1.18

ἐστήσαμεν: aor. act. of ἵστημι, “we set up.”

δύο τρόπαια: “two trophies.” Trophies were piles of weapons that marked the turning point (τρόπος) of the battle.

ἄρτι δὲ τούτων γινομένων: "just when these things were happening," (S. 2058 and 2070; G. 589 and 590).

ἠγγέλλοντο...προσελαύνοντες: impf. pass. of ἀγγέλλω with a supplementary part., "they were reported...to be advancing" (S. 2089; G. 587).

οὓς ἔδει...ἐλθεῖν: "for whom it was necessary to come."

ἐφαίνοντο προσιόντες: "they were plainly approaching" (S. 2143; G. 588c).

ὅσον τοῦ Ῥοδίων κολοσσοῦ: "as big as the Colossus of Rhodes," an enormous statue straddling the entrance to the harbor at Rhodes, one of the ancient wonders of the world.

τῶν μὲν ἀνθρώπων: "of the human part."

ἐξ ἡμισείας: "from the waist."

ἀνέγραψα: aor. 1. sg. of ἀναγράφω.

μή τῳ (=τινι) καὶ ἄπιστον δόξῃ: "lest it seem even unbelievable to anyone" (S. 2193 and 2197; cf. G. 611b).

ὁ ἐκ τοῦ ζῳδιακοῦ τοξότης: i.e. the constellation Sagittarius.

ᾔσθοντο τοὺς φίλους νενικημένους: "they perceived that their friends had been defeated" (S. 2110; G. 586b).

ἔπεμπον ἀγγελίαν...ἐπιέναι: "sent a message to attack" (S. 2008 and 2009).

διαταξάμενοι: aor. part. mid. of διατάσσω, "having arrayed themselves."

τεταραγμένοις: perf. pass. part. dat. pl. of ταράττω, "disordered," modifying Σεληνίταις.

ἐπιπίπτουσι: "they fell upon" (S. 1883). Likewise, the verbs in the following μέν...δέ clause are also historical presents (τρέπουσιν...καταδιώκουσι...κτείνουσιν).

διεσκεδασμένοις: perf. pass. part. dat. pl. of διασκεδάννυμι, "scattered."

αὐτὸν δὲ τὸν βασιλέα: "the king himself."

ἀνέσπασαν: aor. 3 pl. of ἀνασπάω, "they plucked up."

κατέδραμον: aor. 3 pl. of κατατρέχω, "they overran."

ὑφασμένον: perf. pass. part. of ὑφαίνω, "woven."

ἐζώγρησαν: aor. 3 pl. of ζωγρέω, "they captured alive."

ἵστατο: impf. pass. of ἵστημι, "were being set up."

τὼ χεῖρε ὀπίσω δεθέντες: "bound by both hands backwards," i.e. with both hands tied behind our backs, (S. 1600 and 1601a). τὼ χεῖρε is accusative dual (for τώ as the nom/acc. dual form for all three genders of the definite article, see S. 332). For the dual forms of third declension nouns whose stems end in a liquid or nasal, see S. 259. As is usual for the dual, the nominative and accusative forms are identical and need to be distinguished by context.