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The capture of Antioch

The Capture of Antioch by Bohmond of Tarento, June 1098 (painting by L. Gaillat, 1840)

The Orontes River (now the Far) near Antioch (now Antakya)

3rd century graffito of a cataphract (clibanarius), from Dura-Europus (Yale University Art Gallery)

a cataphract; Persian cavalryman in plate armor (6th century)

The Siege of Nicaea: the Crusaders firing heads into the city (anonymous manuscript illumination, 13th century

The siege of Nicaea

Byzantine fortifications of Nicaea (modern Iznik); city walls

Byzantine fortifications of Nicaea (modern Iznik); the Yenişehir Gate

Byzantine fortifications of Nicaea (modern Iznik); a tower in the city wall

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