1a. πόνος εὐκλείας πατήρ.
1b. εὔκλειαν ἔλαβον οὐκ ἄνευ πολλῶν πόνων.
1c. ψυχῆς νοσούσης ἐστὶ φάρμακον λόγος.
1d. ψαλεπὸν τὸ γῆράς ἐστιν ἀνθρώποις βάρος.
1e. ὠκεανοῦ καὶ Τηθύος παῖς ἦν Ἴναχος, ἀφ’ οὗ ποταμὸς ἐν Ἄργει Ἴναχος καλεῖται.
1f. οὔτε τὸν ἄρρωστον ὠφελεῖ ἡ χρυσῆ κλίνη, οὔτε τὸν ἀνόητον ἡ ἐπίσημος εὐτυχία.
2a. οἱ τέττιγες σιτοῦνται τῆς δρόσου.
2b. δόξα καὶ πλοῦτος ἄνευ συνέσιος οὐκ ἀσφαλέα κτήματα.
2c. Ἀγαθοκλέους ἐκλελοιπότος, πάντα ἐν Σικελίᾳ μεστὰ ἦν στάσεως καὶ ἀναρχίας.
2d. ἐκ νεφέλης φέρεται χιόνος μένος ἠδὲ χαλάζης,
βροντὴ δ’ ἐκ λαμπρᾶς ἀστεροπῆς φέρεται,
ἐξ ἀνέμων δὲ θάλασσα ταράσσεται.
2e. ἡ τῶν βροτῶν φύσις καὶ νόσων ἥττων, καὶ γήρως, καὶ ἡ μοῖρα ἀπαραίτητος.
3a. Ἄργος ὁ πανόπτης ὀφθαλμοὺς εἶχεν ἐν παντὶ τῷ σώματι.
3b. Κλεάνθης ἔφη, τοὺς ἀπαιδεύτους μόνῃ τῇ μορφῇ τῶν θηρίων διαφέρειν.
3c. Ἀνάχαρσις ὀνειδιζόμενος, ὅτι Σκύθης ἦν, εἶπε, τῷ γένει, ἀλλ’ οὐ τῷ τρόπῳ.
3d. ἐξῆν καὶ τῷ Ἀχιλλεῖ ζῆν καὶ βασιλεύειν τῶν Μυρμιδόνων, καὶ τῷ Νέστορι ἐν Πύλῳ ἐν εἰρήνῃ ἄρχειν, καὶ τῷ Ὀδυσσεῖ οἴκοι μένειν, ἢ παρὰ Καλυψοῖ ἐν ἄντρῳ καταῤῥύτῳ καὶ κατασκίῳ, ἀγήρῳ ὄντι καὶ ἀθανάτῳ· ἀλλ’ οὐχ εἵλετο ἀθάνατος εἶναι, ἀργὸς ὢν, καὶ μηδὲν χρώμενος τῇ ἀρετῇ.
3e. δεῖ τοὺς νέους κοσμιότητι χρῆσθαι ἐν πορείᾳ καὶ σχήματι καὶ περιβολῇ.
3f. Ἡρακλῆς τῇ χολῇ τῆς Λερναίας ὕδρας τοὺς ὀϊστοὺς ἔβαψεν.
3g. Ἀκρίσιος τὴν ἑαυτοῦ θυγατέρα Δανάην μετὰ τοῦ παιδὸς Περσέως ἐν λάρνακι εἰς θάλασσαν ἔῤῥιψεν· ἡ δὲ λάρναξ προσηνέχθη Σερίφῳ τῇ νήσῳ.
4a. ποθεῖ ἄνθρωπος νύκτα μεθ’ ἥλιον, καὶ λιμὸν μετὰ κόρον, καὶ δίψαν μετὰ μέθην· κἂν ἀφέλῃς αὐτοῦ τὴν μεταβολὴν, λύπην τὴν ἡδονὴν ποιεῖς.
4b. Ἡρακλῆς ἔλαβε παρὰ Ἑρμοῦ μὲν ξίφος, παρ’ Ἀπόλλωνος δὲ τόξα, παρὰ Ἡφαίστου δὲ θώρακα χρυσοῦν, παρὰ δὲ Ἀθηνᾶς πέπλον.
4c. ὦ Ζεῦ, καὶ Ἀθηνᾶ, καὶ Ἄπολλον, δότε μοι ἀρετὴν ψυχῆς, καὶ ἡσυχίαν βίου, καὶ ζωὴν ἄμεμπτον, καὶ εὔελπιν θάνατον.
5a. Ξέρξου ἐν Ἑλλάδι πολεμοῦντος, ἡ αὐτοῦ μήτηρ ἐδόκει ἐν ὀνείροις ἰδεῖν δύο γυναῖκε, μεγέθει πολὺ ἐκπρεπεστάτα, κάλλει ἀμώμω, καὶ κασιγνήτα τοῦ αὐτοῦ γένους, Ἀσίαν καὶ Ἑλλάδα.
5b. Φίλιππος γενόμενος κριτὴς δυεῖν πονηροῖν, ἐκέλευσε τὸν μὲν φεύγειν ἐκ Μακεδονίας, τὸν δὲ ἕτερον διώκειν.
6a. κολάζονται ἐν ᾅδου πάντες οἱ κακοὶ, βασιλεῖς, δοῦλοι, σατράπαι, πένητες, πλούσιοι, πτωχοί.
6b. αἱ Φόρκου θυγατέρες γραῖαι ἦσαν ἐκ γενετῆς, ἕνα τε ὀφθαλμὸν καὶ ἕνα ὀδόντα εἶχον, τρεῖς οὖσαι, καὶ ταῦτα παρὰ μέρος ἀλλήλαις ὤπασαν.
6c. Κλεάνθης εἰς ὄστρακα καὶ βοῶν ὠμοπλάτας ἔγραφεν ἅπερ ἤκουε παρὰ τοῦ Ζήνωνος ἀπορίᾳ κερμάτων, ὥστε ὠνήσασθαι χάρτια.
7a. θεὸς ἑκάστῳ ὅπλον τι ἔνειμε, λέουσιν ἀλκὴν καὶ ταχυτῆτα, ταύροις κέρατα, μελίσσαις κέντρα, ἀνδρὶ λόγον καὶ σοφίαν.
7b. Χείρων ὁ Κένταυρος τὸν Ἀχιλλέα, παῖδα ἔτι ὄντα, ἔτρεφε σπλάγχνοις λεόντων καὶ συῶν ἀγρίων, καὶ ἄρκτων μυελοῖς, καὶ καρτερὸν ἔθηκε καὶ ποδώκη.
7c. Ζήνων ἔφη, δεῖν τὰς πόλεις κοσμεῖν οὐκ ἀναθήμασιν, ἀλλὰ ταῖς τῶν οἰκούντων ἀρεταῖς.
7g. ἡ Λερναία ὕδρα εἶχεν ὑπερμέγεθες σῶμα, κεφαλὰς δὲ ἐννέα, τὰς μὲν ὀκτὼ θνητὰς, τὴν δὲ μέσην ἀθάνατον.
notes
1a. πόνος: supply ἐστί.
1b. ἔλαβον: “I obtained,” 1st sing. 2nd aor. ind. act. > λαμβάνω.
1c. ψυχῆς νοσούσης, etc.: the order is, λόγος ἐστὶ φάρμακον νοσούσης ψυχῆς.
λόγος: “converse,” i.e., friendly communing.
νοσούσης ψυχῆς: “of a distempered spirit,” i.e., of a mind ill at ease.
νοσούσης: gen. sing. fem. pres. part. act. > νοσέω.
1d. χαλεπὸν τὸ γῆρας, etc.: the order is, τὸ γῆράς ἐστι χαλεπὸν βάρος τοῖς ἀνθρώποις.
χαλεπὸν βάρος: "a difficult burden."
1e. ἀφ’ οὗ: consult note to Contracted Declension, C9.
καλεῖται: "is called," 3rd sing. pres. ind. pass. > καλέω.
1f. οὔτε ... οὔτε: “neither ... nor.”
ὠφελεῖ: 3rd sing. pres. ind. act. > ὠφελέω.
2a. σιτοῦνται: “feed upon,” literally, “feed themselves upon,” 3rd pl. pres. ind. mid. > σιτέω; The thing fed upon follows in the gen., partitive genitive with the thing fed upon.the reference being to a part of the whole.
2b. οὐκ: “are not,” supply εἰσί.
2c. Ἀγαθοκλέους ἐκλελοιπότος: “when Agathocles had died,” more literally, “Agathocles having departed,” gen. absolute.
ἐκλελοιπότος: gen. sing. perf. part. mid. > ἐκλείπω.
στάσεως: this and the other gen., ἀναρχίας, are both governed by μεστὰ, an adjective of plenty.
2d. ἐκ νεφέλης, etc.: “from the clouds is borne onward abundance of snow and of hail." The expression μένος χιόνος, etc., is a poetic one, and means literally, “the might of snow and hail.” It carries with it the combined ideas of abundance and force, so that in the present instance the allusion will be to an abundant rushing of snow and hail from the clouds.
βροντὴ δὲ φέρεται: “thunder, too, is produced,” i.e., is the result of.
Ἐξ ἀνέμων δὲ: “by the minds moreover."
ταράσσεται: 3rd sing. pres. ind. pass. > ταράσσω.
2e. καὶ νόσων ἥττων, etc.: “is subject to both diseases and old age,” literally, “is less than,” i.e., is inferior to, is less powerful than; supply ἐστί.
3a. εἶχεν: 3rd sing. imperf. ind. act. > ἔχω.
3b. τοὺς ἀπαιδεύτους διαφέρειν: “that the uneducated differed,” acc. with inf.
διαφέρειν: imperf. inf. act. > διαφέρω, followed in construction by the gen. of the thing differed from (θηρίων).
3c. ὀνειδιζόμενος, ὅτι: “on being reproached, because,” pres. part. pass. > ὀνειδίζω.
τῷ γένει, etc.: “I am a Scythian in my birth, but not in my manner of acting,” i.e., but not in my character; supply Σκύθης εἰμί.
ἀλλ’: > ἀλλά.
3d. ἐξῆν: “it was permitted,” i.e, it was in the power of, it was optional with; 3rd sing. imperf. ind. > ἔξεστι.
ζῆν: pres. inf. act. of ζάω. The Attics contract –αε into –η, and –αει into –ῃ, in the four verbs, ζάω, διψάω, πεινάω, and χράομαι. This is properly a Doric and Ionic usage.
βασιλεύειν: pres. inf. act. > βασιλεύω. This verb governs the genitive, as being equivalent to βασιλεύς εἰμι.
ἄρχειν: pres. inf. act. > ἄρχω, which also governs the gen. (not expressed here), as being equivalent to ἄρχων εἰμί.
μένειν: pres. infin. act. > μένω.
ἢ παρὰ: “than to abide with," supply μένειν or something equivalent.
ὄντι: “being at the same time,” dat. sing. pres. part. > εἰμί.
ἀλλ’ οὐχ εἵλετο: “he preferred not, however," literally, "but he chose not for himself;” 3rd sing. 2nd aor. ind. mid. > αἱρέω.
ἀργὸς ὢν: “remaining in indolence,” i.e., leading an indolent life, literally, “being indolent."
καὶ μηδὲν χρώμενος τῇ ἀρετῇ: “and in no respect exercising manly virtue."
μηδὲν: neut. > μηδείς, is the accusative of nearer definition, or, as others say, is governed by κατά understood.
χρώμενος: pres. part. mid. > χράομαι.
3e. δεῖ τοὺς νέους, etc.: “it behooves the young to use moderation in gait, and general deportment, and dress.” More freely, “the young ought to be modest in gait, general deportment, and attire."
δεῖ: an impersonal verb, construed here with the acc. and inf.
χρῆσθαι: pres. inf. mid. > χράομαι.
3f. ἔβαψεν: 3rd sing. 1st aor. ind. act. > βάπτω.
3g. μετὰ τοῦ παιδὸς Περσέως: "along with her young son Perseus."
ἔρριψεν: 3rd sing. 1st aor. ind. act. > ῥίπτω.
προσηνέχθη: "was carried," 3rd sing. 1st aor. ind. pass. > προσφέρω.
4a. ποθεῖ: 3rd sing. pres. ind. act. > ποθέω.
μεθ’ ἥλιον: "after the sun," i.e., after the glare of the sunlight.
μεθ’: > μετά, having lost the final vowel by apostrophe, and the preceding consonant being changed into an aspirate.
κἂν ἀφέλῃς, etc.: “and if you take from him this change, you make his pleasure sorrow," i.e., you convert into a source of discomfort, what would otherwise prove a source of pleasure
κἂν: contraction > καὶ ἄν.
ἀφέλῃς: 2nd sing. 2nd aor. subj. act. > ἀφαιρέω.
ποιεῖς: 2nd sing. pres. ind. act. > ποιέω.
4b. ἔλαβε: “received,” 3rd sing. 2nd aor. ind. act > λαμβάνω.
παρ’: for παρά.
τόξα: “a bow and arrows," the force of the plural.
4c. δότε: 2nd pl. 2nd aor. imperat. act. > δίδωμι.
5a. Ξέρξου πολεμοῦντος: “while Xerxes was carrying on war," gen. absolute.
πολεμοῦντος: gen. sing. imperf. part. act. > πολεμέω.
ἐδόκει: "thought," literally, “seemed," i.e., to her herself; 3rd sing. imperf. ind. act. > δοκέω.
ἰδεῖν: “that she saw,” 2nd aor. inf. act. > εἴδω. Where no pronoun is expressed with the infinitive, as in the present case, the reference is to the same person that is implied by the preceding verb, and the pronoun is in fact understood in the nominative. Thus, ἐδόκει ἰδεῖν is for ἐδόκει αὐτὴ ἰδεῖν.
ἐκπρεπεστάτα: acc. dual of the superlative > ἐκπρεπής.
τοῦ αὐτοῦ γένους: “of the same lineage."
5b. Φίλιππος: The well-known King of Macedonia, father of Alexander.
γενόμενος: “having become,” 2nd aor. part. mid. > γίνομαι.
ἐκέλευσε: 3rd sing. 1st aor. ind. act. > κελεύω.
τὸν μὲν ... τὸν δὲ: “the one ... the other."
φεύγειν: pres. inf. act. > φεύγω.
διώκειν: pres. inf. act.
6a. κολάζονται: 3rd pl. pres. ind. pass. > κολάζω.
ἐν ᾅδου: “in hades," i.e., in the lower or invisible world. In this form of expression ᾅδου is governed by οἴκῳ or δώματι understood, and hence it means literally, “in the abode or mansion of hades.
6b. ἦσαν: “were,” 3rd pl. imperf. ind. > εἰμί.
ἐκ γενετῆς: “from their birth."
ἕνα: acc. sing. masc. > εἷς, μία, ἕν.
εἶχον: 3rd pl. imperf. ind. act. > ἔχω.
τρεῖς οὖσαι: although they were three in number,” literally, “being three."
καὶ ταῦτα: “and these,” referring to the eye and tooth, regarded as things, and therefore neut.
παρὰ μέρος: “by turns."
ὤπασαν: “they imparted,” 3rd pl. 1st aor. ind. act. > ὀπάζω.
6c. εἰς: “on."
ἔγραφεν: “used to write," 3rd sing. imperf. ind. act. > γράφω.
ἅπερ: "whatsoever things,” acc. pl. neut. > ὅσπερ, ἥπερ, ὅπερ.
ἤκουε: 3rd sing. imperf. ind. act. > ἀκούω.
ἀπορίᾳ κερμάτων: “from an absolute want of a few pieces of money.” As we would say, “from the want of a few pence."
ὥστε ὠνήσασθαι: "with which to purchase," literally, "so as to purchase,” 1st aor. inf. mid. > ὠνέομαι.
7a. ἔνειμε: “has bestowed,” 3rd sing. 1st aor. ind. act. > νέμω.
ταχυτῆτα: acc. sing. > ταχυτής.
κέρατα: acc. pl. > κέρας.
7b. παῖδα ἔτι ὄντα: "while yet a child,” literally, “being as yet a child."
ὄντα: acc. sing. pres. part. > εἰμί.
ἔτρεφε: 3rd sing. imperf. ind. act. > τρέφω.
ἔθηκε: “rendered him," i.e., made him by this species of food; 3rd sing. 1st. aor. ind. act. > τίθημι.
7c. ἔφη: 3rd sing. imperf. ind. > φημί.
δεῖν τὰς πόλεις κοσμεῖν: “that it behooved to adorn states,” i e., that the true mode of adorning a state was. The impersonal δεῖν (inf. > δεῖ) is here construed with the infinitive (κοσμεῖν > κοσμέω) and the acc. ἀνθρώπους understood.
τῶν οἰκούντων: "of their inhabitants,” literally, “of those inhabiting them"; gen. pl. > οἰκῶν, pres. part. act. > οἱκέω.
7d. τὰς μὲν ὀκτὼ: “eight."
τὴν δὲ μέσην: agreeing with κεφαλήν understood.