Regular Verbs in Ω: Passive Voice

1a. αὐτὸ μόνον τὸ ὄνομα: "the name itself alone."

ἐπιγέγραπται: "is inscribed," 3rd sing. perf. ind. pass. > ἐπιγράφω. "Upon flattery, as upon a tomb, merely the name of friendship is inscribed," suggesting that flattery, or merely telling people what they want to hear, is an empty semblance of friendship, as the name on a person's tomb is an empty substitute for the person. Stobaeus (Anthologium 3.14.14) attributes this saying to a Diogenes, presumably Diogenes of Sinope.

1b. διατετάραγμαι τὴν γνώμην: "I am disturbed in mind," literally, "as to my mind," perf. ind. pass. > διαταράσσω.

γνώμην: acc. of respect (G. 537), where some understand κατά.

ἐπιλέλησμαι: "I have forgotten," 1st sing. perf. ind. pass. > ἐπιλανθάνω, in a middle sense.

ὃ παρεσκευασάμην: "which I had prepared," 1st sing. 1st aor. ind. mid. > παρασκευάζω. 

εἰ τοῖς ἐν οἴκῳ, etc.: two Iambic trimeters. "If we are abandoned by the riches (we once had) within our dwelling, still noble birth and generous sentiment remain." Quoted by Stobaeus (Anthologium 4.29.40) from an unidentified lost play by Euripides.

λελείμμεθα: 1st pl. perf. ind. pass. > λείπω.

2a. οὐδεμία ἔτι τῶν πόλεων, etc.: "no one yet of the city-states is unscathed, (there is none) which does not have (as) neighbors those who intend to do it harm," i. e., who watch every opportunity of doing harm. In this excerpt, the orator Isocrates (Archidamus 66) is explaining the evils that bad neighbors would inflict on a city-state if they succeeded in conquering it.

ὡς τετμῆσθαι, etc.: "so as to have its territories ravaged, its cities sacked, its private dwellings overthrown, its political institutions subverted, and its laws completely broken up." ὡς + accusative + infinitive indicates intended result (G. 566.b). 

τετμῆσθαι: perf. inf. pass. > τέμνω.

πεπορθῆσθαι: perf. inf. pass. > πορθέω.

γεγενῆσθαι: perf. inf. pass. > γίγνομαι.

ἀνεστράφθαι: perf. inf. pass. > ἀναστρέφω. 

καταλελύσθαι: perf. inf. pass. > καταλύω.

2b. ἄνθρωπος ὢν: "since you are mortal."

μέμνησο: "remember," + gen. 2 sing. perf. imperat. mid-pass.  > μιμνήσκω. Verbs of remembering and forgetting regularly take the genetive (G. 511.b).

τῆς κοινῆς τύχης: "the fortune that is common to all," i. e., the common nature of misfortune. Stobaeus (Anthologium 3.22.25) attributes this widely quoted piece of wisdom to an unknown tragedian (or tragedy?) called Hippothoon. 

2b.: μέμνησο: "remember," + gen. 2 sing. perf. imperat. mid-pass. > μιμνήσκω. Verbs of remembering and forgetting regularly take the genitive (G. 511.b).

2.c: μέμνησο: "remember," + gen. 2 sing. perf. imperat. mid-pass. > μιμνήσκω. Verbs of remembering and forgetting regularly take the genitive (G. 511.b).

εἶ: 2nd sing. pres. > ἐιμί.

2d. τέθαπται: "lie buried," 3rd sing. perf. ind. pass. > θάπτω. Observe the continued meaning implied by the perfect.

3a. ὁ Σαρδανάπαλλος ἐκεῖνος: "the famous Sardanapālus." See LSJ ἐκεῖνος I.2.

ὁ τὸ σῶμα ἐντετριμμένος: "who (during life) was painted as to his person," literally, "rubbed in (with colors)," χρώμασι understood. τὸ σῶμα is accusative of respect or specification, often used to specify to what particular or detail a statement is meant to apply (G. 537).

ἐντετριμμένος: perf. ptc. pass. > ἐντρίβω.

διαπεπλεγμένος: perf. ptc. pass. > διαπλέκω.

κατορωρυγμένος: perf. ptc. pass. > κατορύσσω, with reduplication.

καὶ ἐν βασιλείοις κατακεκλεισμένος: "and secluded in a palace." κατακεκλεισμένος is perf. ptc. pass. > κατακλείω.

οὐδὲν ἄλλο … ἢ: "nothing else but."

3b. ἐνδεδέσθαι: perf. inf. pass. > ἐνδέω.

τιμωρίας χάριν: "as a punishment," more literally, "for the sake of punishment."

χάριν: acc. sing. absolute; where some, however, understand κατά.

3c. μεμιγμένην φύσιν ἀνδρὸς καὶ θηρίου: "a blended nature of man and beast."

μεμιγμένην: perf. ptc. pass. > μίγνυμι. 

4a. προσήρτηται: "is attached to," 3rd sing. perf. ind. pass. > προσαρτάω.

τοῖς δὲ ἄλλοις ζώοις: "but in the rest of animals."

προσπέπλασται: 3rd sing. perf. ind. pass. > προσπλάσσω.

4b. Ῥωμαίων αἱ πολλαὶ γυναῖκες, etc.: "the majority of Roman females are accustomed to wear the same sort of sandals with the men." The article changes the signification of πολύς, and several other adjectives. Thus πολλαὶ γυναῖκες, "many women," but αἱ πολλαὶ γυναῖκες, "the majority of women."

 Ῥωμαίων γυναῖκες: literally, "females of the Romans."

τοῖς ἀνδράσιν: dat. of similarity, after αὐτός.

εἰθισμέναι εἰσίν: 3rd pl. perf. ind. pass. > ἐθίζω. 

4c. γυμνὸς ἀληλιμμένος: "naked and anointed," perf. ptc. pass. > ἀλείφω, with reduplication.

4d. διεσπαρμένοις τοῖς Πέρσαις συνεπλέκοντο: "grappled with the scattered Persians," perf. ptc. pass. > διασπείρω. 

4e. τὸ εἱμαρμένον: "what is fated," perf. ptc. pass. > μείρω. It may also be rendered as a noun, "fate."

4f. ἅπασιν … τοῖς ἁμαρτάνουσι: "for all who offended."

ὥριστο: 3rd sing. plperf. ind. pass. > ὁρίζω, to be rendered as an imperfect.

δρῦς: The acc. pl. of δρῦς, δρυός, ἡ, oak tree is δρῦς.

4g. ἡμμένας: "ignited," perf. ptc. pass. > ἅπτω. 

5a. ὠνόμασεν: 3rd sing. 1st aor. ind. act. > ὀνομάζω.

δὲ: "whereas."

5b. τῆς αὐτῆς ἡμέρας: "on the same day," gen. of time.

κατά: "during," LSJ κατά B.VII.

ὤφθη: 3rd sing. 1st aor. ind. pass. > ὁράω.

5c.  εὐεργέται: masc. nom. pl. > εὐεργέτης, εὐεργέτου, ὁ, a benefactor.

ἠξιώθησαν: "were thought worthy of," 3rd pl. 1st aor. ind. pass. > ἀξιόω, governing the gen., like ἄξιος, from which it comes.

5d. πάτριον: "an hereditary privilege," i. e., a privilege handed down to them from their fathers.

ἡγεῖσθαι: "to stand at the head of," more literally, "to take the lead of," pres. inf. mid. > ἡγέομαι.

5e. ἤκμασε: 3rd sing. 1st aor. ind. act. > ἀκμάζω.

ἐπὶ: "in the time of."

κατέβη: "descended," i. e., was perpetuated;  3rd sing. 2nd aor. ind. act. > καταβαίνω.

ἐφυλάχθη: 3rd sing. 1st aor. ind. pass. > φυλάσσω.

ἐθαυμάσθη: 3rd sing. 1st aor. ind. pass. > θαυμάζω. 

5f. ἐσφάγη: "was slain," 3rd sing. 2nd aor. ind. pass. > σφάζω.

κατεκόπη καὶ διεφθάρη: "was cut to pieces and destroyed."

κατεκόπη, 3rd sing. 2nd aor. ind. pass. > κατακόπτω.

διεφθάρη: 3rd sing. 2nd aor. ind. pass. > διαφθείρω.

5g. εἰ μεθυσθείη: "in case he were intoxicated," i. e., whenever he was; 3rd sing. 1st aor. opt. pass. > μεθύσκω.

5h. ἐμπτύουσι τοῖς παιδίοις: "spit into the bosoms of their children."

ὡς μὴ βασκανθῶσιν: "that they may not be injured by the evil eye," literally, "may not be spell-bound." 

6a. νέος ὢν: "when young."

ὀφθῆναι: 1st aor. inf. pass. > ὄπτομαι.

6b. Λόγος: "a tradition," " a story."

ὑσθῆναι: "were rained upon," 1st aor. infin. pass. of ὕω.

χρυσῆν … ἐπ’ αὐτοὺς, etc.: "Zeus having broken a golden cloud upon them."

ῥήξαντος: 1st aor. ptc. act. > ῥήγνυμι, gen. absolute.

6c. ἐπὶ Ἄτυος διὰ λίμον, etc.: "that games were invented in the reign of Atys, in consequence of a famine." The number of daily meals was lessened in consequence of the scarcity, and to call off the attention of the Lydians from this circumstance, games and amusements were introduced.

εὑρεθῆναι: 1st aor. inf. pass. > εὑρίσκω. 

6d.  Ἀριάδνην οἱ μὲν φασὶν ἀπάγξασθαι: "some say that Ariadne hung herself."

ἀπάγξασθαι: 1st aor. inf. mid. > ἀπάγχω.

ἀπολειφθεῖσαν: 1st aor. ptc. pass. > ἀπολείπω.

οἱ δὲ: "but others," φασὶ understood.

κομισθεῖσαν: 1st aor. ptc. pass. > κομίζω.

γαμηθῆναι: 1st aor. inf. pass. > γαμέω.

6e. τραφεὶς: "having been nurtured," 2nd aor. ptc. pass. > τρέφω.

καὶ μάλιστα ἐν τοῖς, etc.: "and having in particular been carefully trained in gymnastic exercises."

ἐγένετο: "became," 3rd sing. 2nd aor. ind. mid. > γίνομαι.

6f. ἐπὶ: "on account of."

κἀξοστρακισθεὶς διὰ τοῦτο: "and having been banished for this."

κἀξοστρακισθεὶς: = καὶ ἐξοστρακισθεὶς, 1st aor. ptc. pass. > ἐξοστρακίζω.

παρ᾽: apostrophe for παρά. When taking a proper noun in the dative, παρά frequently means "at the house of."

6g. Πόνου μεταλλαχθέντος, etc.: "toils are pleasing, when labor is changed," i. e., change of labor enables us to endure toils more easily.

μεταλλαχθέντος: 1st aor. ptc. pass. > μεταλλάσσω. 

7a.  Ὃ μέλλεις πράττειν: "what you are about to do."

ἀποτυχὼν: "having failed," 2nd aor. ptc. act. > ἀποτυγχάνω.

γελασθήσῃ: 2nd sing. fut. ind. pass. > γελάω, with the Attic termination, in place of the common form γελασθήσῃ.

7b.  σκόπει: "see," 2nd sing. pres. imperat. act. > σκοπέω.

τὰς τιμὰς: "the honors which are their due," observe the force of the article.

μηδὲν: "in no respect."

ἀδικηθήσονται: 3rd pl. fut. ind. pass. > ἀδικέω.

7c. Theophrastus, Fr. 155 Wimmer = 469 Fortenbaugh. 

αἰδοῦ: "respect," 2nd sing. pres. imperat. mid. > αἰδέομαι. 

αἰσχυνθήσῃ: 2nd sg. fut. ind. pass. > αἰσχύνω "to feel shame before" a person (+ acc.) (LSJ αἰσχύνω B.II.3). "Respect yourself, and you will not feel shame before someone else." We are to understand this second person as someone who might witness disgraceful behavior, or in some other way become aware of it (Fortenbaugh).

7d. Ἅπαντα δόκει ποιεῖν, etc.: "think that you are doing all things, as if about to escape the observation of no one." The reference being to the same person implied by δόκει, the pronoun does not appear before the infinitive, but is understood in the nominative, and with this nominative λήσων agrees.

λήσων: "about to escape the notice of," 1st fut. ptc. act. > λανθάνω.

καὶ γὰρ ἐὰν, etc.: "for even though you may have concealed it for the present, you will afterward be discovered," i. e., "may have concealed what you are doing."

κρύψῃς: "you hid" 2nd sing. 1st aor. subj. act. > κρύπτω.

ὀφθήσει: "you will be seen," "you will be found out," 2nd sing. fut. ind. pass. > ὁράω. 

8a.  ἀποσταλεὶς: 2nd aor. ptc. pass. > ἀποστέλλω.

ὑδρεύσασθαι: "to draw water," 1st aor. inf. mid. > ὑδρεύω.

ἡρπάγη: "was forcibly carried off," 3rd sing. 2nd aor. ind. pass. > ἁρπάζω.

8b.  ῥᾶγα: > ῥάξ.

σταφυλῆς: gen. of source (G. 509a). 

καταπιὼν: 2nd aor. ptc. act. > καταπίνω.

ἀπεπνίγη: 3rd sing. 2nd aor. ind. pass. > ἀποπνίγω.

8c. ἐρρίφη: 3rd sing. 2nd aor. ind. pass. > ῥίπτω.

8d.  ἐκρύβη: "hid himself," 3rd sing. 2nd aor. ind. pass. > κρύπτω, in a middle sense.

πυθομένου: "having inquired," 2nd aor. ptc. mid. > πυνθάνομαι.

καιρὸν ἔχω μὴ ἀσθενήσας: "I have had a fair time of it in not having been sick," i.e., "I have been lucky enough not to be sick for some time back." Observe the force of καιρὸν, which, besides its other meanings, has that of "a favorable," or, "advantageous time;" χρόνον would have denoted mere continuance of time. The verb ἔχω implies here, in fact, "I have had and still have."

ἐλθεῖν: 2d aor. infin. act. > ἔρχομαι. 

8e.  Λέγεται, τὸν Κινέαν, etc.: "it is said that Cineas, when he perceived the spirit of the Romans, remarked to Pyrrhus, that their senate appeared to him an assembly of kings."

φανείη: 3rd sing. 2nd aor. opt. pass. > φαίνω, in a middle sense. The optative is used to express the view of the person whose remarks are being reported, not necessarily the author himself.

8f.  Συγκρινομένων: "being compared," gen. absolute.

φανείη ἂν: "will appear," a softened expression instead of φανήσεται, and meaning strictly, "will appear in all likelihood."