(1) Annō urbis septingentēsimō ferē ac nōnō, interfectō Caesare, cīvīlia bella reparāta sunt. Percussōribus enim Caesaris senātus favēbat, Antōnius cōnsul partium Caesaris cīvīlibus bellīs opprimere eōs cōnābātur. Ergō turbātā rē pūblicā multa Antōnius scelera committēns ā senātū hostis iūdicātus est.
(2) Missī ad eum persequendum duo cōnsulēs, Pānsa et Hīrtius, et Octāviānus adulēscēns annōs X et VIII nātus, Caesaris nepōs, quem ille testāmentō hērēdem relīquerat et nōmen suum ferre iusserat. (Hīc est, quī posteā Augustus est dictus et rērum potītus.) Quārē profectī contrā Antōnium trēs ducēs vīcērunt eum. Ēvēnit tamen ut victōrēs cōnsulēs ambō morerentur. Quārē trēs exercitūs ūnī Caesarī Augustō pāruērunt.
notes
The rise of Octavian and the Battle of Mutina, 44–43 BCE
Livy Epitome 118.e, 119.e. Appian Civil Wars, 3.2.12–14, 3.8.49. Velleius 2.59.6. Suetonius, Augustus. 8. Dio Cassius, Roman History 45.4.4)
(1) interfectō Caesare: ablative absolute (AG 419). Here, as at the beginning and conclusion of the Breviarium, Eutropius appears to be giving his own reckoning of the date (44 BCE) from 753 BCE and not relying upon his source (Bird).
Percussōribus Caesaris: dative object of favēbat (LS faveo I.a).
Antōnius consul: Antony, Caesar's consular partner in 44 BCE, took charge on March 16th, allowed P. Cornelius Dolabella to become suffect consul and encouraged the senate to function.
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C. Octavius, Caesar's eighteen-year-old grandnephew, who had been doing his military training in Epirus, arrived at Rome in late April, having already heard that he had been adopted by Caesar. He changed his name to C. Iulius Caesar Octavianus and turned to Antony for his inheritance and support. He was rebuffed and appealed to Caesar's veterans, won over two of Antony's legions and raised additional troops without legal authorization. While Antony was besieging D. Brutus at Mutina Cicero persuaded the senate to make Octavian a senator and propraetor to assist the consuls of 43 BCE, Hirtius and Pansa, against Antony. Three armies then converged upon Antony at Mutina (Modena), defeated him and drove him to Transalpine Gaul, but both consuls died, leaving Octavian in command. Antony was declared a public enemy (Bird).
Octavian was the son of Gaius Octavius and Atia, a daughter of Julia, the sister of Caesar. After his adoption he took the name of Octavianus (Hazzard).
partium Caesaris: "of Caesar's faction" (LS pars II.A). Antony at first pretended to favor the tyrannicides, but after he had obtained possession of the papers and treasure of Caesar, he changed sides and endeavored to crush them (Hazzard).
turbātā rē pūblicā: ablative absolute with a perfect passive participle (AG 419)
(2) ad eum persequendum: "to pursue [Antony]," gerundive denoting purpose (AG 500.4)
Augustus: this was a title conferred upon him after the battle of Actium, when he refused the title of dictator (Hazzard)
rērum potītus: supply est, "became master of the state." potior regularly takes the genitive in this phrase (Hazzard; cf. LS potior I.a).
vīcērunt eum: in the battle of Mutina, 43 BCE (Hazzard)
morerentur: Hirtius and Pansa were wounded in battle, but Augustus was accused of having murdered them (Hazzard).
ūnī Caesarī Augustō: dative object of pāruērunt (AG 367)
vocabulary
Core Vocabulary | Numbers | Dates
|
Caesar, aris, m. |
a family name in the Julian gens. (1) C. Iūlius Caesar, the famous dictator; (2) Sex. Iūlius Caesar, uncle of the dictator. Consul 91 B.C.; (3) C. Octāviānus, the emperor Augustus |
|
cīvīlis, e [cīvis], adj. |
pertaining to a citizen; civil; polite, moderate |
|
reparō, āre, āvī, ātus |
to renew |
|
percussor, ōris [percutiō], m. |
a stabber, murderer |
|
faveō, ēre, fāvī, fautūrus |
to be favorable, favor, support, cherish |
|
opprimō, ere, pressī, pressus |
to crush utterly, overpower, overwhelm |
|
Antōnius, ī, m. |
the name of a Roman gens, C. Antōnius, consul 63 B.C., L. Antōnius, consul 41 B.C., M. Antōnius, the friend of Caesar and member of the Second Triumvirate, consul 44 B.C. |
|
persequor, ī, secūtus sum |
to pursue, prosecute; relate 2 |
|
Pānsa, ae, m. |
(C. Vibius) Pānsa, consul 43 B.C. |
|
Hīrtius, ī, m. |
(A.) Hirtius, friend of Caesar; consul 43 B.C. |
|
Octāviānus, ī, m. |
C. Iūlius Caesar Octāviānus, Roman emperor, 27 B.C.–14 A.D. |
|
adulēscēns, entis [adolēscō, to grow up], m. |
young; as substantive, a young man |
|
nepōs, ōtis, m. |
grandson; nephew (late); pl., descendants |
|
testāmentum, ī [testis, a witness], n. |
a will, testament |
|
hērēs, ēdis, m. |
an heir |
|
Augustus, ī, m. |
a title of honor given to Octavianus in 27 BC and after him to all the Roman emperors |
|
potior, īrī, ītus sum [potis, able] |
to get possession, acquire + gen. |
|
ēveniō, īre, vēnī, ventus |
to turn out, come to pass |
|
ambō, ae, ō, adj. |
both |