“sicine me patriis avectam, perfide, ab aris,

perfide, deserto liquisti in litore, Theseu?

sicine discedens neglecto numine divum

immemor ah devota domum periuria portas?

nullane res potuit crudelis flectere mentis

consilium? tibi nulla fuit clementia praesto

immite ut nostri vellet miserescere pectus?

at non haec quondam blanda promissa dedisti

voce mihi, non haec miserae sperare iubebas,

sed conubia laeta, sed optatos hymenaeos:

quae cuncta aerii discerpunt irrita venti.

nunc iam nulla viro iuranti femina credat,

nulla viri speret sermones esse fideles:

quis dum aliquid cupiens animus praegestit apisci,

nil metuunt iurare, nihil promittere parcunt:

sed simul ac cupidae mentis satiata libido est,

dicta nihil meminere, nihil periuria curant.

certe ego te in medio versantem turbine leti

eripui et potius germanum amittere crevi

quam tibi fallaci supremo in tempore deessem:

pro quo dilaceranda feris dabor alitibusque

praeda neque iniecta tumulabor mortua terra.

quaenam te genuit sola sub rupe leaena,

quod mare conceptum spumantibus exspuit undis.

quae Syrtis, quae Scylla rapax, quae vasta Charybdis,

talia qui reddis pro dulci praemia vita?

si tibi non cordi fuerant conubia nostra,

saeva quod horrebas prisci praecepta parentis,

at tamen in vestras potuisti ducere sedes

quae tibi iucundo famularer serva labore

candida permulcens liquidis vestigia lymphis

purpureave tuum constemens veste cubile.

sed quid ego ignaris nequiquam conqueror auris

exsternata malo, quae nullis sensibus auctae

nec missas audire queunt nec reddere voces?

ille autem prope iam mediis versatur in undis,

nec quisquam adparet vacua mortalis in alga.

sic nimis insultans extremo tempore saeva

fors etiam nostris invidit questibus auris.

Iuppiter omnipotens, utinam ne tempore primo

Gnosia Cecropiae tetigissent litora puppes,

indomito nec dira ferens stipendia tauro

perfidus in Creta religasset navita funem,

nec malus hic celans dulci crudelia forma

consilia in nostris requiesset sedibus hospes!

nam quo me referam? quali spe perdita nitor?

Idaeosne petam montes? ah, gurgite lato

discernens ponti truculentum ubi dividit aequor?

an patris auxilium sperem, quemne ipsa reliqui

respersum iuvenem fraterna caede secuta?

coniugis an fido consoler memet amore,

quine fugit lentos incurvans gurgite remos?

praeterea nullo litus, sola insula, tecto,

nec patet egressus pelagi cingentibus undis:

nulla fugae ratio, nulla spes: omnia muta,

omnia sunt deserta, ostentant omnia letum.

non tamen ante mihi languescent lumina morte,

nec prius a fesso secedent corpore sensus

quam iustam a divis exposcam prodita multam

caelestumque fidem postrema comprecer hora.

quare, facta virum multantes vindice poena

Eumenides, quibus anguino redimita capillo

frons exspirantis praeportat pectoris iras,

huc huc adventate, meas audite querelas,

quas ego, vae miserae, extremis proferre medullis

cogor inops, ardens, amenti caeca furore.

quae quoniam verae nascuntur pectore ab imo,

vos nolite pati nostrum vanescere luctum,

sed quali solam Theseus me mente reliquit,

tali mente, deae, funestet seque suosque.”

    Catullus knew Medea's rhetorical tour de force at 4.355-90 very well indeed. Ariadne's soliloquy (64.132-201) constantly echoes it: 

    132-201: Ariadnes lament. She begins with reproaches against Theseus (132-63): then surveys her own desperate situation (164-87): and ends with a prayer to heaven for vengeance (188–201). The first part is reminiscent of Medeas lament in Euripides (Medea 465ff.) and in Apollonius (iv. 355 ff.); in its turn it has been used by Virgil (Aen. iv. 305 ff.) and Ovid (Heroides 10, Fasti iii. 459 ff.).

    132  sicine: in an indignant, disillusioned question-"you have left me like this, have you?"

    132  patriis: i.e. the altars of her ancestral gods, as in Virg. Aen. xi. 269 inuidisse deos patriis ut redditus aris / coniugium optatum et pulchram Calydona uiderem.

    134  neglecto numine diuum: "indifferent to the will of the gods, by whom he had sworn."

    135  portas: he carries a freight of broken promises: there is a curious parallel in Demosthenes, de Falsa Leg. 220 ὑμεῖς τὴν ἄραν καίτην έπιορκίαν οίκάδε ἐσηνέγκατε.

    135  deuota: “under curse”: deuouere is to make over to the gods of the underworld: cf. Hor. Od. iii. 4. 27 deuota arbosEpod. xvi. 9 deuoti sanguinis aetas.

    138  uellet miserescere: “was prepared to pity, felt like pitying.”

    139  at non haec: the same formula in Nonnus xlvii. 368–9(spoken by Ariadne), οὐ τάδε μοι κατέλεξεν έμόν μίτον είσέτι πάλλων, οὐτάδε μοι κατέλεξε παρ ήμετέρῳ λαβυρίνθῳ, indicates that Catullus words had the same Alexandrian original behind them (cf. 160).

    139  blanda: since the anaphora non haec . . . non haec requires that mihi belong to the first clause, nobis is not wanted. On the other hand uoce needs an epithet in this context and blanda uoce is a familiar combination (Ennius 50 V. blanda voce vocabam, Ov. A.A. і. 703, Virg. Aen. i. 670 blandis vоcibus).

    140  miserae: the dative after iubere is a doubtful construction for which Cic. Att, ix. 13. 2 hae mihi litterae Dolabellae iubent ad pristinas cogitationes reuerti, provides insufficient support, since there mihi can be taken as an ethic dative (I find Dolabella’s letters telling me . . .); the earliest certain examples are in Tacitus. misere sperare might be supported by misere cupere (desire desperately) but hardly suits this context, and the old correction miseram may well be right, the corruption being due to assimilating miseram to mihi.

    140  sperare iubebas: cf. Virg. Georg. iv. 325 (the disappointed Aristaeus) quid me caelum sperare iubebas?

    141  conubia ... hymenaeos: cf. Virg. Aen. iv. 316 per conubia nostra, per inceptos hymenaeos: Catullus has the plural conubia(perhaps suggested by the common γάμοι, λέκτρα) again in 158, 62. 27.

    142  irrita: “tear them into nothingness”: for the proleptic use cf. 30. 10 irrita ferre, Virg. Aen. ix. 313 aurae /... omnia discerpunt et nubibus irrita donant.

    143  nunc iam: Ovid borrows this line for his Ariadne (addressing Dionysus, who she thinks has deserted her, not Theseus), Fastiiii. 473 ff. dicebam, memini, “periure et perfide Theseu ": / ille abiit; eadem crimina Bacchus habet: / nunc quoque "nulla uiro" clamabo“ femina credat".

    145  quis: the antecedent is to be understood out of the singular uiro. For the dative cf. 193, 203, 263, 307, 63. 37.

    145  praegestit: the prefix is intensive as in praetrepidans, 46. 7.

    145  apisci: the simple verb, normal in comedy, was displaced in later usage by the compound adipisci but survives as a mannered archaism as late as Tacitus: cf..150 creui.

    146  nil metuunt iurare: there is no oath they scruple to take, no promise they forbear to make.

    148  metuere: the change from metuunt (146) to metuere and the combination of the gnomic perfect metuere with the present curant are awkward and dicta metuere is a surprising phrase.

    149  in medio...turbine leti: for the metaphorical use of turbo cf. Ov. Met. vii. 614 attonitus tanto miserarum turbine rerum, Sil. ix. 287 fati tam saeuo in turbine. This intensive use of medius is common in poetry: so Virg. Aen. vi. 339 mediis effusus in undis, 342 medio sub aequore mersit, iv. 620 media inhumatus harena, vii. 372 mediae Mycenae, Prop. i. II. I mediis cessantem ... Baiis, iv. 2. 40 medio puluere ferre rosam, Juv: 3. 80 mediis sed natus Athenis (a thorough Athenian); in non-spatial contexts, Virg. Ecl. 10,65 frigoribus mediisAen. ii. 533 in media iam morte tenetur, Georg. i. 230 ad medias sementem extende pruinas (right into the frosts); similarly in prose medius is idiomatically applied to what is essential or genuine, as opposed to what is marginal, Cic. Or. 11 ingressionem e media philosophia repetitam (genuine philosophy), Tusc. iii. 70 in media stultitia haerere, Leg. ii. 53 hoc e medio est iure ciuili (essential law), Off. i. 63 quae sunt ex media laude iustitiae.

    150  germanum is not strictly true: the Minotaur was her half-brother, the unnatural offspring of Pasiphae and the bull.

    150  creui: decided: the old use of the simple verb (cf. Lucil. 122 M. praesidium castris educere creuit), later supplanted by decerno, survived in legal language (e.g. Cic. Leg. iii. 6 quodcumque senatus creuerit agunto).

    151  supremo in tempore: for tempus of a critical point of time cf. 169 extremo tempore, Hor. Od. ii. 7. 1. o saepe mecum tempus in ultimum / deducte.

    152  feris ... alitibusque: cf. Hom. Il. i. 4 αὐτοὺς δὲ ἐλώρια τεύχε κύνεσσι | οἰωνοΐσί τε πάσι, Soph. An . 29 άκλαυστον άταφον οἰωνοῖς γλυκύν | θησαυρόν εἰσορῶσι πρός χάριν βορᾶς , Ovid characteristically makes his Ariadne enumerate the likely fauna: Her. 10. 83 ff. iam iam uenturos aut hac aut suspicor illac /qui lanient auido uiscera dente lupos; / forsitan et fuluos tellus alat ista leones; / quis scit an et saeuam tigrida Dia ferat?

    153  iniacta ... terra: without burial-or at least the token burial of the scattering of earth-the spirit has no rest.

    154-6 to the lioness and themonstrous legendary whirlpools, types of heartless cruelty, the Syrtes, the dreaded shallows off the African coast, are added here as they are in Ov. Met. viii. 120.

    154  sola sub rupe: so Virg. Ecl. 10. 14

    156  uasta Carybdis: Lucretius has the same phrase (i. 722) and Virgil uses the whole line, Aen. vii. 302 quid Syrtes aut Scylla mihi, quid uasta Charybdis / profuit? The basic implication of uastus (a cognate of uacuus and uanus) is the emptiness or desolation which repels or appals the beholder. It is a favourite word with Virgil, who uses it in a great variety of contexts, always charged with an emotional suggestion of awe or horror: so of the sea, Aen, i. 118 rari nantes in gurgite uasto, iii. 191 uastum aequor, iii. 421 uastos fluctus, vi.296 uasta uoragine; of beasts, viii. 295 uastum leonem; of sounds, i. 245 uasto cum murmure montis, x. 716 uasto clamore lacessunt. Similarly in common speech uastus expresses a repellent uncouthness without any suggestion of size: so uastus homo (Cic. de Or. i. I17), uasta littera (Cic, Or. 153, of the repulsive sound of x), uasta oratio (ad Her, ιω. 18).

    157  qui reddis: the indicative in a relative clause of this type is the original usage; in Plautus indicative and subjunctive are interchangeable (Men. 309 insanit hic quidem qui ipse male dicit sibi but 312 tu ... non sanus satis . . . qui nunc ipsus male dicas tibi) and the indicative is the commoner; even Cicero sometimes chooses to use an indicative attributive clause instead of emphasizing the causal relation with the subjunctive (Att. xiii. 29. 3 o te ferreum qui illius periculis non moueris, 18). but Att. x. 10. I me caecum qui haec antea non uiderim; Acad, i. 18 sumne sanus qui haec uos doceo?).

    158  fuerant: the appearance of the pluperfect where the imperfect might be expected can often be explained by the fact that it expresses a remote past state not in relation to the present but in relation to an intermediate event or state which is implied: e.g. Ter. Hec. 648 si dudum fuerat ambiguum hoc mihi, nunc non est (if it had been doubtful before I learned better), Virg. Aen. v. 397 si mihi quae quondam fuerat . . . foret illa iuuentus (which I had had before I grew old), Prop. i. 12. 11 non sum ego qui fueram (the man I had been before Cynthia left me), Ov. Am. epig. I qui modo Nasonis fueramus quinque libelli, / tres sumus (who had been five before two were removed). But in many cases, as here, such precision of thought cannot be read into.it: the pluperfect encroached on the imperfect in colloquial speech, and poets (espeçially Propertius and Ovid) found its metrical convenience tempting.

    159  prisci: old-fashioned, with the implication of severity: cf. Hor. Od. iii. 21. 2.  prisci CatonisCopa 34 pereat cui sunt prisca supercilia.

    160 ff.  attamen . . . cubile: the turn is as old as Euripides: fr.132 Ν. (Αndromeda) ἄγου δέ μ᾽, ὦ ξέν᾽, είτε πρόσπολον θέλεις | εἴτ᾽ ἄλοχονεἴτε δμωίδα. The resemblance in phrasing to Nonnus version of Ariadnes lament (xlvii. 390 ff,) suggests that Catullus and he were using the same Hellenistic source (cf.139):

    δέξό με σῶν λεχέων θαλαμηπόλον, ἢν ἐθελήσῃς:

    καὶ στορέσω σέο λέκτρα... μετὰ Κρήτην Ἀριάδνη,

    οἷά τε ληισθεῖσα: καὶ ὀλβίστῃ σέο νύμφῃ

    τλήσομαι, ὡς θεράπαινα, πολύκροτον ἱστὸν ὑφαίνειν

    καὶ φθονεροῖς ὤμοισιν ἀήθεα κάλπιν ἀείρειν,

    395καὶ γλυκερῷ Θησῆι φέρειν ἐπιδόρπιον ὕδωρ:

    161  quae: the antecedent is me understood with ducere,

    162  permulcens . . . lymphis: cf. Pacuvius, fr. 244 R. (Euryclea speaks to the disguised Ulysses) cedo tuum pedem mi lymphis flauis fuluum ut puluerem / manibus isdem quibus Ulixi saepe permulsi abluam.

    162  uestigia: feet: first here in this use in which later poets find a convenient synonym for pedes: e.g. Virg. Aen. v. 566 uestigia primi / alba pedis frontemque ostentans ... albam.

    164  sed quid ego: Ariadne breaks off her vain reproaches with the same formula with which the poet interrupts himself at 116.

    165  nullis sensibus auctae: endowed with no feelings: cf. Lucr. iii. 630 sic animas intro duxerunt sensibus auctas.

    166  audire ... reddere: can neither hear words uttered nor give them in reply: cf. Virg. Aen. i. 409 ueras audire et reddere uoces, vi. 689.

    169  insultans . . . saeua fors: cf. Hor. Od, iii. 29. 49 Fortunas aeuo laeta negotio et / ludum insolentem ludere pertinax.

    169  extremo tempore: see on 151.

    170  etiam with inuidit: “even grudges my plaint a hearing.”

    171 utinam ne ...: cf. Ennius, Medea 246 V. utinam ne in nemore Pelio securibus / caesa accedisset abiegna ad terram trabes / neue inde nauis incohandi exordium / coepisset, &c., a passage itself suggested by the opening lines of Euripides Medea, Εἴθ᾽ ὤφελ᾽Ἀργοῦς μὴ διαπτάσθαι σκάφος, κτλ . Virgil varies the motif, Aen. iv, 657-8 heu nimium felix si litora tantum / numquam Dardaniae tetigissent nostra carinae.

    172  Cnosia: Minos palace was indeed at Cnossus, but the adjective is no doubt used here, as often elsewhere (e.g. Virg. Georg. i. 222), as equivalent to Cretan: so Gortynia 75.

    173  dira . . . stipendia: the grim tribute, i.e. the human tribute paid to the Minotaur (75 ff.): stipendia implies a regular payment.

    174  in Cretam religasset must mean unmoored his ship for the voyage to Crete: but while religare can mean untie, with funem, nauem, and the like as object it is so regular in the sense of tie up that Catullus is unlikely to have used it otherwise here and Creta should probably be preferred, tied up his cable in Crete: cf. Ov. Met. xiv. 248 Circaeo religata in litore pinu, xiii. 439 litore Threicio classem religarat Atrides.

    177  nam: the connexion is “I wish he had never come here: for he has left me in a desperate plight.” Ariadnes analysis of her dilemma recalls Medea’s in Euripides (502 ff )

    νῦν ποῖ τράπωμαι; πότερα πρὸς πατρὸς δόμους,

    οὓς σοὶ προδοῦσα καὶ πάτραν ἀφικόμην;

    ἢ πρὸς ταλαίνας Πελιάδας; καλῶς γ᾽ ἂν οὖν

    505δέξαιντό μ᾽ οἴκοις ὧν πατέρα κατέκτανον.

    178  Idaeos: the mountains of her native Crete (Call. Hymn. 1.51 Ἰδαίοις ἐν ὄρεσσι), where Mount Ida (mons Idaeus in Virg. Aen. iii. 105) dominates the island.

    180  an ... reliqui?: “or am I to hope for help from my father ? The father that I left of my own free will?” The relative clause is put as a question (so quine 183), as often in the dialogue of comedy: e.g. Ter. Ph. 921-3 illud mihi / argentum rursum iube rescribi, Phormio. /porro illis quibus debui? (you mean the money I paid out?).

    181  caede: “blood.”

    182 consoler: Ariadne’s rhetoric is better than her logic when she speaks of finding comfort in a husband’s love for a husbands desertion.

    183  lentos: the basic meaning of lentus seems to be yielding under pressure: so, as one or other half of that definition is emphasized, it means on the one hand (1) flexible, pliant and on the. . . (2) sticky, tough, viscous (and metaphorically slow, phlegmatic ). That the meaning here is (1), lentos repeating the notion of incuruans, is shown by Virg. Aen. iii.384 Trinacria lentandus ("must be made lentus", i.e. bent) remus in unda.

    184  nullo colitur . . . tecto: is inhabited by no dwelling: so Ovid’s Ariadne says (Her. 10. 59) uacat insula cultu..

    186  nullâ spes: cf. Prop. iv. 3. 53 omnia surda tacent, Virg. Aen. i. 91 praesentemque uiris intentant omnia mortem.

    190  multam: properly a legal fine or forfeit: a prosaic word, not elsewhere used in elevated verse.

    192-3 Ariadne appeals to the Furies, in Homer the punishers of perjury: II. xix . 259 ff. Ἐρινύες, αἵ θ᾽ ὑπὸ γαῖαν / ἀνθρώπους τίνυνται, ὅτις κ᾽ ἐπίορκον ὀμόσσῃ

    192  uindice: here first used adjectivally: again in Ov. Met, i.230 uindice flamma. Note the threefold repetition of the same idea in multantes uindice poena.

    193  anguino ... capillo: in literature as in art the Furies are depicted with snakes for hair (or with snakes entwined in their hair): Pausanias (i. 28. 6) says that Aeschylus was the first so to represent them (Cho. 1049 πεπλεκτανημέναι / πυκνοῖς δράκουσιν): cf. Virg._Georg. iv. 482 caeruleosque implexae crinibus angues / Eumenides, Tib. 1. 3. 69 Tisiphoneque impexa feros pro crinibus angues.

    194  exspirantis: with iras: whose brows wreathed with snaky hair display the blast of wrath from their hearts

    194  praeportat: in the sense of prae se fert; elsewhere only in Catullus contemporaries Lucretius (ii. 621 telaque praeportant violenti signa furoris) and Cicero (Arat. 430 prae se /scorpius infestus praeportans flebile acumen).

    195  huc huc: marking the summons to the goddesses.

    196  uae, usually accompanied by a dative (though in 8. 15 Catullus uses it with an accusative), is here used absolutely as in Ov. Am. iii. 6. 101 uae demens narrabam, Hor. Od. i.13. 3 uae meum tumet iecur, Virg. Ecl. 9. 28.

    196  extremis ... medullis: for extremus in this context cf. Ov. Her. 4. 70 acer in extremis ossibus haesit amor.

    197  cogor: i.e. by destiny; this use of the verb is a mannerism in Propertius (e.g. i. 16. 13 grauibus cogor deflere querellis).

    198  quae quoniam: a favourite connective formula in Lucretius (e.g. i. 21).

    198   pectore ab imo: Lucretius has the same verse ending in iii. 57.

    perfidus –a –um faithless, treacherous, false

    a ab abs(away) from; by (agency) + abl.

    ara arae f. altar

    perfidus –a –um faithless, treacherous, false

    desertus –a –um desolate; abandoned; uninhabited, solitary, lonely

    linquo linquere liqui to leave, relinquish

    litus litoris n. sea–shore

    Theseus –i m. Theseus

    sicine sic + interrog. –ne: is this the way?

    discedo discedere discessi discessum to go away, depart

    neglego neglegere neglexi neglectus to disregard, neglect, ignore

    numen numinis n. divine power/will, divinity, divine spirit, num en

    divus (dius) divi m. god, deity; the sky

    immemor unmindful, forgetful

    a expletive of distress, pity, or entreaty

    devotus –a –um accursed; vowed as an offering; devoted, zealously attached

    periurium (peiurium ) –i n. false oath, lie

    porto portare portavi portatus to carry a load, transport

    res rei f. thing; property; matter, affair; activity; situation

    possum posse potui to be able, can

    crudelis crudelecruel, hardhearted, unmerciful, severe, bloodthirsty, savage, inhum an; harsh, bitter

    flecto flectere flexi flexus to bend, curve, bow; turn, curl; persuade, prevail on, soften

    mens mentis f. mind; intention, purpose; attitude

    consilium consilii n. deliberation; plan, advice; judgment

    clementia –ae f. mildness, gentleness, mercy

    praesto ready, available, at hand, waiting, on the spot, at one's service

    immitis –ehard, harsh, cruel

    volo velle volui to be willing, want, wish; mean, signify

    miseresco –ereto feel pity, alone, or w. genit. (> misereo)

    pectus pectoris n. chest, breast; heart

    quondam formerly, once, at one time

    blandus –a –um flattering, charming, pleasant; attractive

    promissum –i n. a promise; a thing promised; prize

    vox vocis f. voice; word

    miser misera miserum wretched, pitiable, miserable

    spero sperare speravi speratus to hope (for)

    iubeo iubere iussi iussus to order/tell/command/direct; enjoin/command; decree/enact; request/ask/bid; pray

    conubium –ii n. marriage

    laetus –a –um joyful, cheerful, glad, joyous, rejoicing, happy, pleased, delighted, full of joy

    optatus –a –um desired, longed for, much desired; (adv.), optato, according to one's wish; in good time

    hymenaeus –i m. the Greek wedding refrain, hymeneal; personified as god of marriage; pl. marriage

    cunctus –a –um all, entire, all together

    aerius –a –um pertaining to the air; airy, aerial; rising into the air; towering, lofty; air–cleaving

    discerpo –ere –cerpsi –cerptus to pluck asunder, to tear in pieces; disperse (> dis– and carpo)

    irritus (inritus) –a –um invalid, void

    ventus venti m. wind

    iuro iurare iuravi iuratus to swear; call to witness; vow obedience to; [jus jurandum => oath]; conspire

    femina feminae f. woman; wife

    credo credere credidi creditus to trus t, believe (+ dat.); entrus t

    spero sperare speravi speratus to hope (for)

    sermo sermonis m. conversation, discussion; rum or; diction; speech; talk; the word

    fidelis fidelefaithful/loyal/devoted; true/trus tworthy/dependable/reliable; constant/lasting

    cupio cupere cupii/cupivi cupitus to wish/long/be eager for; desire/want, covet; desire as a lover; favor, wish well

    animus animi m. (rational) soul, mind; spirit; pl., strong feelings

    praegestio –ireto have an overpowering desire, be especially eager for

    apiscor –apisci aptus sum to seize, grasp; obtain

    metuo metuere metui to fear, dread

    iuro iurare iuravi iuratus to swear; call to witness; vow obedience to; [jus jurandum => oath]; conspire

    promitto promittere promisi promissus to send forth, let loose; let (hair etc) grow long; promise

    parco parcere peperci parsus to forbear, refrain from; spare; show consideration; be economical/thrifty with (+ dat.)

    simulac or simul acas soon as, the moment that

    cupidus –a –um desirous (+ gen. )

    mens mentis f. mind; intention, purpose; attitude

    satio satiare satiavi satiatum to satisfy, sate

    libido libidinis f. desire/longing/wish/fancy; lus t, wantonness; will/pleasure; passion/lus ts (pl.)

    dictum dicti n. word; saying

    metuo metuere metui to fear, dread

    periurium (peiurium ) –i n. false oath, lie

    curo curare curavi curatus to arrange/see/attend to; take care of; provide for; worry/care about; heal/cure; undertake; procure; regard w/anxiety/interest; take trouble/interest; desire

    certo or certe (certius)without doubt, certainly, definitely

    medius –a –um middle (of); as subst., midst; in the middle, in half

    versor versari versatus to be involved

    turbo (turben) turbinis m. whirlpool, whirlwind; spinning top (child’s toy or magic bull-roarer, rhombus)

    letum leti n. death

    eripio eripere eripui ereptus to tear away, snatch away

    potius rather, more

    germanus –i m. brother

    amitto amittere amisi amissus to lose; lose by death; send away, dismiss; part with; let go/slip/fall, drop

    cerno cernere crevi certus to sift, separate, distinguish, discern, resolve, determine; see; examine; decide

    fallax –acisdeceitful, treacherous, false

    superus –a –um above, high; higher, upper, of this world; greatest, last, highest; (masc. pl. as subst.) the gods

    tempus temporis n. time

    desum deesse defui to be wanting/lacking; fail/miss; abandon/desert, neglect; be away/absent/missing

    proon behalf of, for, instead of, in accordance with (+ abl.); in order to (LL)

    dilacero –are –avi –atum to tear to pieces

    fera ferae f. wild animal

    ales –itis m. /f. large bird, bird of prey; an omen or augury (from watching birds)

    –que and; both…and

    praeda praedae f. booty, loot, spoils, plunder, prey

    inicio –ere –ieci –iectum to throw, lay hands on; bring into, instill

    tum ulo –areto cover with a burial mound; bury

    mortuus –a –um dead

    terra terrae f. land, earth

    quisnam (quinam) quaenam quidnam who, pray? what, pray? who? what?

    gigno gignere genui genitus to create, bring forth, beget, bear

    solus –a –um alone, only

    sub under; at the foot of; near; up to (+ abl.)

    rupes –is f. a rock, cliff, crag, ledge, freq.; quarry (> rum po)

    leaena –ae f. lioness

    mare maris n. sea

    concipio concipere concepi conceptum to hold, conceive, become fertilized, germinate, commit; verba concepta, “a solemn utterance”

    spumo spumare spum avi spumatus to foam (> spuma)

    exspuo –uere –ui –utum to spit out

    unda undae f. wave

    Syrtis –is f. shoals on the N. African coast between Carthage and Cyrene

    Scylla –ae f. Scylla, dangerous rock on the Italian side of the Straits of Messana opposite Charybdis; personified as a monster, half woman and half fish; Scylla, one of the ships of Aeneas

    rapax –acis predatory, rapacious

    vastus –a –um empty, devastated

    Charybdis –is f. Charybdis, a whirlpool near the Sicilian coast, in the Straits of Messina, opposite the rock of Scylla; personified as a monster

    reddo reddere reddidi redditus to return; restore; deliver; hand over, pay back, render, give back; translate; reproduce, render; repeat

    pro on behalf of, for, instead of, in accordance with (+ abl.); in order to (LL)

    dulcis dulce sweet, pleasant

    praemium –(i)i n. prize, reward; gift; recompense

    vita vitae f. life

    cor cordis n. heart; mind/soul/spirit; intellect/judgment; sweetheart; souls/persons (pl.)

    conubium –ii n. marriage

    noster nostra nostrum our, ours

    saevus –a –um cruel, savage

    quodbecause, the fact that

    horreo horrere horrui to dread, shrink from, shudder at; stand on end, bristle; have rough appearance

    priscus –a –um ancient, antique

    praeceptum praecepti n. teaching, lesson, precept; order, command

    parens parentis m. or f. parent, father, mother

    attamen nevertheless

    vester vestra vestrum your (pl.), yours (pl.)

    possum posse potui to be able, can

    duco ducere duxi ductus to lead; consider; draw out, pull out; lead off for punishment

    sedes sedis f. seat, chair; home, residence; settlement, habitation

    iucundus –a –um pleasant, delightful, agreeable, pleasing

    famulor –ari –atus sum to be a servant

    serva servae f. female slave

    labor laboris m. work; effort, hardship

    candidus –a –um shining white, clear, bright; fair; kind

    permulceo –ere –mulsi –mulsus (–mulctus)to stroke; calm, soothe, cheer

    liquidus –a –um clear, liquid, melodious

    vestigium vestigi(i) n. step, track; trace; footstep

    lympha –ae f. clear spring water; water

    purpureus –a –um purple

    ve or (postpositive enclitic)

    consterno –ere –stravi –stratus to strew over; cover, strew

    vestis vestis f. garment, clothing, blanket; clothes; robe

    cubile cubilis n. place of rest, couch, bed

    ignarus –a –um ignorant; unaware, having no experience of; senseless; strange

    nequiquam in vain

    conqueror –queri –questus sum to complain, lament

    aura aurae f. breeze, breath (of air), wind; gleam; odor, stench; vapor; air (pl.), heaven

    externo –are –avi –atum to drive out of one's wits, madden, panic

    malum mali n. evil, misfortune, calamity

    sensus sensus m. perception, feeling; sense

    augeo augere auxi auctus to increase, enlarge, augment; spread; honor, promote, raise; exalt; make a lot of

    mitto mittere misi missus to send; release, let go; omit, leave off (+ inf. )

    audio audire audivi auditus to hear, listen (to)

    queo quire quivi/quii quitus to be able

    reddo reddere reddidi redditus to return; restore; deliver; hand over, pay back, render, give back; translate; reproduce, render; repeat

    vox vocis f. voice; word

    prope propius proximenearly, almost/nearest, next, immediately following; prep. + acc.

    iamnow, already, by/even now; besides; [non ~ => no longer; ~ pridem => long ago];

    medius –a –um middle (of); as subst., midst; in the middle

    versor versari versatus to be involved

    unda undae f. wave

    quisquam quicquam someone, something; anyone, anything

    appareo apparere apparui apparitus to appear; be evident/visible/noticed/found; show up, occur; serve

    vacuus –a –um empty, vacant, unoccupied; devoid of, free of; available; free from romantic entanglements, fancy-free

    mortalis –esubject to death, mortal; of mortal nature, lineage, or descent; earthly, hum an; made by man, mortal; subst., mortales, ium , c., mortals, men, mankind; mortalia, ium , n. , hum an affairs; fortunes, woes (> mors)

    alga –ae f. seaweed

     nimis very much; too much; exceedingly

    insulto insultare insultavi insultatus to (w. dat.), to leap upon, bound upon, gallop over, trample on; (w. acc.), bound, dance, rush through; absol., prance,; insult, be insolent, mock; exult (> insilio, leap upon)

    exter extera exterum outer/external; outward; on outside, far; of another country, foreign; strange

    tempus temporis n. time

    saevus –a –um cruel, savage

    fors fortis f. chance, luck

    etiam also, even; still

    noster nostra nostrum our, ours

    invideo invidere invidi invisus to envy, regard with envy/ill will; be jealous of; begrudge, refuse (+ dat.)

    questus –us m. a complaining; moaning; groans; mournful sound (> queror)

    auris auris f. ear

    Iuppiter Iovis m. Jupiter; (in poetry) the sky, the heavens

    omnipotens –entisall–powerful, almighty; supreme, sovereign; subst., The Almighty (> omnis and potens)

    utinam introduces an Optative subjunctive; would that! if only!

    tempus temporis n. time

    Gnosius (Gnosiacus) –a –um of or belonging to Gnosus, Gnosian; Cretan

    Cecropius –a –um of Cecrops, Athenian

    tango tangere tetigi tactus to touch, strike; border on, influence; mention

    litus litoris n. sea–shore

    puppis puppis f. stern of a ship; (by metonymy) ship

    indomitus –a –um untamed, ungovernable, wild

    dirus –a –um accursed; portentous; fearful, dreadful, awful, dire, cruel, horrible

    fero ferre tuli latus to bring, bear, carry; endure; report (feritur it is said; ferunt they say)

    stipendium stipendi(i) n. pay, tax

    taurus tauri m. bull

    perfidus –a –um faithless, treacherous, false

    Creta –ae (or Crete –es) f. Crete, a large island south of the Aegean Sea, now Candia

    religo religare religavi religatus to tie up, bind fast

    nauta nautae m. sailor

    funis funis m. rope, line

    malus –a –um bad, evil; unfavorable; (of battles) unsuccessful

    celo celare celavi celatus to hide, conceal, keep secret; disguise; keep in the dark/ignorance; shield

    dulcis dulcesweet, pleasant

    crudelis crudelecruel, hardhearted, unmerciful, severe, bloodthirsty, savage, inhum an; harsh, bitter

    forma formae f. form, figure, appearance; beauty; mold, pattern

    consilium consilii n. deliberation; plan, advice; judgment

    requiesco requiescere requievi requietum to rest

    sedes sedis f. seat, chair; home, residence; settlement, habitation

    hospes hospitis m. host; guest, visitor, stranger; soldier in billets; one who billets soldiers

    namfor

    refero referre rettuli relatus to bring back; report

    qualis quale what sort of; of which sort, as

    spes spei f. hope

    perditus –a –um ruined, desperate, depraved

    nitor niti nixus sum to press/lean upon; struggle; advance; depend on (with abl.); strive, labor

    Idaeus –a –um of Mount Ida (either in Crete or in the Troad), Idaean; pertaining to Cybele, goddess of the Trojan Ida

    peto petere petii/petivi petitus to ask for, seek; attack; make for, go towards

    mons montis m. mountain, hill

    a expletive of distress, pity, or entreaty

    gurges –itis m. a whirlpool, gulf; flood; wave, billow; rolling, raging sea, abyss; sea, ocean

    latus –a –um broad, wide

    discerno –ere –crevi –cretus to distinguish one thing from another; determine, distinguish, decide; perceive; mark, set off; work, embroider

    pontus ponti m. the open sea, the deep

    truculentus –a –um ferocious; n. pl. as subst., ferocity

    divido dividere divisi divisus to divide; separate, break up; share, distribute; distinguish

    aequor aequoris n. level surface; sea; plain

    auxilium auxili n. aid, help; pl. auxiliary troops

    spero sperare speravi speratus to hope (for)

    relinquo relinquere reliqui relictus to leave (behind), abandon

    respergo –ere –spersi –spersus to sprinkle over; besprinkle, stain (> re and spargo)

    iuvenis iuvenis m. youth; young man

    fraternus –a –um of a brother, brotherly, fraternal

    caedes caedis f. murder, slaughter, massacre; assassination; feuding; slain, victims; blood, gore

    sequor sequi secutus sum to follow; come next, come later

    coniunx coniugis f. spouse, mate, consort; husband, wife, bride

    anintroduces an alternative question, or; introduces an Indirect Question, whether, if

    fidus –a –um faithful, trus tworthy

    consolor consolari consolatus sum to comfort, console

    amor amoris m. love; Cupid

    –ne(added to the first word of a question); whether

    fugio fugere fugi fugitus to flee, escape; avoid (+inf. )

    lentus –a –um pliant, flexible, tough, tenacious, sticky; slow

    incurvo incurvare incurvavi incurvatus to bend in; bend

    gurges –itis m. a whirlpool, gulf; flood; wave, billow; rolling, raging sea, abyss; sea, ocean

    remus remi m. oar

    praeterea besides, thereafter; in addition

    litus litoris n. sea–shore

    solus –a –um alone, only

    insula insulae f. island; apartment block

    tectum –i n. bed canopy; roof; building, house; bed canopy

    pateo patere patui to stand open, be open; extend; be well known; lie open, be accessible

    egressus –us m. escape, egress, exit

    pelagus pelagi m. sea, ocean

    cingo cingere cinxi cinctus to surround, encircle; gird (on oneself)

    unda undae f. wave

    fuga fugae f. flight

    ratio rationis f. account, reckoning, invoice; plan; prudence; method; reasoning; rule; regard

    spes spei f. hope

    mutus –a –um inarticulate, mute, dum b, silent

    desertus –a –um desolate; abandoned; uninhabited, solitary, lonely

    ostento ostentare ostentavi ostentatus to exhibit, display

    letum leti n. death

    languesco –ere langui to become faint, grow weak, droop (> langueo)

    lum en lum inis n. light; lamp, torch; eye (of a person); life; day, daylight; ad lum ina: by torchlight

    mors mortis f. death

    prius earlier, preceding, before; in preference, to, rather

    fessus –a –um tired, exhaus ted, weary

    secedo secedere secessi secessus to withdraw, detach, dissociate

    corpus corporis n. body

    sensus sensus m. perception, feeling; sense

    ius tus –a –um jus t, fair, equitable; right, lawful, jus tified; regular, proper

    divus (dius) divi m. god, deity; the sky

    exposco –ere –poposcito ask importunately; to beg, entreat, seek

    prodo prodere prodidi proditus to project, thrus t forward; bring forth, produce, give birth to; create; nominate; institute; extend, prolong; hand down (lore); publish/record, reveal, uncover; put out; assert; betray; give up, abandon, forsake

    multa –ae f. penalty

    caelestis –is m. or f. a god or goddess

    fides fidei f. faith, trust; trustworthiness; confidence; truth of the matter

    posterus –a –um coming after, following, next; in pl. descendants, posterity, the future

    comprecor –ari –atus sum to pray to, invoke, supplicate

    hora horae f. with the Romans, the twelfth part of the period from sunrise to sunset, an hour, in an indefinite sense, personif. , Horae, arum , f. , the Hours

    quare because of which thing; therefore; why

    factum facti n. deed

    multo multare multavi multatus to punish one with any thing; used mostly of judicial punishment

    vindex –icis m. champion, defender; avenger

    poena poenae f. punishment, penalty

    Eumenides –um f. the well–disposed, a deprecatory title given by the Greeks to the Furies, the Eumenides, the Furies

    anguineus (anguinus) –a –um snaky, made of snakes

    redimio –imire –imii –imitum to encircle (with a garland)

    capillus capilli m. hair

    frons frontis f. forehead, brow; front

    exspiro exspirare exspiravi exspiratus to breathe out; to expire, die

    praeporto –are –avi –atum to carry before one, carry in front

    pectus pectoris n. chest, breast; heart

    advento adventare adventavi adventatus to come rapidly nearer; to approach, draw near (> advenio)

    audio audire audivi auditus to hear, listen (to)

    querela querelae f. complaint

    vaealas, woe to

    miser misera miserum wretched, pitiable, miserable

    exter extera exterum outer/external; outward; on outside, far; of another country, foreign; strange

    profero proferre protuli prolatus to bring forward; advance; defer; discover; mention

    medulla medullae f. marrow, kernel; innermost part

    cogo cogere coegi coactus to collect, gather, round up, restrict, confine; force, compel; convene; congeal

    inops inopis lacking, poor; destitute of (+ gen. )

    ardens –entisburning, hot, sparkling, flaming; bright; impassioned, ardent, eager; spirited, fiery; glowing, lofty; fierce, furious; angry (> ardeo)

    amens amentismad, insane

    caecus –a –um blind; hidden, secret, dark

    furor furoris m. madness, rage, fury, frenzy; passionate love

    verus –a –um real, true, actual, genuine

    nascor nasci natus sum to be born, come into being, be formed

    pectus pectoris n. chest, breast; heart

    inferus –a –um below, beneath, underneath; of hell; vile; lower, further down; lowest, last; inferī, inferōrum or inferum , m. pl. the inhabitants of the underworld (the dead and the gods of the underworld)

    nolo nolle nolui to be unwilling, not want, not wish (+ inf. )

    patior pati passus sum to experience, suffer, endure; permit, allow

    vanesco –ere –ereto disappear, vanish

    luctus luctus m. mourning, grief

    qualis qualewhat sort of; of which sort, as

    solus –a –um alone, only

    mens mentis f. mind; intention, purpose; attitude

    relinquo relinquere reliqui relictus to leave (behind), abandon

    talis tale such, of such a sort

    mens mentis f. mind; intention, purpose; attitude

    dea deae f. goddess

    funesto –are –avi –atum to pollute with death

     

    translation

    “Thus then, having borne me afar from my father’s home, thus hast thou left me, faithless, faithless Theseus, on the lonely shore? thus departing, unmindful of the will of the gods, forgetful, ah! dost thou carry to thy home the curse of perjury? could nothing bend the purpose of thy cruel mind? was no mercy present in thy soul, to bid thy ruthless heart incline to pity for me? Not such were the promises thou gavest me once with winning voice, not this didst thou bid me hope, ah me!1 no, but a joyful wedlock, but a desired espousal; all which the winds of Heaven now blow abroad in vain. Henceforth let no woman believe a man’s oath, let none believe that a man’s speeches can be trustworthy. They, while their mind desires something and longs eagerly to gain it, nothing fear to swear, nothing spare to promise; but as soon as the lust of their greedy mind is satisfied, they remember not their words, they heed not their perjuries. I—thou know-est it—when thou wert tossing in the very whirl of death, saved thee, and set my heart rather to let my brother go than to fail thee, now faithless found, in thy utmost need. And for this I shall be given to beasts and birds to tear as a prey; my corpse shall have no sepulture, shall be sprinkled with no earth. What lioness bore thee under a desert rock? what sea conceived thee and vomited thee forth from its foaming waves? what Syrtis, what ravening Scylla, what waste Charybdis bore thee, who for sweet life returnest such meed as this? If thou hadst no mind to wed with me for dread of the harsh bidding of thy stern father, yet thou couldst have led me into thy dwellings to serve thee as a slave with labour of love, laving thy white feet with liquid water, or with purple coverlet spreading thy bed.

    ” But why should I, distracted with woe, cry in vain to the senseless airs—the airs that are endowed with no feeling, and can neither hear nor return the messages of my voice? He meanwhile is now tossing almost in mid-sea, and no human being is seen on the waste and weedy shore. Thus fortune too, full of spite, in this my supreme hour has cruelly grudged all ears to my complaints. Almighty Jupiter, I would the Attic ships had never touched Cnosian shores, nor ever the faithless voyager, bearing the dreadful tribute to the savage bull, has fastened his cable in Crete, nor that this evil man, hiding cruel designs under a fair outside, had reposed in our dwellings as a guest! For whither shall I return, lost, ah, lost? on what hope do I lean? Shall I seek the mountains of Crete? But barring them with broad flood the stormy, waters of the sea lie in between. Shall I hope for the aid of my father, the father I deserted of my own will, to follow a lover stained with my brother’s blood? Or shall I console myself with the faithful love of my spouse, who is flying from me, bending his tough oars in the wave? Besides all that, the island is remote, and unfurnished with any dwelling; no way to depart opens for me; about me are the waters of the sea; no means of flight, no hope; all is dumb, all is desolate; all shows me the face of death. Yet my eyes shall not grow faint in death, nor shall the sense fail from my wearied body, before I demand from the gods just vengeance for my betrayal, and call upon the faith of the heavenly ones in my last hour.

     

     

    Suggested Citation

    Peter Hulse. Apollonius: Argonautica Book IV. Carlisle, Pennsylvania: Dickinson College Commentaries, 2024. ISBN: 978-1-947822-21-4. https://dcc.dickinson.edu/apollonius-argonautica/parallel-texts/catullus-64-ariadnes-soliloquy