205. In early Greek ὁ, ἡ, τό, the later article (61), was a demonstrative pronoun (this, that, he, it, etc.); in Attic this force is retained in a few phrases (see 549). When thus used, some print ὅ, ἥ, οἵ, αἵ with the acute— which then always becomes grave (15).
a. In poetry ὁ, ἡ, τό is also used as a relative pronoun.
206. Ὅδε, ἥδε, τόδε (this; Latin hic) is ὁ, ἡ, τό with the enclitic syllable -δε. For declension see 209. For the accent of ὅδε, ἥδε, οἵδε, αἵδε see 21.c-d.
207. Οὗτος, αὕτη, τοῦτο (this, that; Latin is, ille) is also formed from ὁ, ἡ, τό, and hence begins with τ- or the rough breathing in the same places (209).
208. Ἐκεῖνος, ἐκείνη, ἐκεῖνο (that yonder; in poetry also κεῖνος, κείνη, κεῖνο) is declined like αὐτός (198).
a. For τοῖσιδε, ταῖσιδε, etc., cp. 64 and 69.c.
210. To all forms of ὅδε and οὗτος the syllable -ῑ́ is often added, sometimes also to other demonstratives, to point to something still more clearly as near at hand. This -ῑ́ always takes the accent; before it -ε, -ο, and -α are lost.
ὁδῑ́, οὑτοσῑ́ this man here
So τουτουῑ́, ταυτησῑ́, τουτῑ́, ταυτῑ́, τοδῑ́, οὑτοιῑ́, τοιουτονῑ́.
| τοιόσδε | τοιᾱ́δε | τοιόνδε | such [Latin talis (of quality)] |
| τοσόσδε | τοσήδε | τοσόνδε |
so much, so great |
| τηλικόσδε | τηλικήδε | τηλικόνδε | so great, so old |
a. Poets often use the simpler forms without -δε.
τοῖος, -ᾱ, -ον
τόσος, -η, -ον
τηλίκος, -η, -ον
| τοιοῦτος, | τοιαύτη, | τοιοῦτο(ν) | [Latin talis] |
| τοσοῦτος, | τοσαύτη, | τοσοῦτο(ν) | [Latin tantus, pl. tot] |
| τηλικοῦτος, | τηλικαύτη, | τηλικοῦτο(ν) | so great or old |
