κάμμορε, τίπτ᾽ ἐπὶ τόσσον ἀμηχανίῃ βεβόλησαι;

ἴδμεν ἐποιχομένους χρύσεον δέρος: ἴδμεν ἕκαστα

ὑμετέρων καμάτων, ὅσ᾽ ἐπὶ χθονός, ὅσσα τ᾽ ἐφ᾽ ὑγρὴν1320

πλαζόμενοι κατὰ πόντον ὑπέρβια ἔργ᾽ ἐκάμεσθε.

οἰοπόλοι δ᾽ εἰμὲν χθόνιαι θεαὶ αὐδήεσσαι,

ἡρῷσσαι, Λιβύης τιμήοροι ἠδὲ θύγατρες.

ἀλλ᾽ ἄνα: μηδ᾽ ἔτι τοῖον ὀιζύων ἀκάχησο:

ἄνστησον δ᾽ ἑτάρους. εὖτ᾽ ἂν δέ τοι Ἀμφιτρίτη1325

ἅρμα Ποσειδάωνος ἐύτροχον αὐτίκα λύσῃ,

δή ῥα τότε σφετέρῃ ἀπὸ μητέρι τίνετ᾽ ἀμοιβὴν

ὧν ἔκαμεν δηρὸν κατὰ νηδύος ὔμμε φέρουσα:

καί κεν ἔτ᾽ ἠγαθέην ἐς Ἀχαιίδα νοστήσαιτε.

ὧς ἄρ᾽ ἔφαν, καὶ ἄφαντοι ἵν᾽ ἔσταθεν, ἔνθ᾽ ἄρα ταίγε

φθογγῇ ὁμοῦ ἐγένοντο παρασχεδόν. αὐτὰρ Ἰήσων

παπτήνας ἀν᾽ ἄρ᾽ ἕζετ᾽ ἐπὶ χθονός, ὧδέ τ᾽ ἔειπεν:

Ἵλατ᾽ ἐρημονόμοι κυδραὶ θεαί: ἀμφὶ δὲ νόστῳ

οὔτι μαλ᾽ ἀντικρὺ νοέω φάτιν. ἦ μὲν ἑταίρους

εἰς ἓν ἀγειράμενος μυθήσομαι, εἴ νύ τι τέκμωρ1335

δήωμεν κομιδῆς: πολέων δέ τε μῆτις ἀρείων.

ἦ, καὶ ἀναΐξας ἑτάρους ἐπὶ μακρὸν ἀύτει,

αὐσταλέος κονίῃσι, λέων ὥς, ὅς ῥά τ᾽ ἀν᾽ ὕλην

σύννομον ἣν μεθέπων ὠρύεται: αἱ δὲ βαρείῃ

φθογγῇ ὑποτρομέουσιν ἀν᾽ οὔρεα τηλόθι βῆσσαι:1340

δείματι δ᾽ ἄγραυλοί τε βόες μέγα πεφρίκασιν

βουπελάται τε βοῶν: τοῖς δ᾽ οὔ νύ τι γῆρυς ἐτύχθη

ῥιγεδανὴ ἑτάροιο φίλους ἐπικεκλομένοιο.

ἀγχοῦ δ᾽ ἠγερέθοντο κατηφέες: αὐτὰρ ὁ τούσγε

ἀχνυμένους ὅρμοιο πέλας μίγα θηλυτέρῃσιν1345

ἱδρύσας, μυθεῖτο πιφαυσκόμενος τὰ ἕκαστα:

κλῦτε, φίλοι: τρεῖς γάρ μοι ἀνιάζοντι θεάων,

στέρφεσιν αἰγείοις ἐζωσμέναι ἐξ ὑπάτοιο

αὐχένος ἀμφί τε νῶτα καὶ ἰξύας, ἠύτε κοῦραι,

ἔσταν ὑπὲρ κεφαλῆς μάλ᾽ ἐπισχεδόν: ἂν δ᾽ ἐκάλυψαν1350

πέπλον ἐρυσσάμεναι κούφῃ χερί, καὶ μ᾽ ἐκέλοντο

αὐτόν τ᾽ ἔγρεσθαι, ἀνά θ᾽ ὑμέας ὄρσαι ἰόντα:

μητέρι δὲ σφετέρῃ μενοεικέα τῖσαι ἀμοιβὴν

ὧν ἔκαμεν δηρὸν κατὰ νηδύος ἄμμε φέρουσα

ὁππότε κεν λύσῃσιν ἐύτροχον Ἀμφιτρίτη1355

ἅρμα Ποσειδάωνος. ἐγὼ δ᾽ οὐ πάγχυ νοῆσαι

τῆσδε θεοπροπίης ἴσχω πέρι. φάν γε μὲν εἶναι

ἡρῷσσαι, Λιβύης τιμήοροι ᾐδὲ θύγατρες:

καὶ δ᾽ ὁπόσ᾽ αὐτοὶ πρόσθεν ἐπὶ χθονὸς ἠδ᾽ ὅσ᾽ ἐφ᾽ ὑγρὴν

ἔτλημεν, τὰ ἕκαστα διίδμεναι εὐχετόωντο.1360

οὐδ᾽ ἔτι τάσδ᾽ ἀνὰ χῶρον ἐσέδρακον, ἀλλά τις ἀχλὺς

ἠὲ νέφος μεσσηγὺ φαεινομένας ἐκάλυψεν.

ὧς ἔφαθ᾽: οἱ δ᾽ ἄρα πάντες ἐθάμβεον εἰσαΐοντες.

ἔνθα τὸ μήκιστον τεράων Μινύῃσιν ἐτύχθη.

ἐξ ἁλὸς ἤπειρόνδε πελώριος ἔκθορεν ἵππος,1365

ἀμφιλαφής, χρυσέῃσι μετήορος αὐχένα χαίταις:

ῥίμφα δὲ σεισάμενος γυίων ἄπο νήχυτον ἅλμην

ὦρτο θέειν, πνοιῇ ἴκελος πόδας. αἶψα δὲ Πηλεὺς

γηθήσας ἑτάροισιν ὁμηγερέεσσι μετηύδα:

    The Heroines of Libya:

    The Heroines of Libya appear to Jason in a cross between a typical epic dream sequence and a desert mirage:

    1315: αὐτὰρ ὅ γ᾿ εἰς ἑτέρωσε παλιμπετὲς ὄμματ᾿ ἔνεικεν: “but he turned his eyes aside, falling back.

    1316: δαίμονας αἰδεσθείς: “showing reverence for the goddesses.” He does not dare look them directly in the eye. αὐτὸν δέ μιν ἀμφαδὸν οἶον: lit. “him, openly, alone.” Jason is the only one who can see the goddesses and their words are for him alone.

    1317: μειλιχίοις ἐπέεσσιν: “with kindly words.” The Heroines show pity to the hero.

    1318: κάμμορε: the opening line of the heroines’ speech encapsulates the mental state (ἀμήχανος, as often) of the leader of the Argonauts. ἐπὶ τόσσον: “to such an extent.” ἐπὶ is an emendation for transmitted ἔτι; see further (Hulse 2020). βεβόλησαι: pf. pass. of βολέω ‘you have been stricken with.”

    1319: ἴδμεν . . . ἴδμεν: “we know . . . we know.” The heroines are a much kindlier version of the Sirens tempting Odysseus at Od12.189–91. There may also be links with the words that the Muses speak to Hesiod at the beginning of the Theogony (27–8). ἐποιχομένους: “we know how you roamed the world after the Golden Fleece.”

    1319­–20: ἕκαστα / ὑμετέρων καμάτων: “each of your labours.”

    1320–1: ὅσ᾿ ἐπὶ χθονός, ὅσσα τ᾿ ἐφ᾿ ὑγρήν: “as many as, on land and on sea . . .”, object of κάμεσθε. The heroines’ words refer constantly to the action of the Odyssey (πλαζόμενοι κατὰ πόντον).

    1322: the goddesses introduce and announce themselves: “the highborn solitary Spirits of the land.” αὐδήεσσαι: “speaking with a human voice.”

    1323: ἡρῶσσαι Λιβύης τιμήοροι: as in 1309 and repeated again in 1358. A. establishes a semi-formulaic expression for the heroines. They are both protectors and “daughters’ of Libya.

    1324: ἀλλ᾿ ἄνα: “up then!” the heroines attempt to rouse Jason from his lethargy of despair. ἄνα is a shortened form of the imperative ἀνάστηθι < ἀνίστημι. The guardians of the Libyan desert sound like Alcmena at Theocr. 24.35–6, when she rouses her husband Amphitryon, with repeated (ἄνστησον in the next line) imperatives. The prohibitive μηδ(ε) phrase is modelled on Il6.486. ἀκάχησο: pres. imperat. pass. 2nd. sg. < ἀχεύω / ἀκᾰχίζω.

    1325: εὖτ᾿ ἂν δέ τοι: “as soon as.” Ἀμφιτρίτηthe wife of Poseidon and mother of Triton.

    1326: Paradoxically Poseidon’s brother Zeus is spoken of as having a ἐΰτροχον ἅρμα καὶ ἵππους at Il8.438 and then Poseidon takes care of them at 440 (λῦσε ~ λύσῃ). If one understands Amphitrite as standing by metonymy for the sea and ἅρμα as an equivalent for the Argo, the Libyans goddesses are speaking to Jason in true riddling fashion.

    1327: σφετέρῃ: properly the possessive Adj. of the 3rd. pers. pl. σφεῖς but can = ὑμέτερος.

    1328: ὧν ἔκαμεν: =ἐκείνων ἅ, “those things which”. ὔμμε: “you”, acc. 2nd. pl. (epic, aeolic) < σύ. The whole line metaphorically describes the Argo as though she were the ‘mother’ of the heroes: ἔκαμεν recalls κάματος which can be used of childbirth and κατὰ νηδύος is to be translated: “in her womb”.

    1329: ἠγαθέην ἐς Ἀχαιίδα νοστήσαιτε: “you may return to the holy land of Achaea.” A solemn and weighty line with concludingspondeiazon ends the heroines prediction.

    1330: ἵν᾿ ἔσταθεν: where they stood”: aor. ind. pass. 3rd. pl. (epic) <ἵστημι.

    1331: φθογγῇ ὁμοῦ: “together with their voices”. αὐτὰρ Ἰήσων: the poet turns his attention to Jason’s reaction.

    1332: παπτήνας ἀν᾿ ἄρ᾿ ἕζετ᾿: “he sat up and looked around.” Has he dreamt or has he seen a divine vision?

    1333; “ἵλατ᾿: “be gracious”, the proper term when addressing the divine, as is ἐρημονόμοι κυδραὶ θεαί: “glorious goddesses of the desert”.

    1334: as is natural after the supernatural experience that he has just had, Jason’s language seems a little confused: οὔ τι μάλ᾿ ἀντικρὺ νοέω φάτιν: lit. “not all do I completely understand”, i.e. “I do not at all understand”. ἦ μὲν ἑταίρους: as often in a tricky situation, Jason’s immediate recourse is to collegiate responsibility (1336: πολέων δέ τε μῆτις ἀρείων, “it is better to rely on the counsel of many”).

    1335-6: δήωμεν: pres. subj. act. 1st. pl. <δήω. The planning will seek τέκμωρ . . . κομιδῆς: “an indication of how to return”. ἀρείων: nom. comp. adj. sg., used as Comp. of ἀγαθός, cf. ἄριστος.

    1337: ἐπὶ μακρὸν ἀύτει: “shouted afar”. The use of this phrase makes Jason sound like a hero in full cry rather than a leader who does not know what to do (μακρὸν ἀΰτει Il. 20.50; καὶ μέγʼ ἀΰτει 21.582) and together with the simile likening him to a lion adds a note of incongruity to the description (see below on 1342-3).

    1338: αὐσταλέος κονίῃσι λέων ὥς: “like a lion all squalid with dust”.

    1339-40: σύννομον ἣν μεθέπων: “seeking its mate”. αἱ . . . βῆσσαι: balanced and elegant phrasing makes the description more vivid. The hyperbaton of definite article and noun embraces all the other elements of the sentence.

    1341: ἄγραυλοί τε βόες: “the cattle in the fields” balances βουπελάται τε βοῶν in the next line: “the herdsmen of the cattle”. πεφρίκασιν: a perfect tense used with present meaning < φρίσσω.

    1342-3: τοῖς δ᾿: i.e. to the Argonauts. His voice was not terrifying (ῥιγεδανή) to them. Their leader is not, after all, to be compared to an Iliadic lion but simply to a man calling to his friends (φίλοις ἐπικεκλομένοιο). Not for the first time, (e. g. 4.490-1), A., seems to be deflating, as it were, a typical Homeric theme.

    1343: κατηφέες: “with their heads down”, suffering from typical Argonautic ἀμηχανίη.

    1344: ὅρμοιο πέλας: lit. “near the anchorage”. Jason has assembled his men near to the Argo. μίγα θηλυτέρῃσιν: “men and women mixed together”: no social niceties for the castaways.

    1345: μυθεῖτο: imperf. ind. 3rd. sg. (attic epic)< μυθέομαι: A. introduces variations on the usual form of Speech introduction (e.g. Od. 13.37 Ἀλκινόῳ δὲ μάλιστα πιφαυσκόμενος φάτο μῦθον). In the speech that follows, Jason repeats varies and adds new information.

    1346: κλῦτε, φίλοι: “listen my friends”: aor. imperat. act. 2nd. pl. <κλύω. Jason opens his speech in Odyssean fashion: κλῦτε: Od. 14.495 κλῦτε, φίλοι· θεῖός μοι ἐνύπνιον ἦλθεν ὄνειρος (another dream sequence). τρεῖς γάρ μοι ἀνιάζοντι θεάων: another case of the word order emphasising the meaning: “three goddesses (three-the magic number; see further (Usener 1903)) . . . to me in my misery”. The goddesses literally ‘embrace’ the suppliant.

    1347: στέρφεσιν αἰγείοις ἐζωσμέναι: an elaborate and recondite phrase: “girdled in goat-skin capes”. as though to stress their magical qualities; see further (Harder 2019, 381). ἐζωσμέναι: perf. part. mp. fem. nom. pl. <ζώννυμι.

    1347-8: ἐξ ὑπάτοιο / αὐχένος: “from the top of the neck”. ἀμφί τε νῶτα καὶ ἰξύας: “around the back and the sides”. , ἠύτε κοῦραι: “like maidens (of Libya): see Hdt. 4.189.1-2.

    1350: ἔσταν: aor. ind. act. 3rd. pl. (doric) <ἵστημι: “they stood”. ἂν δ᾿ἐκάλυψαν: “they uncovered (me): an example of apocopation(ἂν for ἀνα) in tmesis.

    1351: κούφῃ χερί: the goddesses have treated Jason in gentle and gracious fashion.

    1352: αὐτόν τ᾿ ἔγρεσθαι: “to rouse myself” <ἔγρω, later form of ἐγείρω. Balanced by: ἀνά . . . ὄρσαι: aor. inf. act. <ὄρνυμι.

    1353-7: rewrite 1325-8. A. rewords what the Heroines said and does not repeat verbatim as Homer would have done.

    1353: σφετέρῃ: here means “our”. μενοεικέα: added by Jason: “plentiful, abundant”, probably meant to emphasise Jason’s usual emollient approach, when he is trying to win an audience over.

    1354: Virtually repeating 1328. Jason is playing the role of messenger and, according to Homeric practice, they repeat themselves, when ‘reporting back’. A. is acknowledging his debt to Homer.

    1355-6: see on 1326. πάγχυ νοῆσαι: again, acknowledging his lack of understanding of his experience but using more ornate (and oratorical) language to do so; see on 1334.

    1357: τῆσδε θεοπροπίης . . . πέρι: “about this prophecy / divine message. ἴσχω with νοῆσαι: “I’m not able to explain φάν: imperf. ind. act. 3rd. pl, (epic, doric, aeolic) <φημί, emphasised by γε μὲν: “indeed”.

    1358: repeated from 1323, because this is their official title.

    1359-60: Jason rewords the heroines’ claim to complete knowledge of the Argonauts’ exploits.

    1360: διίδμεναι: “to discern, to know”, a rare formation see LSJ s.v. δίοιδα and for comparison (the derivation is disputable): the wiki LSJεὐχετόωντο: “they claimed”: imperf. ind. mp. 3rd. pl. (epic) < εὐχετάομαι.

    1361: ἐσέδρακον: “I saw them (τάσδ᾿) no longer (οὐδ᾿ ἔτι) in their place (ἀνὰ χῶρον).

    1361-2: ἀχλὺς / ἠὲ νέφος: “a mist or a cloud”, language often associated often associate with distortions of vision or death (Il. 5.696 κατὰ δʼ ὀφθαλμῶν κέχυτʼ ἀ.). Jason finds it difficult to explain what has happened to him. μεσσηγὺ: goes closely with ἐκάλυψεν: “a kind of mist came between and hid them from sight”. φαεινομένας: epic form < φαίνω.

    1363: ἐθάμβεον εἰσαΐοντες: “listened with amazement to his tale”.

    1364: μήκιστον τεράων: “the most astounding prodigy (μήκιστον = μέγιστον) happened (ἐτύχθη) to the Minyans (i.e. the Argonauts).

    1365: In line with what has been prophesied earlier by the Heroines of Libya: Poseidon's horses, complete with flowing golden manes, in the Iliad (13.23–38), where their natural habitat is underwater, in lake or sea. πελώριος: the horse is huge. ἔκθορεν: “leapt forth from the sea (ἐξ ἁλὸς).

    1366: ἀμφιλαφής: here possibly meant to reinforce πελώριος but it is very often used of foliage and on occasion of hair (LSJ s.v. ἀμφιλαφής and χαίτη). As befits one of Poseidon’s horses, his neck is held high (μετήορος αὐχένα) and his hair is golden (χρυσέῃσι . . . χαίταις).

    1367: The image of the mighty horse quickly (ῥίμφα) shaking (σεισάμενος) the abundant (νήχυτον) spry (ἅλμην) from his limbs (γυίων ἄπο) is a fine and natural one.

    1368: ὦρτο θέειν: “he started to run”. πνοιῇ ἴκελος πόδας: “swift as the wind”. Aietes’ horses are similarly described at 4.221 (see 219-21n.). αἶψα δὲ Πηλεὺς: Peleus immediately (αἶψα) steps in and acts as interpreter of Jason’s vision / omen. He has played such a role before (e.g., 4.485-502).

    1369: γηθήσας: “rejoicing”. If one bears in mind the incredibly tough nature of the proposal that P. makes to his assembled comrades (ἑτάροισιν ὁμηγερέεσσι), the use of this particular participle might be read as an ironic authorial comment.

    Bibliography:

    Harder, A. 2019. ‘Taking Position: Later Hellenistic Epigrammatists’. In A Companion to Ancient Epigram, edited by Christer Henriksén. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.

    Hulse, P. 2020. ‘Κ.Φ. Unmasked: An Emendation Correctly Attributed’. Mnemosyne 1 (aop): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1163/1568525X-BJA10017.

    Usener, H. 1903. ‘Dreiheit’. RhM 58: 1–47.

    ἑτέρωσε, to the other side

     παλιμπετής, falling back

     ὄμμα -ατος τό, eye

     φέρω οἴσω ἤνεγκα ἐνήνοχα ἐνήνεγμαι ἠνέχθην, bear, carry

     δαίμων δαίμονος ὁ/ἡ, divinity, god, spirit

     αἰδέομαι, to show reverence to

    ἀμφαδόν, publicly, openly, without disguise

     οἶος -η -ον, alone

     μειλίχιος, gentle, mild, soothing

    ἀτύζομαι, to be distraught from fear, bewildered

    κάμμορος, ill-fated, long-suffering

     τίπτε, why? (τί ποτε)

    τόσσος, so great, so vast

     ἀμηχανία, want of means, helplessness, impotence

     βολέω, to be stricken

     οἶδα, infin. εἰδέναι, imper. ἴσθι, plupf. used as impf. ᾔδειν, to know

     ἐποίχομαι, to go in search of

     χρυσοῦς -ῆ -οῦν, golden, gold-inlaid

     δέρος, skin, fleece

    ἕκαστος -η -ον, each, every one

     ὑμέτερος -α -ον, your

     κάματος, toil, trouble, labour

     ὅσσος -η -ον, as great as

    χθών χθονός ἡ, the earth, ground

    ὑγρός, wet, moist, running, fluid

     πλάζω, to wander

    πόντος -ου ὁ, sea, the deep

     ὑπέρβιος, overwhelming, mighty

     ἔργον -ου τό, work, deed

     κάμνω καμοῦμαι ἔκαμον κεκήμακα --- ---, work, labour, win by toil

     οἰοπόλος, solitary, living in loneliness

    αὐδήεις, speaking with human voice

     ἡρῷσσα, ἡ, heroine

     Λιβύη, Libya, the north part of Africa

    τιμήορος, guardian

    θυγάτηρ θυγατρός ἡ, daughter

    ἀνίστημι ἀνστήσω ἀνέστησα (or ἀνέστην) ἀνέστηκα ἀνέσταμαι ἀνεστάθην, arise, get up,

    τοῖος -α -ον, such

     ὀϊζύς, woe, misery

     ἄχομαι, grieving, sorrowing, mourning

    Ἀμφιτρίτη, Amphitrite

     ἅρμα -ατος τό, chariot

     Ποσειδῶν -ῶνος ὁ, Poseidon

     εὔτροχος, well-wheeled

     λύω λύσω ἔλυσα λέλυκα λέλυμαι ἐλύθην, loose

    σφέτερος, your (see notes)

    ἀποτίνω, to pay a price

     ἀμοιβή, recompense, compensation, return, payment

    κάμνω καμοῦμαι ἔκαμον κεκήμακα --- ---, work, labour

     δηρός, long, too long

    νηδύς, the belly

     ὑμεῖς, you

    ἠγάθεος, very divine, most holy

    ἄφαντος, made invisible, blotted out, forgotten

    φθογγή, voice

     ὁμοῦ, in the same place, at the same place

     γίγνομαι γενήσομαι ἐγενόμην γέγονα γεγένομαι ---, become, happen

     παρασχεδόν, immediately

    παπταίνω, to look earnestly, gaze

    ἀνέζω, to sit upright

    χθών χθονός ἡ, the earth, ground

    ἵλημι, be gracious!

     ἐρημόνομος, dwelling in the desert

     κυδρός, glorious, illustrious, noble

    ἀντικρύ, completely

     νοέω νοοῦμαι --- --- --- ---, perceive, understand

     φάτις, oracle

    ἀγείρω ἤγειρα ἀγήγερμαι ἠγέρθην, gather, collect

     μυθέομαι, describe, explain, relate

    τέκμαρ, indication

     δήω, to find, meet with

     κομιδή, return

    μῆτις, wisdom, counsel, cunning, craft

     ἀρείων, better

    ἀναΐσσω, to start up, rise quickly

    ἀυτέω, to cry

     ἀυσταλέος, dry, unkempt, dusty

     κονίη, dust, a cloud of dust

     λέων λέοντος ὁ, lion

    ὕλη, wood

     σύννομος, mate

    μεθέπω, to follow after, follow closely

     ὠρύομαι, to roar

    βαρύς -εῖα -ύ, deep, low

     φθογγή, voice

     ὑποτρομέω, to tremble under

    ὄρος ὄρους τό, mountain, hill

    τηλόθι, far away

     βῆσσα, a wooded glen

     δεῖμα, fear, affright

    ἄγραυλος, dwelling in the field

    βοῦς βοός ὁ/ἡ, cattle

    φρίσσω, to shudder

     βουπελάτης, herdsman

    γῆρυς, voice, speech

     τεύχω τεύξω ἔτευξα τέτευχα τέτυγμαι ἐτύχθην, to be

     ῥιγεδανός, making one shudder with cold, chilling

     ἑταῖρος -ου ὁ, comrade, companion

     φίλος -η -ον, dear, beloved, one's own

     ἐπικέλομαι, to call upon

     ἀγχοῦ, near, nigh

    ἠγερέθομαι, to gather together, assemble

     κατηφής, with downcast eyes, downcast, mute

    ἄχνῠμαι, to grieve, sorry

     ὅρμος, anchorage

     πέλας, near

     μίγα, mixed with

     θῆλυς θήλεια θῆλυ, female

     ἱδρύω ἱδρύσω ἵδυρσα ἵδρυκα ἵδρυμαι ἱδρύθην, make sit down, seat

     μυθέομαι, speak or talk of, describe, explain, relate

     πιφαύσκω, to make manifest, declare, tell of

    κλύω, hearken

    ἀνιάζω, to grieve, distress

    στέρφος, hide, skin

     αἴγειος, of a goat

     ζώννυμι, to gird

    ὕπατος -η -ον, highest, the top of

     αὐχήν, the neck, throat

    νῶτον, the back

    ἰξύς, the waist

     ἠύτε, as, like as

    ὑπέρ, over, above

     κεφαλή -ῆς ἡ, head

    ἐπισχεδόν, near at hand, hard by

    ἀνακαλύπτω, to uncover

     πέπλος, cloak

     ἐρύω, draw, drag off

     κοῦφος, light, nimble

    κέλομαι, command, urge on, exhort, call to

    ἐγείρω ἐγερῶ ἤγειρα ἐγρήγορα --- ἠγέρθην, rouse, stir up

    ὄρνυμι, arouse, stir up

    σφέτερος, our

     μενοεικής, pleasing, abundant

    πάγχυ, quite, wholly, entirely

     νοέω νοοῦμαι --- --- --- ---, perceive, observe, think

     θεοπροπίη, a prophecy, oracle

     ἴσχω, to be able to

    ὁπόσος -η -ον, as many as, as great as

     πρόσθεν, before

    τλάω, to take upon oneself, to bear, suffer, undergo

    διαείδω, discern, distinguish (δια-είδω)

     εὐχετάομαι, to pray, claim

    χῶρος -ου ὁ, place, a piece of ground

     εἰσδέρκομαι, to look at, see

    ἀχλύς, a mist

    νέφος, a cloud, mass

    φαίνω φανῶ ἔφηνα πέφηνα πέφασμαι ἐφάν(θ)ην, appear

     καλύπτω, to cover with

    θαμβέω, to be astounded, amazed

     εἰσαίω, to listen

    μήκιστος, furthest, longest, biggest

     τέρας -ατος τό, portent

     Μινύαι, the Minyans

     τεύχω τεύξω ἔτευξα τέτευχα τέτυγμαι ἐτύχθην, happen

    ἤπειρος -ου ἡ, the land

     πελώριος, gigantic

     ἐκθρώσκω, to leap out of

     ἵππος -ου ὁ, horse, mare

     ἀμφιλαφής, large, massive

    μετήορος, raised

     αὐχήν, the neck, throat

     χαίτη, long, flowing hair

     ῥίμφα, lightly, swiftly, fleetly

     σείω, to shake, move to and fro

     γυῖον -ου, τό, limbs

    νήχυτος, full-flowing, copious

     ἅλμη, sea-water, brine

     ὄρνυμι, arouse, stir up

     θέω θεύσομαι --- --- --- ---, to run

     πνοή, a blowing, blast, breeze

     ἴκελος, like, resembling

    Πηλεύς, Peleus

     γηθέω, to rejoice

     ὁμηγερής, assembled

     μεταυδάω, to speak among

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    Suggested Citation

    Peter Hulse. Apollonius: Argonautica Book IV. Carlisle, Pennsylvania: Dickinson College Commentaries, 2024. ISBN: 978-1-947822-21-4. https://dcc.dickinson.edu/apollonius-argonautica/argonautica-iv-1316-1367