.4
ūnt-stem ending, 83.e
ūnus decl., 113
meaning, 134.a
w. superlative, 291.c
ūnus quī w. subjunctive, 535.b
ūnus quisque decl., 151.g
use, 313
uo- suffix, see vo-
-uō verbs in, 261
-uos, see -uis
-ur nouns in, 87
urbs decl., 72
use in relations of place, 428.b
Urging, verbs of with ut, 563
-uriō desiderative verbs in, 263.4
-urnus adjectives ending, 250
-ūrus Future participle in, 158.b; 498
in indirect questions, 575.a
-ūrus fuisse, in indirect discourse, 589.b.3
-us Nominative ending, in 2nd decl., 46
-us for -er in Greek nouns, 2nd decl., 52.b
-us Nominative ending in 3rd decl., 63, Exception 2
gender, 87
4th decl., 88
gender, 90
neuter ending, 238.a
-ūs Greek Nominative ending, 83.e
Use, adjectives of constr., 385.a
ūsque w. Accusative, 432.b
ūsus (need) w. Ablative, 411
ut (utī) correlative w. ita, sīc, 323.g
to denote concession, 440; 527.a
ut (as) w. indicative equivalent to concession, 527.f
w. optative subjunctive, 442.a
used elliptically in exclamations, 462.a
in clauses of purpose, 531
ut nē, 531; 563.e, Note 2
ut nōn, 531.1, Note 2
of result, 537
ut nōn etc., 538
ut temporal, 542 - 543
verbs followed by clauses w. ut, 563; 568
omission after certain verbs, 565 and notes; 569.2, Note 2
w. verbs of fearing, 564 and Note
ut, utpote, quippe w. relative clause, 535.e, Note 1
w. cum, 549, Note 1
ut prīmum 543
ut semel 543
ut sī constr., 524
ūter decl., 66
uterque form and decl., 151.g
use, 313
constr. in agreement and as partitive, 346.d
ūtilis w. Dative of gerund etc., 505.a
utinam, w. subjunctive of wish, 442
ūtor etc. w. Ablative, 410
w. Accusative, 410.a, Note 1
gerundive use of, 500.3; 503, Note 2
utpote quī, 535.e, Note 1
utrum ... an, 335 and d
-ūtus, adjective ending, 246
-uus, verbal adjective ending, 251
V
V (u), 1.b; 5 and Note 1
suffix of Perfect, 177.a; 179.a.2; 179.b 2; 179.d
suppressed in Perfect, 181
list of verbs in 3rd conjugation w. v in Perfect, 211.c
v often ommitted in Perfect of eō and its compounds, 203.b
vafer decl., 112.a
comparative, 131.a
valdē use, 291.c, Note 1
valdē quam, 575.d
Value Genitive of indefinite, 417
Value, measures of, 632 - 638
vannus gender, 48, Exceptions
vāpulō neutral passive, 192.b
Variable nouns, 104 - 106 (cf. 98.c-d)
adjectives, 122.a
Variations see Phonetic Variations
Variations of spelling, 6
văs decl., 103.g.2
vātēs decl., 78.1
-ve, vel use, 324.e; 335.d, Note
vel (see -ve), w. superlative, 291.c
Velars, 4
velim, vellem subjunctive of modesty, 447.1, Note
velim, vellem w. subjunctive (= optative), 442.b; (= imperative), 449.c
velut, velut sī, 524
vēneō (vēnum eō), 192.b; 428.i
vēnerat = aderat, 476
Verba sentiendī et dēclārandī, 397.e; 459; 579
passive use of, 582
in poets and later writers, 582, Note
Verbal adjectives, 251 - 253
in -āx, w. Genitive, 349.c
Verbal nouns w. Dative, 367.d
Verbal nouns and adjectives w. reflexive, 301.d
Verbal roots, 228.1
VERBS defined, 20.d
inflection, 153 - 154
noun and adjective forms of, 155
signification of forms, 156 - 162
personal endings, 163
the three stems, 164
forms of the verb, 164 - 166 (notes on origin and history of verb forms, 164, footnote; 168; 169)
table of endings, 166
influence of imitation, 169, footnote
the four conjugations, 171 - 173
principle parts of, 172
mixed verbs, 173.a
deponents, 190 - 191
semi-deponents, 192
periphrastic forms, 193 - 196
defective, 205 - 206
impersonal, 207 - 208
Classified lists of verbs, 209 - 212
Derivation of verbs, 256 - 263
compound verbs, 267
vowels in compound verbs, 267.a, Note 2
VERBS, Syntax Subject implied in ending, 271.a
rules of agreement, 316 - 319
verb omitted, 319
Cases w. verbs, see under Accusative etc.
Position of verb, 596; 598.d; 598.j (See under the names of the Moods etc.)
vereor w. Genitive, 357.b.1
w. subjunctive, 564
veritus as Present participle, 491
in answers, 336.a.1
position of, 599.b
versus position of, 599.d
vertō constr., 417.b
verū gender, 91
vērum or vērō use, 324.d, j
vescor w. Ablative, 410
w. Accusative, 410.a, Note 1
gerundive, 500.3; 503, Note 2
vesper decl., 50.b
vesperī (Locative), 50.b; 427.a
vestrī as objective Genitive, 143.c; 295.b
vestrum as partitive Genitive, 143.b; 295.b (cf. Note 2)
vetō w. Accusative and infinitive, 563.a
comparative, 125
viā Ablative of manner, 412.b
vicem adverbial use of, 397.a
vīcīnus w. Genitive, 385.c
vicis decl., 103.h.1
vidēlicet derivation, 216
videō ut, 563
videor w. Dative, 375.b
vīn’ (vīsne), 13, Note
virgō decl., 62
vīrus gender of, 48.a
vīs stem, 71.6
decl., 79
viscera, 101, Note 1
vīsō, 263.4, Note
vo- (vā-) primary suffix, 234.II.8
vōcālis decl., 76.b.2
VOCATIVE defined, 35.f
form, 38.a
in -ī of nouns in -ius, 2nd decl., 49.c
of Greek nouns, 49.c, Note
of adjectives in -ius, 110.a
Syntax, 340
middle voice, 156.a, Note; 163, footnote 2; 190.e
volō and compounds, conjugation 199
participle of, w. Dative of the person judging, 378, Note
w. infinitive, 456 and Note
w. Perfect active infinitive in prohibitions, 486.c
w. Perfect participle, 486.d and Note; 497.c, Note
w. subjunctive or infinitive, 563.b
volucer decl., 115.a
volucris decl., 78
-volus adjective in, comparative, 127
vōs, 143 and a
voster etc. see vester
vōtī damnātus, 352.a
Vowel changes, 15.1-3
vowel variations, 17
Vowel roots of verbs, 179.a-c
Vowel stems of verbs, 259 - 262
Vowel suffixes (primary), 234.I
Vowels, 1
pronunciation, 8
long and short, 10
contraction, 15.3
quantity of final vowels in case-endings, 38.g
vowel modified in noun stems, 3rd decl., 56.a
lengthened in root, 177.d; 231.b
list of verbs w. vowel lengthening in Perfect, 3rd conjugation, 211.e
vulgus (volgus) gender, 48.a
-vus, verbal adj. ending, 251
W
W not in Latin alphabet, 1
sound of, 1.b, Note
Want, words of w. Ablative, 401
w. Genitive, 356
Way by which (Ablative), 429.a
Weight, measures of, 637
Whole Genitive of, 346
numbers expressing the whole, 346.e
Wills Future imperative in, 449.2
Winds gender of names of, 31
Wish expressed by subjv., 441
as a condition, 521.b
wish in informal indirect discourse, 592.1
Wishing, verbs of w. infinitive, 486.d (cf. 457)
w. substantive clause of purpose, 563.b
w. Accusative and infinitive, 563.b
Without w. verbal noun, 496, Note 3
Women, names of, 108.b and footnote
Would (English auxiliary), how expressed in Latin, 157.b
XYZ
X Nominative ending, 56
gender, 86
x from s, in verbs, 211.a
Y of Greek origin, 1, Note 1
Year, 630
months of, 630 - 631
date, 424.g
-y e/o- suffix, 174
Yes in Latin, 336
yo- (yā-) primary suffix, 234.II.11
-ys Nominative ending, 82
quantity, 604.i
Z of Greek origin, 1.a, Note