(1) Tum P. Cornēlius Scīpiō cum exercitū in Hispāniam profectus est, Ti. Semprōnius in Siciliam. Bellum Carthāginiēnsibus indictum est.
(2) Hannibal relīctō in Hispāniā frātre Hasdrubale Pȳrēnaeum trānsiit. Alpēs adhūc tum eā parte inviās sibi patefēcit. Trāditur ad Ītaliam LXXX mīlia peditum, X mīlia equitum, septem et XXX elephantōs addūxisse. Intereā multī Ligurēs et Gallī Hannibalī sē coniūnxērunt. Semprōnius Gracchus cognitō ad Ītaliam Hannibalis adventū ex Siciliā exercitum Arīminum trāiecit.
notes
Hannibal Crosses the Alps (218 BCE)
Polybius (3.7–15) and Livy (Books 21–30) are the main sources for the Second Punic War (Bird).
(1) P. Cornēlius Scīpiō: Publius Cornelius Scipio and Tiberius Sempronius Longinus were consuls in 218 BCE. Both consuls were sent in response to Hannibal's imminent invasion: Scipio was sent to Spain to confront Hannibal’s troops, while Sempronius was sent to secure supplies for the coming war.
profectus est: > proficiscor, deponent verb
Carthāginiēnsibus: "upon the Carthaginians," dative object of a compound verb indictum est (AG 370)
(2) relīctō in Hispāniā frātre Hasdrubale: ablative absolute using a perfect passive participle (AG 419). For more information, see Hasdrubal.
Traditur: "he is recorded" (LS trado II.B.2.b), followed by the infinitive adduxisse below. The verb is often used in this way by historians when giving specific details found in their sources.
LXXX mīlia peditum: the number of the forces of Hannibal given here is taken from L. Cincius Alimentus, a Roman annalist. He was captured by Hannibal, and so had excellent opportunities for gaining information (Hazzard).
multī Ligurēs et Gallī: see Liguria and Gallia
Semprōnius Gracchus: A mistake of Eutropius. It was Tiberius Sempronius Longinus. In the next chapter it should be Semprōnius Longus instead of Semprōnius Gracchus (Hazzard).
cognitō ad Ītaliam Hannibalis adventū: ablative absolute with perfect passive participle (AG 419)
Arīminum: modern Rimini
vocabulary
Core Vocabulary | Numbers | Dates
| Cornēlius, ī, m. |
the name of a large and important gens at Rome. See Asina, Cinna, Dolābella, Faustus, Fuscus, Galbus, Lentulus, Rūfinus, Scīpiō, Sulla. |
|
| Scīpiō, ōnis, m. |
the name of one of the most illustrious families of Rome, Cornēlius Scīpiō, consul 83 B.C., Cn. Cornēlius Scīpiō, consul 222 B.C., L. (Cornēlius) Scīpiō, consul 259 B.C., P. Cornēlius Scīpiō, consul 218 B.C., P. Cornēlius Scīpiō, consul 191 B.C., P. Cornēlius Scīpiō, praetor 94 B.C., P. Cornēlius Scīpiō Āfricānus, consul 205 BC the conqueror of Hannibal in the First Punic War., P. Cornēlius Scīpiō Āfricānus (Minor), consul 147 B.C. He brought the Third Punic War to a close by capturing and destroying Carthage., L. Cornēlius Scīpiō Asiāgenēs, consul 83 B.C., P. (Cornēlius) Scīpiō Nāsīca, consul 91 B.C. |
|
| Hispānia, ae, f. |
Spain (including Portugal). It was divided into two provinces, Hispania Citerior and Ulterior; hence the pl. Hispaniae. |
|
| Ti. |
abbreviation of the praenomen Tiberius |
|
| Sicilia, ae, f. | the island of Sicily | |
| Carthāginiēnsis, e, adj. |
Carthaginian; as subst., Carthāginiēnsēs, ium, pl. m., the Carthaginians |
|
| Hannibal, alis, m. |
the son of Hamilcar Barca, the great general of the Carthaginians in the second Punic war |
|
| Hasdrubal, alis, m. |
(1) Surnamed Calvus, "the Bald," commander of the Carthaginian expedition to Sardinia in the second Punic war 215 B.C.; (2) Brother of Hannibal, defeated and slain at the battle of the Metaurus 207 B.C.; (3) The leader of the Carthaginians in the third Punic war 149–146 B.C. |
|
| Pȳrēnaeus, a, um, adj. (sc. mōns) | the Pyrenees mountains | |
| Alpēs, ium, f. | the Alps | |
| invius, a, um [in + via], adj. | impassible | |
| patefaciō, ere, fēcī, factus [pateō + faciō] |
to lay open, disclose, bring to light |
|
| pedes, itis [pēs], m. | a foot soldier, infantry | |
| elephantus, ī, m. | elephant | |
| intereā [inter + is], adv. | in the meantime, meanwhile | |
| Ligurēs, um, pl. m. |
the people of Liguria, a district on the western coast of Italy |
|
| Gallus, a, um |
pertaining to Gaul. Gallī, ōrum, pl. m., the Gauls. Gallus, ī, m., a Roman cognomen: (1) C. (Cn.) Cornēlius Gallus, governor of Egypt under Augustus; (2) Gallus Hostīliānus, Roman emperor 251–253 A.D. |
|
| cōniungō, ere, iūnxī, iūnctus |
to fasten together, connect, form by associating |
|
| Semprōnius, ī, m. |
P. Semprōnius, consul 268 B.C. |
|
| Gracchus, ī, m. |
a family name in the Sempronian gens at Rome., Ti. Semprōnius Gracchus, consul 218 B.C. |
|
| Arīminum, ī, n. |
a town in northern Italy on the Adriatic Sea |