Verbal Adjectives

410. With the suffix -ο (cp. § 403) are formed some words that may be used as adjectives or nouns at will. As adjectives some have a feminine in -ᾱ (cp. § 404), others are of two endings. Not a few such adjectives (or nouns) are used as the second part of a compound (§ 446.c), though not found separately.

411. The verbals in -το-ς and -τέο-ς, made from most verbs, have been briefly described (§§ 352 – 354). Those in -το-ς have a wide range of meaning, usually passive, sometimes active, in some cases resembling a perfect active participle.

412. Many verbal adjectives, active, passive, or indeterminate, are formed with the suffixes

a. Some nouns formed with like suffixes are closely related to these, and may have been originally adjectives.

413. Other suffixes that form verbal adjectives are

a. -υ, nominative -υς, εια, -υ.

(In ταχ-ύς (swift), βαρ-ύς (heavy), and others, the root does not appear in Greek as a verb stem.)

b. -εσ, nominative -ης, -ες.

(Many adjectives in -ης are compounds; see §§ 446, 447.)

c. -μον, nominative -μων, -μον.

Here belong also some nouns in -μων.

d. -ικο, nominative -ικός, -ή, -όν, often suggesting inclination to or fitness for an action (cp. § 425).

e. -τικο (nominative -τικός, -ή, -όν) developed from -ικο, by use with verbals in -τος.

f. -ιμο and -σιμο, nominative -(σ)ιμος, -η, -ον:

414. The various participles are special classes of verbal adjectives.