13. (1) Per haec tempora etiam ā Cōnstantiō, multīs incīvīlibus gestīs, Gallus Caesar occīsus est, vir nātūrā ferus et ad tyrrannidem prōnior, sī suō iūre imperāre licuisset. Silvānus quoque in Galliā rēs novās mōlītus ante diem trīcēsimum extīnctus est; sōlusque imperiō Rōmānō eō tempore Cōnstantius prīnceps et Augustus fuit.
14. (1) Mox Iūliānum Caesarem ad Galliās mīsit, patruēlem suum, Gallī frātrem, trāditā eī in mātrimōnium sorōre, cum multa oppida barbarī expūgnāssent, alia obsidērent, ubique foeda vāstitās esset Rōmānumque imperium nōn dubiā iam calamitāte nūtāret. Ā quō modicīs cōpiīs apud Argentorātum, Galliae urbem, ingentēs Alamannōrum cōpiae exstīnctae sunt, rēx nōbilissimus captus, Galliae restitūtae.
(2) Multa posteā per eundem Iūliānum ēgregia adversum barbarōs gesta sunt summōtīque ultrā Rhēnum Germānī et fīnibus suīs Rōmānum imperium restitūtum.
notes
Chapter 13: The death of Gallus and the usurper Silvanus. Constantius II briefly rules alone.
(1) ā Cōnstantiō: see Constantius
Gallus Caesar: see Gallus, d. 354 CE
sī suō iūre imperāre licuisset: "if he had been allowed to rule in his own right" (Bird); contrary to fact condition (AG 514.C.2)
Silvānus: see Silvanus, d. 355 CE
rēs novās mōlītus: "revolt" (LS novus I.A.4). mōlītus is a perfect participle > mōlior.
Chapter 14: Constantius II makes his cousin, Julian, Caesar (355 CE). Julian wins great victories over the Alamanni in Gaul.
(1) Iūliānum: Julian, called the Apostate, because, although he had been brought up a Christian, later he rejected Christianity and returned to the Roman state religion. He was a brave soldier and a good general. Forced by his soldiers to assume the purple, he hesitated to begin a civil war, but was relieved of the necessity by the opportune death of Constantius in 361 CE. Many of his literary works are extant (Hazzard).
eī: Julian
sorōre: see Helena
nūtāret: "was tottering," "about to fall"
Ā quō: Iūliānō
apud Argentorātum: see Strasbourg
restitūtae: supply sunt
rēx nōbilissimus captus: see Chnodomarius
Galliae restitūtae: supply sunt
(2) restitūtum: supply est
vocabulary
Core Vocabulary | Numbers | Dates
|
Cōnstantius, ī, m. |
Cōnstantius, third son of Constantine the Great. Roman emperor 337–361 A.D. 13. |
|
incīvīlis, e [in + cīvīlis], adj. |
rude, uncivil |
|
Gallus, a, um |
pertaining to Gaul. Gallī, ōrum, pl. m., the Gauls. Gallus, ī, m., a Roman cognomen: (1) C. (Cn.) Cornēlius Gallus, governor of Egypt under Augustus; (2) Gallus Hostīliānus, Roman emperor 251–253 A.D. |
|
Caesar, aris, m. |
a family name in the Julian gens. (1) C. Iūlius Caesar, the famous dictator; (2) Sex. Iūlius Caesar, uncle of the dictator. Consul 91 B.C.; (3) C. Octāviānus, the emperor Augustus |
|
tyrannis, idis [tyrannus], f. |
the sway of a tyrant, arbitrary power, despotic rule |
|
prōnus, a, um, adj. |
turned forward, inclined; tendency; disposed, prone |
|
Silvānus, ī, m. |
a usurper who revolted in Gaul during the reign of the emperor Constantius |
|
Gallia, ae, f. |
the country of the Gauls; modern France and the territories on the west bank of the Rhine. The northern part of Italy was settled by Gauls, and was called Gallia Cisalpina; hence the pl. Galliae. |
|
mōlior, īrī, ītus sum [mōlēs, mass] |
to struggle, toil; undertake, attempt |
|
exstinguō, ere, stīnxī, stīnctus [ex + stinguō, to extinguish] |
to quench, kill, blot out, destroy, extinguish, put an end to |
|
Augustus, ī, m. |
a title of honor given to Octavianus in 27 BC and after him to all the Roman emperors |
|
Iūliānus, ī, m. |
(Flavius Claudius) Iūliānus, Roman emperor 361–363 A.D. 14. |
|
patruēlis, e [patruus], adj. |
of a father's brother, child of a father's brother; as subst., a cousin |
|
mātrimōnium, ī [māter], n. |
marriage; pl. wives |
|
expūgnō, āre, āvī, ātus |
to take by storm, capture; overpower, prevail upon |
|
obsideō, ēre, sēdī, sessus |
to besiege, occupy; watch closely |
|
ubīque [ubi + que], adv. |
anywhere |
|
vāstitās, ātis [vāstō], f. |
devastation |
|
calamitās, ātis, f. |
a calamity, defeat |
|
nūtō, āre, āvī, ātus |
to nod; waver, be ready to give way |
|
modicus, a, um [modus], adj. |
small, moderate |
|
Argentorātum, ī, n. |
a city in Belgic Gaul |
|
Alamannī, ōrum, pl. m. |
the Alamanni, a name applied to a confederacy of German tribes living between the Danube, the Rhine, and the Main |
|
restituō, ere, ī, ūtus |
to set up again, replace, restore, reinstate; repair, remedy, save |
|
submoveō, ēre, mōvī, mōtus |
to drive off, dislodge 2 |
|
Rhēnus, ī, m. |
the Rhine |
|
Germānī, ōrum, pl. m. |
the Germans |