ὧς φάτο λισσομένη: τῶν δ᾽ ὅντινα γουνάζοιτο,

ὅς μιν θαρσύνεσκεν ἐρητύων ἀχέουσαν.

σεῖον δ᾽ ἐγχείας εὐήκεας ἐν παλάμῃσιν,1055

φάσγανά τ᾽ ἐκ κολεῶν. οὐδὲ σχήσεσθαι ἀρωγῆς

ἔννεπον, εἴ κε δίκης ἀλιτήμονος ἀντιάσειεν.

στρευγομένοις δ᾽ ἀν᾽ ὅμιλον ἐπήλυθεν εὐνήτειρα

νὺξ ἔργων ἄνδρεσσι, κατευκήλησε δὲ πᾶσαν

γαῖαν ὁμῶς: τὴν δ᾽ οὔτι μίνυνθά περ εὔνασεν ὕπνος,1060

ἀλλά οἱ ἐν στέρνοις ἀχέων εἱλίσσετο θυμός.

οἷον ὅτε κλωστῆρα γυνὴ ταλαεργὸς ἑλίσσει

ἐννυχίη: τῇ δ᾽ ἀμφὶ κινύρεται ὀρφανὰ τέκνα

χηροσύνῃ πόσιος: σταλάει δ᾽ ὑπὸ δάκρυ παρειὰς

μνωομένης, οἵη μιν ἐπὶ σμυγερὴ λάβεν αἶσα:1065

ὧς τῆς ἰκμαίνοντο παρηίδες: ἐν δέ οἱ ἦτορ

ὀξείῃς εἰλεῖτο πεπαρμένον ἀμφ᾽ ὀδύνῃσιν.

τὼ δ᾽ ἔντοσθε δόμοιο κατὰ πτόλιν, ὡς τὸ πάροιθεν,

κρείων Ἀλκίνοος πολυπότνιά τ᾽ Ἀλκινόοιο

Ἀρήτη ἄλοχος, κούρης πέρι μητιάασκον1070

οἷσιν ἐνὶ λεχέεσσι διὰ κνέφας: οἷα δ᾽ ἀκοίτην

κουρίδιον θαλεροῖσι δάμαρ προσπτύσσετο μύθοις:

ναὶ φίλος, εἰ δ᾽ ἄγε μοι πολυκηδέα ῥύεο Κόλχων

παρθενικήν, Μινύῃσι φέρων χάριν. ἐγγύθι δ᾽ Ἄργος

ἡμετέρης νήσοιο καὶ ἀνέρες Αἱμονιῆες:1075

Αἰήτης δ᾽ οὔτ᾽ ἂρ ναίει σχεδόν, οὐδέ τι ἴδμεν

Αἰήτην, ἀλλ᾽ οἶον ἀκούομεν: ἥδε δὲ κούρη

αἰνοπαθὴς κατά μοι νόον ἔκλασεν ἀντιόωσα.

μή μιν, ἄναξ, Κόλχοισι πόροις ἐς πατρὸς ἄγεσθαι.

ἀάσθη, ὅτε πρῶτα βοῶν θελκτήρια δῶκεν1080

φάρμακά οἱ: σχεδόθεν δὲ κακῷ κακόν, οἷά τε πολλὰ

ῥέζομεν ἀμπλακίῃσιν, ἀκειομένη ὑπάλυξεν

πατρὸς ὑπερφιάλοιο βαρὺν χόλον. αὐτὰρ Ἰήσων,

ὡς ἀίω, μεγάλοισιν ἐνίσχεται ἐξ ἕθεν ὅρκοις,

κουριδίην θήσεσθαι ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ἄκοιτιν,1085

τῶ, φίλε, μήτ᾽ οὖν αὐτὸν ἑκὼν ἐπίορκον ὀμόσσαι

θείης Αἰσονίδην, μήτ᾽ ἄσχετα σεῖο ἕκητι

παῖδα πατὴρ θυμῷ κεκοτηότι δηλήσαιτο.

λίην γὰρ δύσζηλοι ἑαῖς ἐπὶ παισὶ τοκῆες:

οἷα μὲν Ἀντιόπην εὐώπιδα μήσατο Νυκτεύς:1090

οἷα δὲ καὶ Δανάη πόντῳ ἔνι πήματ᾽ ἀνέτλη,

πατρὸς ἀτασθαλίῃσι: νέον γε μέν, οὐδ᾽ ἀποτηλοῦ,

ὑβριστὴς Ἔχετος γλήναις ἔνι χάλκεα κέντρα

πῆξε θυγατρὸς ἑῆς: στονόεντι δὲ κάρφεται οἴτῳ

ὀρφναίῃ ἐνὶ χαλκὸν ἀλετρεύουσα καλιῇ.1095

ὧς ἔφατ᾽ ἀντομένη: τοῦ δὲ φρένες ἰαίνοντυ

ἧς ἀλόχου μύθοισιν, ἔπος δ᾽ ἐπὶ τοῖον ἔειπεν:

Ἀρήτη, καί κεν σὺν τεύχεσιν ἐξελάσαιμι

Κόλχους, ἡρώεσσι φέρων χάριν, εἵνεκα κούρης.

ἀλλὰ Διὸς δείδοικα δίκην ἰθεῖαν ἀτίσσαι.1100

οὐδὲ μὲν Αἰήτην ἀθεριζέμεν, ὡς ἀγορεύεις,

λώιον: οὐ γάρ τις βασιλεύτερος Αἰήταο.

καί κ᾽ ἐθέλων, ἕκαθέν περ, ἐφ᾽ Ἑλλάδι νεῖκος ἄγοιτο.

τῶ μ᾽ ἐπέοικε δίκην, ἥτις μετὰ πᾶσιν ἀρίστη

ἔσσεται ἀνθρώποισι, δικαζέμεν: οὐδέ σε κεύσω.1105

παρθενικὴν μὲν ἐοῦσαν ἑῷ ἀπὸ πατρὶ κομίσσαι

ἰθύνω: λέκτρον δὲ σὺν ἀνέρι πορσαίνουσαν

οὔ μιν ἑοῦ πόσιος νοσφίσσομαι: οὐδέ, γενέθλην

εἴ τιν᾽ ὑπὸ σπλάγχνοισι φέρει, δῄοισιν ὀπάσσω.

    Medea’s supplication of the Argonauts:

    Medea  makes an  impassioned appeal to the Argonauts to save her from Aietes.

    1053–4: ὅς refers back to ὅν τινα: “whoever she supplicated (γουνάζοιτο) that man”. μιν: Medea: ἀχέουσαν, “in her distress”.

    1055–6: σεῖον δ᾿ ἐγχείας εὐήκεας: the antics of the Argonauts here described-they shake their spears and (draw) their swords (φάσγανά τ᾿ ἐκ κολεῶν) - have something of the comic about them. The poet seems to be implying that this is mere bravado. οὐδὲ σχήσεσθαι ἀρωγῆς: “will not restrain from help”. σχήσεσθαι: fut, inf. mid. < ἔχω. Typically, however, of Hellenistic poetry the mood suddenly changes with the developed simile that follows.

    1057: ἀντιάσειεν: “were to meet with”. δίκης ἀλιτήμονος: “an unfair judgment”.

    1058: στρευγομένοις: “in their distress”, agreeing with ἄνδρεσσι in the next line. Nicander Alexipharmaca 291 τῷ καὶ στρευγομένῳ περ ἀνήλυθεν ἐκ καμάτοιο / πνεῦμα μόλις, “distressed, though he is. despite his efforts the wind can scarcely go (escape) upwards”, offers support for the transmitted text rather than the emendation στρευγομένης, though the context is very different. ἀν᾿ ὅμιλον: “through the army, band (of Argonauts). ἐπήλυθεν: often used of the “onset of time”, in some way (LSJ s.v. ἐπέρχομαι ii). εὐνήτειρα: is someone you share a bed with but here A.’s phrase is metaphorical, “night, the bedfellow of works”, “night that makes work cease”.

    1059: ἄνδρεσσι: “for men”, in general and the Argonauts, in particular. κατευκήλησε: “calmed”. There is a hint here of the almost magical, soothing quality of night in the connection with κηλέω (see LSJ s.v.). For descriptive passages such as this involving night, see further (Moskalew 1982, 67).

    1060: τὴν . . . εὔνασεν ὕπνος: “sleep did not, in any way, calm her (i.e. Medea)”. οὔ τι μίνυνθά “not in any, for a little while”. The repeated consonants in the former phrase emphasise pacifying qualities of sleep.

    1061: ἀλλά οἱ ἐν στέρνοις: but (a heavy contrast) there is no chance of calming sleep for Medea. Her heart is whirling (εἱλίσσετο) in her breast (ἐν στέρνοις) in her anguish (ἀχέων).

    1062: κλωστῆρα γυνὴ ταλαεργὸς: the subject of the comparison: “a poor woman with her spindle” is a change of direction but not unexpectedly so: epic often contrasts the heroic with the humble. ἑλίσσει: “turns”, picks up the previous εἱλίσσετο.

    1063: κινύρεται: “moan’ of which the subject is the neuter plural ὀρφανὰ τέκνα, “orphan children”(Smyth §959).

    1064: χηροσύνῃ πόσιος: “for the lack of a husband”. χηροσύνη is a rare word. This theme of love, loss and longing is perhaps an echo of passages such as Aeschylus Pers. 133–39; see further (Dué 2009, 57–90).

    1064–5: σταλάει δ᾿ ὑπὸ δάκρυ παρειὰς / μνωομένης: “a tear drips down her cheek as she remembers”. σταλάειis a lyrical word: Euripides Hel. 633 and the remembrance of happier times (μνωομένης) is something that heroines often indulge in (4.383–4). ἐπισμυγερὴ: “gloomy, sad’. A. may have taken the adjectival use from Hesiod.

    1066: ὣς τῆς ἰκμαίνοντο παρηίδες: “so, Medea’s (τῆς) cheeks were moistened”: another lyrical phrase. A. perhaps had in mind the choral passages of Euripides: ὦ πολλαὶ δακρύων λιβάδες, / αἳ παρηίδας εἰς ἐμὰς / ἔπεσον (Eur. IT 1106–8). ἐν δέ οἱ ἦτορ: “her heart within her”, in Homer, usually the introduction to a description of heroic doubt and deliberation (Il1.188).

    1067: εἰλεῖτο: “revolved, twisted”, imperfect passive < εἴλω. πεπαρμένον: perf. part. pass. masc. acc. sg. < πείρω. The phrase ὀξείῃς . . . ἀμφ᾿ ὀδύνῃσιν, “with sharp pains” depends on the participle. The phrase is based on Homeric passages like Il16.517–8 ἀμφὶ δέ μοι χεὶρ / ὀξείῃς ὀδύνῃσιν ἐλήλαται.

    1068: The scene changes to the palace and the mood from anguish to a marital harmony, which is obviously “of long-standing”, (ὡς τὸ πάροιθεν). A. is tracing this backwards from the memorable scenes between the Alcinoos and Arete in the Odyssey (Od. 6.and 7).

    1069: κρείων: usually used of kings and chieftains. πολυπότνιά: strengthened form of πότνια, to balance the grandiloquent κρείων. Elsewhere only used of Demeter (πολυπότνια Δηὼ: Hom. Hym. Dem. 211). It is meant to be a humorous touch. Consider the context and their ensuing conversation!

    1070: μητιάασκον: “were plotting”, Iterative imperfect (Goodwin 1875, 47) =§30.2)< μητιάω: imperf. ind. act. 3rd pl. (epic ionic).

    1071: οἷαδ’: “like, as”, οἷος is here used as an adverb.

    1071–2: ἀκοίτην / κουρίδιον: “lawful husband”. The situation is generalised to make it more affectionate.

    1072: θαλεροῖσι . . . μύθοις: “affectionate . . . words”. προσπτύσσετο: “greet warmly”, almost with a sense of embracing.

    1073: ναί: Adv., used to express strong affirmation: “Yes, Please!”. εἰ δ᾿ ἄγε: “come on”! freq. in Hom., who mostly strengthens it, εἰ δʼ ἄγε, νῦν δʼ ἄγε, ἄγε δή, ἀλλʼ ἄγε: “Please, dear husband . . .”. ῥύεο: pres. imperat. 2nd sg. <ῥύομαι: “protect the unhappy girl from the Colchians (Κόλχων).

    1074: παρθενικήν: as often in the emphatic position, stressing her virginity which is to be a strong factor in the ensuing negotiations. Μινύαισι: “showing favour to the Minyae”, sc. the Argonauts. ἐγγύθι δ᾿Ἄργος: “Argos is nearby”. Arete perhaps means Greece as a whole: but at Il2.681 it refers to Pelasgian Argos from where Jason and his men come. ἀνέρες Αἱμονιῆες: “the Haimonians”, “Thessalians”: another reference to the Argonauts; see further (Thalmann 2011, 129 n.45).

    1076­–7: Αἰήτης / Αἰήτην: Arete repeats the King’s name to emphasise her point: Northern Greece is closer than Colchis. ἴδμεν: perf. ind. act. 1st pl< οἶδα. The end of the line is dismissive: “we do not even know him, we only know his name”.

    1078: αἰνοπαθὴς: “suffering dreadful ills”, used once in the Odyssey at 18.201 of Penelope. The Queen is using all her persuasive arts to plead Medea’s cause. κατά μοι νόον ἔκλασεν: “she broke my heart” is also a very strong phrase based on the Homeric κατεκλάσθη φίλον ἦτορ. The tmesis makes it stronger. The end of the line (ἀντιόωσα: pres. part. act. fem. nom. < ἀντιάω) alludes to Arete’s previous interview with Medea, “when she came to me”.

    1079: μη . . . πόροις: for the Optative of Wish see Smyth §1814. ἄναξ: “Great King that you are’”. Arete is trying to flatter Alcinous. ἐς πατρὸς ἄγεσθαι: “to take her back to her father”, with δώματα understood (4.1004, 1024–5).

    1080: ἀάσθη: “she sinned”, recalling what she says before the murder of Apsyrtus (4.412) and also her remarks at 1016. Ate is a theme is a dominant theme throughout the Argonautica and Ancient Greek Literature; see further (Dawe 1967), (Sommerstein 2013), (Doyle 1984, 1). βοῶν θελκτήρια: “magical charms for bulls” amusingly recalls Od. 1.337 βροτῶν θελκτήρια, “magic charms for mortals”, meaning “songs”.

    1081: φάρμακά οἱ: using the first position in the line for two important words: “drugs”, and “to him”. οἱ (dat. sg. of demonstrative pronoun) denotes Jason and stresses that his success at the end of Book 3 is only achieved through Medea’s magic. κακῷ κακόν: this sentiment (an evil remedy to cure an evil) can be paralleled from Tragedy: Soph. Aj. 362.

    1081–2: πολλὰ / ῥέζομεν ἀμπλακίῃσιν: “as we often (πολλά) do in our foolishness”. ἀκειομένη: “curing / trying to cure”, with κακόν as the object of the participle. ὑπάλυξεν: aor. ind. act. 3rd sg. < ὑπαλύσκω

    1083: πατρὸς ὑπερφιάλοιο βαρὺν χόλον: “heavy anger of her overbearing father”. The barbaric tyrant is how Aietes is characterised throughout the Argonautica. αὐτὰρ Ἰήσων: “but Jason . . .”. It is typical of A. that he splits the line with a contrast.

    1084: ὡς ἀίω: “as I hear”. Arete has good informants. The statement in this line and the next goes back to their encounter at 4.95­–7, when Jason swears this oath. μεγάλοισιν ἐνίσχεται . . . ὅρκοις: “is bound by mighty oaths.” ἐξ ἕθεν: could mean “from that time”, taking ἕθεν as the equivalent of ἐξ οὗ [χρόνου]: LSJ s.v. A ii ἐκ but, considering the word order and meaning of the phrase, it seems more likely to be reflexive and refer to Jason himself: “bound by great oaths that he himself has made.” The phrase ἐξ ἕθεν is literally bound by the “great oaths.” For the reflexive use of ἐξ ἕθεν, see further (Meliado 2019, 5)and also LSJ s.v. ιιι 4 ἐκ.

    1085: A solemn sounding line; it sounds like part of the marriage formula. It also echoes what Jason has said to her earlier (4.97). κουριδίην agrees with ἄκοιτιν, enclosing the line.

    1086–7: ἑκὼν ἐπίορκον ὀμόσσαι / θείης: “do not willingly make him forsworn (break his oath).” θείης aor. opt. act. 2nd sg. < τίθημι. The phrase echoes a passage of Hesiod that is very relevant to what Alcinous is saying: Hes. Op. 282.

    1088: δηλήσαιτο: “commit cruel deeds (ἄσχετα) against his child (παῖδα). δηλέομαι takes two accusatives. κεκοτηότι: “with anger in his heart.” κεκοτηότι: perf. part act. dat. sg. < κοτέω.

    1089: λίην γὰρ δύσζηλοι . . . τοκῆες: “parents are exceedingly jealous,” echoing Od7.307 (Odysseus to Alcinous).

    1090: οἷα: “such things as . . .” With perhaps a slight echo of the ē' hoiē-formula in Hesiod’s Catalogue of Women, Arete marshals her examples from mythology like an orator or another epic poet! ἈντιόπηνAntiope of Thebes was abducted by Zeus (=Jason?). εὐώπιδα: “fair of face.” Also used of Nausicaa (Od6.113).

    1091: Δανάη: King Acrisius of Argos cast Danaë and Perseus into the sea in a wooden chest. πόντῳ ἔνι πήματ᾿: “suffering on the sea,” forceful alliteration joined by the anastrophe of ἔνι. The verb ἀνέτλη, “endured”, recalls Od14.47.

    1092: πατρὸς ἀτασθαλίῃσι: “by the wickedness of her father.” · νέον γε μέν, οὐδ᾿ ἀποτηλοῦ: “only recently and not far from us,” bringing a note of contemporary realism to a list of Bronze Age mythological exempla.  Echetus stands out as extremely cruel.

    1093: ὑβριστὴς: “brutal.” The giant Typhaon / Typhoeus is similarly described at Hes. Th. 307γλήναις ἔνι χάλκεα κέντρα: “bronze spikes into her eyes.” Assonance, again combined with anastrophe, helps to make the description a stronger and ghastlier phrase.

    1094: πῆξε: “drove,” used of plunging a spear into an enemy in the Iliad (Il4.460) aor. ind. act. 3rd. sg. θυγατρὸς ἑῆς: “of his daughter.” The genitive depends on γλήναις in the previous line. στονόεντι δὲ κάρφεται οἴτῳ: “she wastes away from grievous doom.” The metaphorical use of κάρφεται pathetically recalls the literal use, “will wither the fair skin” at Od13.398.

    1095: ὀρφναίῃ ἐνὶ . . . καλιῇ: “in her darkened barn (hut).” ‘Dark’ because she has been blinded. There may be an allusive reference to Callim. Hecale fr. 263 φιλοξείνοιο καλιῆς. The word is rare and would have been of interest to both Hellenistic poets.

    1096: φρένες ἰαίνοντο: “his heart was softened (by his wife’s words).” Arete’s persuasive rhetoric has won the day. Also, they are in bed together!

    1098: ἐξελάσαιμι: “I could certainly repel the Colchians by force of arms but . . .” καί marks the fact that this is in addition to the other possibilities that Alcinous goes on to mention.

    1099: ἡρώεσσι φέρων χάριν: “showing favour to the heroes.”

    1100: δίκην ἰθεῖαν: “the straight justice.” A direct allusion to Hesiod: Op. 8-9see further (Morrison 2020, 205). ἀτίσσαι: aor. inf. act. < ἀτίζω.

    1101: ἀθεριζέμεν: balancing ἀτίσσαι in the previous line and depending on λώιον (ἐστι) in the next.

    1102: βασιλεύτερος: “more lordly than . . .”, perhaps with echoes of Agamemnon (Il. 9.160).

    1103: κ᾿ ἐθέλων: “he could (κε), if he wished.” ἕκαθέν περ: “although he’s far away.” ἐφ᾿ Ἑλλάδι: “upon Greece.” νεῖκος ἄροιτο: “he might stir up.” This is better than the alternative νεῖκος ἄγοιτοsee LSJ s.v. ἀείρω iv4: Theog. 90 νεῖκος ἀειράμενος etc. A. probably intended it as a variation on the Homeric νεῖκος ὠρώρει (Il. 18.497).

    1104: δίκην: is the objective of another infinitive: δικαζέμεν. To give judgments like this is the mark of a ‘Just (Hesiodic) King’: Hes. Op. 39, the intervening phrase (ἥ . . . ἀνθρώποισι) adds to the solemnity of Alcinoos’ pronouncement.

    1105: οὐδέ σε κεύσω: “Nor will I hide it from you.” This little touch gives a very humane tone to Alcinoos’ characterisation, before he gives his decision.

    1106: παρθενικὴν μὲν ἐοῦσαν: “if she is still a virgin.” ἑῷ . . . πατρί: “to her father.” ἀπὸ . . . κομίσσαι: “to lead back.” The infinitive is in tmesis.

    1107: ἰθύνω: “I decree.” For this sense of the verb, noticeably, placed in the emphatic first position, see LSJ. s.v. A3 ἰθύνω. “But (δέ), if, she is sharing a bed (λέκτρον . . . πορσαίνουσαν) with a man (σὺν ἀνέρι).

    1108: μιν: “her,” i.e. Medea. ἑοῦ πόσιος: “of her husband.” οὔ . . . νοσφίσσομαι: fut. indic. <νοσφίζομαι: “I will separate.” γενέθλην: “child, off-spring,” object of ὀπάσσω, in the next line.

    1109: ὑπὸ σπλάγχνοισι: ‘ in her womb. δῄοισιν ὀπάσσω: “will I give it to an enemy.”

    Bibliography:

    Dawe, R.D. 1967. “Some Reflections on Ate and Hamartia.” In HSPh 72, 89–123.

    Doyle, R. 1984. Atē: Its Use and Meaning: A Study in the Greek Poetic Tradition from Homer to Euripides. New York.

    Dué, Casey, ed. 2009. Recapturing a Homeric Legacy. Hellenic Studies Series 35. Washington, D.C. : Cambridge, Mass: Center for Hellenic Studies ; Distributed by Harvard University Press.

    Goodwin, William Watson. 1875. Syntax of the Moods and Tenses of the Greek Verb. Ginn and Heath.

    Meliado, Claudio. 2019. “Aristarchomastix. Dionysius of Sidon between Epic and Lyric Poetry.” In Approaches to Greek Poetry: Homer, Hesiod, Pindar, and Aeschylus in Ancient Exegesis, edited by Marco Ercoles, Lara Pagani, Filippomaria Pontani, and Giuseppe Ucciardello. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG.

    Morrison, A. D. 2020. Apollonius Rhodius, Herodotus and Historiography. Cambridge University Press.

    Moskalew, Walter. 1982. Formular Language and Poetic Design in the Aeneid. BRILL.

    Sommerstein, A. 2013. “Ate in Aeschylus.” In Tragedy and Archaic Greek Thought, edited by D.L. Cairns. Swansea.

    Thalmann, W. 2011. Apollonius of Rhodes and the Spaces of Hellenism. Oxford.

    λίσσομαι, pray, beseech with prayer

    γουνάζομαι, to clasp by the knees, implore

    θαρσύνω, to encourage, cheer

     ἐρητύω, to keep back, restrain, check

     ἀχέω, grieve, mourn

     σείω, to shake, move to and fro

    ἐγχείη, a spear, lance

     εὐήκης, well-pointed

    παλάμη, the palm of the hand, the hand

     φάσγανον, a sword

    κολεόν, a sheath, scabbard

    ἀρωγή, help, aid, succour, protection

     ἐνέπω, to tell, tell of, relate, describe

    δίκη -ης ἡ, justice

     ἀλιτήμων -ονος, unrighteous

     ἀντιάω, to encounter

     στρεύγομαι, to be distressed, suffer distress or pain (see notes)

    ὅμιλος -ου ὁ, crowd

     ἐπέρχομαι ἔπειμι ἐπῆλθον ἐπελήλυθα --- ---, come near, assault, visit

    εὐνήτειρα, a bedfellow

     νύξ νυκτός ἡ, night

     ἔργον -ου τό, work, deed

    κατευκηλέω, calm, quiet

     μίνυνθα, a little, very little

    εὐνάζω, put to bed, put to sleep

     ὕπνος -ου ὁ, sleep

    στέρνον -ου τό, chest

     ἀχέω, mourn

     ἑλίσσω, to turn round, to whirl

     θυμός -οῦ ὁ, heart, spirit

    κλωστήρ, a spindle

     ταλαεργός, hardworking

     ἑλίσσω, to turn round, to turn

     ἐννύχιος, in the night, by night, nightly

    κινύρομαι, to utter a plaintive sound, lament, wail

     ὀρφανός, an orphan

     τέκνον -ου τό, child

     χηροσύνη, bereavement, widowhood

     πόσις ὁ, husband, spouse, mate

     σταλάω, to drop, let fall

    δάκρυον, a tear

     παρειά, the cheek

     μνάομαι, to remember

     ἐπισμυγερός, gloomy

     λαμβάνω λήψομαι ἔλαβον εἴληφα εἴλημμαι ἐλήφθην, take, seize

     αἶσα, fate, share, portion

    ἰκμαίνω, moisten

     παρηΐς, cheek

    ἦτορ -ορος τό, Heart

     ὀξύς -εῖα -ύ, sharp

     εἴλω, to revolve, twist

     πείρω, to pierce quite through, fix

    ὀδύνη, pain of body

    ἔντοσθε, within

     δόμος -ου, ὁ, house, home

    πόλις -εως ἡ, city

    πάροιθε, before, in the presence of

     κρείων -οντος ὁ, ruling, ruler

     Ἀλκίνοος, Alcinous

     πολυπότνια, mistress, queen

    Ἀλκίνοος, Alcinous

     Ἀρήτη, wife of Alcinous, king of the Phaeacians

     ἄλοχος -ου ἡ, spouse, bed-mate

    μητιάω, to meditate, deliberate, debate

    λέχος, a couch, bed

    κνέφας, darkness, night

    ἀκοίτης, husband

     κουρίδιος, wedded

     θαλερός, affectionate, loving

     δάμαρ, a wife, spouse

     προσπτύσσω, to embrace

     μῦθος -ου ὁ, word

     ναί, yes

     φίλος -η -ον, dear, beloved

    ἄγε, come! come on!

     πολυκηδής, full of care, grievous

     ῥύομαι, to protect

    Μινύαι, the Minyans

     φέρω οἴσω ἤνεγκα ἐνήνοχα ἐνήνεγμαι ἠνέχθην, bear, carry

     χάρις -ιτος ἡ, grace, favor

     ἐγγύθι, hard by, near

    Ἄργος, Argos(= Greece)

     ἡμέτερος -α -ον, our

     νῆσος -ου ἡ, island

    Αἱμονιεύς -έως, ὁ, from Haimonia, i.e. from Thessaly

    ναίω, dwell, inhabit, be situated

     σχεδόν, near, almost

    ἀκούω ἀκούσομαι ἤκουσα ἀκήκοα --- ἠκούσθην, hear, listen

    αἰνοπαθής, suffering dreadfully

     νόος, mind, perception

    κατακλάω, to break

     ἀντιάω, to encounter

    μιν, himself, herself (indecl.)

     ἄναξ -ακτος ὁ, ruler, lord

     Κόλχος, a Colchian

     πόρω, offer

    ἀάω, to sin

    βοῦς βοός, cattle

     θελκτήριον, a charm, spell, enchantment

     δίδωμι δώσω ἔδωκε δέδωκα δέδομαι ἐδόθην, give, grant

     φάρμακον -ου τό, drug

     σχεδόθεν, right after that

    ῥέζω, do, accomplish

     ἀμπλάκημα, an error, fault, offence

     ἀκέομαι ἀκέσομαι ἠκεσάμην --- --- ἀκεσθῆναι , to heal, cure

     ὑπαλύσκω, to avoid, shun, flee from, escape

    ὑπερφίαλος, overbearing, overweening, arrogant

     βαρύς -εῖα -ύ, heavy, grievous

     χόλος -ου ὁ, anger

    ἀΐω, to hear, perceive,

     ἐνίσχω, to be bound

    ἐξ ἕθεν, since that time (i.e. the time of Medea’s escape): see notes.

     ὅρκος -ου ὁ, oath

     κουρίδιος, wedded

     τίθημι θήσω ἔθηκα τέθηκα --- ἐτέθην, set up, place, establish

    μέγαρον -ου τό, a hall

     ἄκοιτις, a spouse, wife

     τῶ, then, therefore

     φίλος -η -ον, dear, beloved

    ἑκών -οῦσα -όν, willingly

     ἐπίορκος, sworn falsely, perjured

     ὄμνυμι (or ὀμνύω) ὀμοῦμαι ὤμοσα ὀμώμοκα ὀμώμο(σ)μαι ὠμόθην, to swear

     τίθημι θήσω ἔθηκα τέθηκα --- ἐτέθην, make

    ἄσχετος, insufferable, cruel

    ἕκητι, for the sake of

     κοτέω, to bear a grudge against

     δηλέομαι, to hurt, do a mischief to

     λίαν, too much

    δύσζηλος, exceeding jealous

    τοκεύς, one who begets, a father

     Ἀντιόπη, Antiope

     εὐῶπις, fair to look on

     μήδομαι, to devise

     Νυκτεύς, ὁ, Nykteus (name)

    Δανάη, Danae

     πόντος -ου ὁ, sea, the deep

    πῆμα, suffering, misery, calamity, woe, bane

     ἀνατλῆναι, to suffer, endure

    ἀτασθαλία, rage, arrogance

    νέον, recently

    ἀποτηλοῦ, far away

     ὑβριστής, a violent, overbearing person

     Ἔχετος, ὁ, Echetus (name)

     γλήνη, the pupil

    χάλκεος, of bronze

     κέντρον -ου ὁ, sharp point

     πήγνυμι, to drive, thrust into

    στονόεις, causing groans

    κάρφω, to dry up, wither

     οἶτος, fate, doom

     ὀρφναῖος, dark, dusky, murky

     ἀλετρεύω, to grind

     καλιά, a wooden dwelling, hut, barn

    ἄντομαι, to meet, beseech

    φρήν φρενός ἡ, thinking-thing, heart, core

     ἰαίνω, to heat, to be warmed

    ἄλοχος -ου ἡ, spouse, bed-mate

     τοῖος -α -ον, such, such-like

     εἶπον, aor. for λέγω and φημί, said

    τεῦχος -εος τό, arms

     ἐξελαύνω ἐξελῶ ἐξήλασα, to drive out

     φέρω οἴσω ἤνεγκα, bear, carry

     χάρις -ιτος ἡ, grace, favour

     ἕνεκα, on account of

     δείδω δείσομαι ἔδεισα δέδοικα, fear

     δίκη -ης ἡ, justice

     ἰθύς -εῖα -ύ, straight, direct

     ἀτίζω, not to honour, to hold in no honour

    ἀθερίζω, to slight, make light of

    ἀγορεύω ἀγορεύσω ἠγόρευσα, speak

     λωΐων, more desirable, more agreeable

    βασίλειος -α -ον, royal, kingly

    ἐθέλω ἐθελήσω ἠθέλησα ἠθέληκα --- ---, wish, consent

     ἕκαθεν, from afar

     πέρ, even

    νεῖκος, a quarrel

     ἄγω ἄξω ἤγαγον, do, drive, go

    ἐπέοικε, to be like, to suit

     δίκη -ης ἡ, justice

    πᾶς πᾶσα πᾶν, all, every

    δικάζω δικάσω ἐδίκασα δεδίκακα δεδίκασμαι ἐδικάσθην, to judge

    κεύθω, to cover, hide

    ἀποκομίζω, to carry back

     ἰθύνω, to propose a decision (see notes)

     λέκτρον, a couch, bed

    πορσύνω, to share

    πόσις ὁ, husband, spouse, mate

     νοσφίζω, turn away, shrink back

    γενέθλη, off-spring

    σπλάγχνον, womb

     φέρω οἴσω ἤνεγκα ἐνήνοχα ἐνήνεγμαι ἠνέχθην, bear, carry

    ὀπάζω, give, hand over

    δήιος, enemy

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    Suggested Citation

    Peter Hulse. Apollonius: Argonautica Book IV. Carlisle, Pennsylvania: Dickinson College Commentaries, 2024. ISBN: 978-1-947822-21-4. https://dcc.dickinson.edu/apollonius-argonautica/argonautica-iv-1051-1107