Αἰγύπτῳ μʼ ἔτι δεῦρο θεοὶ μεμαῶτα νέεσθαι
ἔσχον, ἐπεὶ οὔ σφιν ἔρεξα τεληέσσας ἑκατόμβας.
οἱ δʼ αἰεὶ βούλοντο θεοὶ μεμνῆσθαι ἐφετμέων.
νῆσος ἔπειτά τις ἔστι πολυκλύστῳ ἐνὶ πόντῳ
Αἰγύπτου προπάροιθε, Φάρον δέ ἑ κικλήσκουσι,355
τόσσον ἄνευθʼ ὅσσον τε πανημερίη γλαφυρὴ νηῦς
ἤνυσεν, ᾗ λιγὺς οὖρος ἐπιπνείῃσιν ὄπισθεν·
ἐν δὲ λιμὴν ἐύορμος, ὅθεν τʼ ἀπὸ νῆας ἐίσας
ἐς πόντον βάλλουσιν, ἀφυσσάμενοι μέλαν ὕδωρ.
ἔνθα μʼ ἐείκοσιν ἤματʼ ἔχον θεοί, οὐδέ ποτʼ οὖροι360
Exercises 44.1 Fill in the blanks
1. The pattern to form the PLUPERFECT ACTIVE STEM is:
2. To form the PLUPERFECT MIDDLE voice:
3. To form the PERIPHRASTIC of the pluperfect tense in the MIDDLE or PASSIVE voice, Greek uses:
τὸν δʼ αὖ Τηλέμαχος πεπνυμένος ἀντίον ηὔδα·315
Ἀτρεΐδη Μενέλαε διοτρεφές, ὄρχαμε λαῶν,
ἤλυθον, εἴ τινά μοι κληηδόνα πατρὸς ἐνίσποις.
ἐσθίεταί μοι οἶκος, ὄλωλε δὲ πίονα ἔργα,
δυσμενέων δʼ ἀνδρῶν πλεῖος δόμος, οἵ τέ μοι αἰεὶ
μῆλʼ ἁδινὰ σφάζουσι καὶ εἰλίποδας ἕλικας βοῦς,320
μητρὸς ἐμῆς μνηστῆρες ὑπέρβιον ὕβριν ἔχοντες.
τοὔνεκα νῦν τὰ σὰ γούναθʼ ἱκάνομαι, αἴ κʼ ἐθέλῃσθα
κείνου λυγρὸν ὄλεθρον ἐνισπεῖν, εἴ που ὄπωπας
ὀφθαλμοῖσι τεοῖσιν ἢ ἄλλου μῦθον ἄκουσας
Exercises 43.1 Fill in the blank Perfect Middle Consonant chart, to be found under the "printables" tab
Exercises 43.2 Fill in the blank:
τὴν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη ξανθὸς Μενέλαος·265
ναὶ δὴ ταῦτά γε πάντα, γύναι, κατὰ μοῖραν ἔειπες.
ἤδη μὲν πολέων ἐδάην βουλήν τε νόον τε
ἀνδρῶν ἡρώων, πολλὴν δʼ ἐπελήλυθα γαῖαν·
ἀλλʼ οὔ πω τοιοῦτον ἐγὼν ἴδον ὀφθαλμοῖσιν,
οἷ oν Ὀδυσσῆος ταλασίφρονος ἔσκε φίλον κῆρ.270
οἷον καὶ τόδʼ ἔρεξε καὶ ἔτλη καρτερὸς ἀνὴρ
ἵππῳ ἔνι ξεστῷ, ἵνʼ ἐνήμεθα πάντες ἄριστοι
Ἀργείων Τρώεσσι φόνον καὶ κῆρα φέροντες.
ἦλθες ἔπειτα σὺ κεῖσε· κελευσέμεναι δέ σʼ ἔμελλε
ἔνθʼ αὖτʼ ἄλλʼ ἐνόησʼ Ἑλένη Διὸς ἐκγεγαυῖα·
αὐτίκʼ ἄρʼ εἰς οἶνον βάλε φάρμακον, ἔνθεν ἔπινον,220
νηπενθές τʼ ἄχολόν τε, κακῶν ἐπίληθον ἁπάντων.
ὃς τὸ καταβρόξειεν, ἐπὴν κρητῆρι μιγείη,
οὔ κεν ἐφημέριός γε βάλοι κατὰ δάκρυ παρειῶν,
οὐδʼ εἴ οἱ κατατεθναίη μήτηρ τε πατήρ τε,
οὐδʼ εἴ οἱ προπάροιθεν ἀδελφεὸν ἢ φίλον υἱὸν225
χαλκῷ δηιόῳεν, ὁ δʼ ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ὁρῷτο.
τοῖα Διὸς θυγάτηρ ἔχε φάρμακα μητιόεντα,
ἐσθλά, τά οἱ Πολύδαμνα πόρεν, Θῶνος παράκοιτις
Exercises 42.1 Concepts:
1. Greek verbs can express one of three ASPECTS. What are they? For each, give the Greek verb past tense.
2. All verbs of the PERFECT SYSTEM _______________ the initial sound of the verb stem, an addition that is called __________________ .
3. The tense marker of the PERFECT ACTIVE is __________________ .
4. Do the personal endings for the PERFECT ACTIVE resemble the primary endings of thematic or athematic verbs?
The play Seven against Thebes by Aeschylus dramatizes the battle between the two sons of Oedipus, Polynices and Eteocles for control of the city of Thebes. Polynices and an army headed by warriors from Argos (the “seven” of the title) are besieging the city, where Eteocles is mounting a defense. In one scene, Eteocles has an argument with a chorus of Theban women, as the attack begins. This section is a type of dialogue called in Greek “stichomythia,” where two parties exchange single lines in rapid fire.
Χόρος καὶ μὴν ἀκούω γ’ ἱππικῶν φρυαγμάτων.
Jesus performs some miracles:
21. ἕτερος δὲ τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ εἶπεν αὐτῷ, Κύριε, ἐπίτρεψόν μοι πρῶτον ἀπελθεῖν καὶ θάψαι τὸν πατέρα μου. 22. ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς λέγει αὐτῷ, Ἀκολούθει μοι, καὶ ἄφες τοὺς νεκροὺς θάψαι τοὺς ἑαυτῶν νεκρούς.
Exercises 41.1 The imperative mood in Ancient Greek can be formed in what person(s)?
Exercises 41.2 The tense of the imperative verb in Ancient Greek reflects which of the following?
Exercises 41.3 The imperative can be formed in what tenses?
