13. (1) Per haec tempora etiam ā Cōnstantiō, multīs incīvīlibus gestīs, Gallus Caesar occīsus est, vir nātūrā ferus et ad tyrrannidem prōnior, sī suō iūre imperāre licuisset. Silvānus quoque in Galliā rēs novās mōlītus ante diem trīcēsimum extīnctus est; sōlusque imperiō Rōmānō eō tempore Cōnstantius prīnceps et Augustus fuit.

14. (1) Mox Iūliānum Caesarem ad Galliās mīsit, patruēlem suum, Gallī frātrem, trāditā eī in mātrimōnium sorōre, cum multa oppida barbarī expūgnāssent, alia obsidērent, ubique foeda vāstitās esset Rōmānumque imperium nōn dubiā iam calamitāte nūtāret. Ā quō modicīs cōpiīs apud Argentorātum, Galliae urbem, ingentēs Alamannōrum cōpiae exstīnctae sunt, rēx nōbilissimus captus, Galliae restitūtae.

(2) Multa posteā per eundem Iūliānum ēgregia adversum barbarōs gesta sunt summōtīque ultrā Rhēnum Germānī et fīnibus suīs Rōmānum imperium restitūtum.

    Chapter 13: The death of Gallus and the usurper Silvanus. Constantius II briefly rules alone. 

    (1) ā Cōnstantiō: see Constantius

    Gallus Caesar: see Gallus, d. 354 CE

    sī suō iūre imperāre licuisset: "if he had been allowed to rule in his own right" (Bird); contrary to fact condition (AG 514.C.2)

    Silvānus: see Silvanus, d. 355 CE

    rēs novās mōlītus: "revolt" (LS novus I.A.4). mōlītus is a perfect participle > mōlior.

    Chapter 14: Constantius II makes his cousin, Julian, Caesar (355 CE). Julian wins great victories over the Alamanni in Gaul. 

    (1) Iūliānum: Julian, called the Apostate, because, although he had been brought up a Christian, later he rejected Christianity and returned to the Roman state religion. He was a brave soldier and a good general. Forced by his soldiers to assume the purple, he hesitated to begin a civil war, but was relieved of the necessity by the opportune death of Constantius in 361 CE. Many of his literary works are extant (Hazzard).

    eī: Julian

    sorōre: see Helena

    nūtāret: "was tottering," "about to fall" 

    Ā quō: Iūliānō

    apud Argentorātum: see Strasbourg

    restitūtae: supply sunt 

     rēx nōbilissimus captus: see Chnodomarius

    Galliae restitūtae: supply sunt

    (2) restitūtum: supply est

    Core Vocabulary | Numbers | Dates

    Cōnstantius, ī, m.

    Cōnstantius, third son of Constantine the Great. Roman emperor 337–361 A.D. 13.

    incīvīlis, e [in + cīvīlis], adj.

    rude, uncivil

    Gallus, a, um

    pertaining to Gaul. Gallī, ōrum, pl. m., the Gauls. Gallus, ī, m., a Roman cognomen: (1) C. (Cn.) Cornēlius Gallus, governor of Egypt under Augustus; (2) Gallus Hostīliānus, Roman emperor 251–253 A.D.

    Caesar, aris, m.

    a family name in the Julian gens. (1) C. Iūlius Caesar, the famous dictator; (2) Sex. Iūlius Caesar, uncle of the dictator. Consul 91 B.C.; (3) C. Octāviānus, the emperor Augustus

    tyrannis, idis [tyrannus], f.

    the sway of a tyrant, arbitrary power, despotic rule

    prōnus, a, um, adj.

    turned forward, inclined; tendency; disposed, prone

    Silvānus, ī, m.

    a usurper who revolted in Gaul during the reign of the emperor Constantius

    Gallia, ae, f.

    the country of the Gauls; modern France and the territories on the west bank of the Rhine. The northern part of Italy was settled by Gauls, and was called Gallia Cisalpina; hence the pl. Galliae.

    mōlior, īrī, ītus sum [mōlēs, mass]

    to struggle, toil; undertake, attempt

    exstinguō, ere, stīnxī, stīnctus [ex + stinguō, to extinguish]

    to quench, kill, blot out, destroy, extinguish, put an end to

    Augustus, ī, m.

    a title of honor given to Octavianus in 27 BC and after him to all the Roman emperors

    Iūliānus, ī, m.

    (Flavius Claudius) Iūliānus, Roman emperor 361–363 A.D. 14.

    patruēlis, e [patruus], adj.

    of a father's brother, child of a father's brother; as subst., a cousin

    mātrimōnium, ī [māter], n.

    marriage; pl. wives

    expūgnō, āre, āvī, ātus

    to take by storm, capture; overpower, prevail upon

    obsideō, ēre, sēdī, sessus

    to besiege, occupy; watch closely

    ubīque [ubi + que], adv.

    anywhere

    vāstitās, ātis [vāstō], f.

    devastation

    calamitās, ātis, f.

    a calamity, defeat

    nūtō, āre, āvī, ātus

    to nod; waver, be ready to give way

    modicus, a, um [modus], adj.

    small, moderate

    Argentorātum, ī, n.

    a city in Belgic Gaul

    Alamannī, ōrum, pl. m.

    the Alamanni, a name applied to a confederacy of German tribes living between the Danube, the Rhine, and the Main

    restituō, ere, ī, ūtus

    to set up again, replace, restore, reinstate; repair, remedy, save

    submoveō, ēre, mōvī, mōtus

    to drive off, dislodge 2

    Rhēnus, ī, m.

    the Rhine

    Germānī, ōrum, pl. m.

    the Germans

     

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