Second Declension

Second declension nouns: Goodell 62.

1a.  Ὁ θυμὸς: “anger,” literally, “the (emotion) anger.” The verb ἐστί is to be supplied after θυμός. This is a very common omission.

1b.  θνητὸς: supply ἐστί, and so also after ἀθάνατος, in the next clause.

1c.  λόγος: “speech,” literally, “the (faculty of) speech."

1d.  Δειλὸν ὁ πλοῦτος, etc. The order is, ὁ πλοῦτός (ἐστι) δειλὸν καὶ φιλόψυχον κακόν. Euripides, Phoenician Women 597. Literally: "Wealth is a base thing (LSJ κακός I.3), cowardly and fond of its life." 

1e.  ἦν: “was," 3rd sing imperf. > εἰμί.

1f.  Ἡ Αἴγυπτος: “Egypt," more literally, “the (land of) Egypt." 

δῶρον: “a gift,” i. e., a deposit. The Egyptian priests, and from them the Greeks, believed that a large portion of Lower Egypt, especially the Delta, was gradually formed from the sediment deposited by the Nile. 

1g.  Μὴ κατόκνει: “be not reluctant,” contracted imperative, 2nd sing. pres. for κατόκνεε > κατοκνέω. 

πορεύεσθαι: “to go,” pres. inf. mid. > πορεύω. 

τοὺς ἐπαγγελλομένους: “those who promise.” The article and participle are translated by the relative and indicative. G. 582.

διδάσκειν: pres. inf. act. > διδάσκω. 

τι: “something,” neuter of τὶς. 

1h.  κατῆλθον: “came down,” i. e., from the more northern parts of Greece; 3rd pl. 2nd aor. ind. act. > κατέρχομαι. 

2a.  τὸν ἥλιον, etc.: “that the sun and moon are divinities.” The accusative with the infinitive. 

εἶναι: pres. inf. > εἰμί. 

λέγουσιν: 3rd pl. pres. ind. act. > λέγω.

2b.  Ὁ Ἄρης: “Ares,” more literally, “the (god) Ares." 

μισεῖ: 3rd sing. pres. ind. act. > μισέω. 

τοὺς κακούς: “the cowardly."

2c.  πολεμοῦσιν: “wage war with,” 3rd pl. pres. ind. act. > πολεμέω. The Pygmaei, in the plural, is the name of a fabulous nation of dwarfs, the Liliputians of antiquity, who, according to Homer, had every spring to sustain a war against the cranes on the banks of Oceanus. (Homer, Iliad 3.5 et al.) 

3a.  Λύκω καὶ ἵππω, etc.: “two wolves, and two horses, feed together,” i. e., wolves and horses do not shun each other’s company when feeding; more literally, “are feeding together,” or “in company.” The forms λύκω, ἵππω, συννόμω, and ἐστόν are all duals (Smyth 195). The two nouns (λύκω and ἵππω) and the adjective (συννόμω, from σύννομος) are distinguished from the datives singular (λύκῳ, ἵππῳ, συννόμῳ) by not having the ι subscribed under the ω. 

ἐστόν: 3rd dual pres. ind. > εἰμί. 

τὴν αὐτὴν: “the same way,” i.e., in each other’s company; supply ὁδόν, acc. > ὁδός.

ἴασιν: 3rd pl. pres. ind. act. > εἶμι, "to go,” which is distinguished by the accent from εἰμί, “to be."

3b.  δύω μεγίστω κάκω: all these three words are in the nominative dual (Smyth 195); μεγίστω is from μέγιστος, superlative > μέγας. 

πολλοὺς ἀπώλεσαν: “are accustomed to ruin many." 

πολλοὺς:  acc. pl. masc. > πολύς.

ἀπώλεσαν: 3rd pl. 1st aor. ind. act. > ἀπόλλυμι. The aorist here refers to what is habitually the case. G. 465.

3c.  Ὁ Ζεῦξις: “the celebrated Zeuxis.” The article here denotes eminence or distinction.

ἀνατρέφουσαν: acc. sing. fem. pres. part. act. > ἀνατρέφω. 

παιδίω Ἱπποκενταύρω: “two centaur children.” Both of these terms are in the acc. dual neut.  

κομιδῇ νηπίω: “very young.” 

νηπίω: dual > νήπιος.  

4a.  Οἱ τὰ ἄκρα, etc.: “they who inhabit the summits of Athos." 

ἄκρα: acc. pl. neut. adj. > ἄκρος, taken as a substantive.

ἐνοικοῦντες: nom. pl. masc. pres. part. act. > ἐνοικέω. 

Ἄθω: gen. sing. > Ἄθως. 

μακροβιώτατοι: “very long-lived,” superlative > μακρόβιος. 

λέγονται: 3rd pl. pres. ind. pass. > λέγω.

4b.  Πολλάκις: the order is, ὀργὴ πολλάκις ἐξεκάλυψε κρυπτόμενον νόον ἀνθρώπων. 

ἐξεκάλυψε: “is wont to disclose,” 3rd sing. 1st aor. ind. act. > ἐκκαλύπτω. The aorist again refers to what is customary. G. 465.

κρυπτόμενον νόον: “a concealed thought,” i.e., the secret sentiments.

κρυπτόμενον: acc. sing. masc. pres. ptc. pass. > κρύπτω.

4c.  Κάτοπτρον εἴδους, etϲ.: the order is, χαλκός ἐστι κάτοπτρον εἴδους. The ancients used metallic mirrors instead of looking-glasses. Copper, brass, and gold were employed for this purpose. The brass ones, however, were most common, and were made of a mixture of copper and tin, which produced a white metal. 

εἴδους: “the exterior, the form," gen. sing. > εἶδος 

4d.  Ἀνδρὸς οἶνος, etc.: “wine is wont to disclose a man’s thoughts." 

ἔδειξε: 3rd sing. 1st aor. ind. act. > δείκνυμι. The aorist again refers to what is customary or habitual.

5a.  Ἔρυκι: dative sing. > Ἔρυξ, Eryx in Sicily.

τῆς Σικελίας: “of Sicily,” more literally, "of the (island of) Sicily." 

νεώς: Attic form > νάος. 

ᾧ: dat. sing. > ὅς. G. 213-214. 

πολὺ πλῆθος: “a great multitude.” 

τρέφεται: 3rd sing. pres. ind. pass. > τρέφω.

5b.  ὁ Φιλοπάτωρ: “surnamed Philopator,” literally, “the Philopator,” i.e., the lover of his father, a name applied to him by way of sarcasm, because he was suspected of having poisoned his father. 

κατεσκεύασεν: “built,” 3rd sing. 1st aor. ind. act. > κατασκευάζω.

5c.  Αἱροῦνται: 3rd pl. pres. ind. pass. > αἱρέω. 

λαγῲ: nom. plur. > λαγώς. 

ἀλωπέκων: gen. pl. > ἀλώπηξ. 

τοτὲ μὲν ... τοτὲ δὲ: “at one time ... at another."

5d.  Ἐν τῇ Σάμῳ: “in the island Samos." 

τῇ Ἥρᾳ: “for the goddess Hera,” i. e., in honor of Hera, the peacock being sacred to her.

πλείστους: acc. pl. > πλεῖστος, superlative > πολύς. 

ταὼς: acc. pl. > ταώς, Attic declension. 

ἔτρεφον: 3rd pl. imperf. ind. act. > τρέφω. 

ἐπὶ τοῦ νομίσματος: “upon the coinage." 

ἦν: “was,” 3rd sing. imperf. ind. > εἰμί.