340. The present system of mute verbs may be of the formative vowel class (§ 257), the τ- class (§ 258), the ι- class (§ 259), the inceptive class (§ 260), or the nasal class (§ 261). In other systems many sound changes occur where consonants come together.
341. The formation of the various tense stems is illustrated in the following.
| γραφ-, write |
ῥῑφ-, ῥιφ-, thrοw |
|
| Present | γράφω (§ 257) | ῥῑ́πτω (§ 258) |
| Future | γράψω (§ 45.a) | ῥῑ́ψω |
| Aorist | ἔγραψα (§ 45.a) | ἐρρῑψα (§ 48) |
| Perf. Act. | γέγραφα (§ 332) | ἔρρῑφα |
| Perf. Mid. | γέγραμμαι (§ 44.a) | ἐρρῑμμαι |
| Aor. Pass. | ἐγράφην (§ 334) | ἐρρῑ́φθην ἐρρίφην |
| βλαβ- injure |
πεμπ- send |
|
| Present | βλάπτω (§ 258) | πέμπω |
| Future | βλάψω | πέμψω |
| Aorist | ἔβλαψα | ἔπεμψα |
| Perf. Act. | βέβλαφα (§ 342.b) | πέπομφα (§ 342.b) |
| Perf. Mid. | βέβλαμμαι | πέπεμμαι (§ 344.a) |
| Aor. Pass. | ἐβλάφθην (§ 43.a) ἐβλάβην |
ἐπέμφθην |
| πειθ- persuade |
γυμναδ- exercise |
|
| Present | πείθω | γυμνάζω (§§ 259.d, 56.d) |
| Future | πείσω (§ |
γυμνάσω (§ 45.b) |
| Aorist | ἔπεισα | ἐγύμνασα |
| Perf. Act. | πέπεικα (§ 342.a) πέποιθα (§ 332) |
γεγύμνακα (§ 342.a) |
| Perf. Mid. | πέπεισμαι (§ 44.c) | γεγύμνασμαι (§ 44.c) |
| Aor. Pass. | ἐπείσθην (§ 43.b) | ἐγυμνάσθην (§ 43.b) |
| ἀρχ- be first, begin, rule |
ἀλλαγ- change |
|
| Present | ἄρχω | ἀλλάσσω (§§ 259.c, 56.c) |
| Future | ἄρξω (§ 45.a) | ἀλλάξω |
| Aorist | ἦρξα | ἤλλαξα |
| Perf. Act. | ἦρχα | ἤλλαχα (§ 342.b) |
| Perf. Mid. | ἦργμαι (§ 44.b) | ἤλλαγμαι |
| Aor. Pass. | ἤρχθην | ἠλλάχθην ἠλλάγην |
342. a. In the κα- perfect a τ- mute disappears before -κ-.
b. In the α- perfect most stems ending in a π- or κ- mute aspirate the mute, often changing the stem vowel also.
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