12.277-326

"ὣς ἐφάμην, τοῖσιν δὲ κατεκλάσθη φίλον ἦτορ.

αὐτίκα δ᾽ Εὐρύλοχος στυγερῷ μ᾽ ἠμείβετο μύθῳ·

‘σχέτλιός εἰς, Ὀδυσεῦ· περί τοι μένος, οὐδέ τι γυῖα

κάμνεις· ἦ ῥά νυ σοί γε σιδήρεα πάντα τέτυκται,280

ὅς ῥ᾽ ἑτάρους καμάτῳ ἁδηκότας ἠδὲ καὶ ὕπνῳ

οὐκ ἐάᾳς γαίης ἐπιβήμεναι, ἔνθα κεν αὖτε

νήσῳ ἐν ἀμφιρύτῃ λαρὸν τετυκοίμεθα δόρπον,

ἀλλ᾽ αὔτως διὰ νύκτα θοὴν ἀλάλησθαι ἄνωγας

νήσου ἀποπλαγχθέντας ἐν ἠεροειδέι πόντῳ.285

ἐκ νυκτῶν δ᾽ ἄνεμοι χαλεποί, δηλήματα νηῶν,

γίγνονται· πῇ κέν τις ὑπεκφύγοι αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον,

ἤν πως ἐξαπίνης ἔλθῃ ἀνέμοιο θύελλα,

ἢ Νότου ἢ Ζεφύροιο δυσαέος, οἵ τε μάλιστα

νῆα διαρραίουσι θεῶν ἀέκητι ἀνάκτων;290

ἀλλ᾽ ἦ τοι νῦν μὲν πειθώμεθα νυκτὶ μελαίνῃ

δόρπον θ᾽ ὁπλισόμεσθα θοῇ παρὰ νηὶ μένοντες,

ἠῶθεν δ᾽ ἀναβάντες ἐνήσομεν εὐρέι πόντῳ.’

ὣς ἔφατ᾽ Εὐρύλοχος, ἐπὶ δ᾽ ᾔνεον ἄλλοι ἑταῖροι.

καὶ τότε δὴ γίγνωσκον ὃ δὴ κακὰ μήδετο δαίμων,295

καί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδων·

‘Εὐρύλοχ᾽, ἦ μάλα δή με βιάζετε μοῦνον ἐόντα.

ἀλλ᾽ ἄγε νῦν μοι πάντες ὀμόσσατε καρτερὸν ὅρκον·

εἴ κέ τιν᾽ ἠὲ βοῶν ἀγέλην ἢ πῶυ μέγ᾽ οἰῶν

εὕρωμεν, μή πού τις ἀτασθαλίῃσι κακῇσιν300

ἢ βοῦν ἠέ τι μῆλον ἀποκτάνῃ: ἀλλὰ ἕκηλοι

ἐσθίετε βρώμην, τὴν ἀθανάτη πόρε Κίρκη.’

ὣς ἐφάμην, οἱ δ᾽ αὐτίκ᾽ ἀπώμνυον, ὡς ἐκέλευον.

αὐτὰρ ἐπεί ῥ᾽ ὄμοσάν τε τελεύτησάν τε τὸν ὅρκον,

στήσαμεν ἐν λιμένι γλαφυρῷ ἐυεργέα νῆα305

ἄγχ᾽ ὕδατος γλυκεροῖο, καὶ ἐξαπέβησαν ἑταῖροι

νηός, ἔπειτα δὲ δόρπον ἐπισταμένως τετύκοντο.

αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ πόσιος καὶ ἐδητύος ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο,

μνησάμενοι δὴ ἔπειτα φίλους ἔκλαιον ἑταίρους,

οὓς ἔφαγε Σκύλλη γλαφυρῆς ἐκ νηὸς ἑλοῦσα·310

κλαιόντεσσι δὲ τοῖσιν ἐπήλυθε νήδυμος ὕπνος.

ἦμος δὲ τρίχα νυκτὸς ἔην, μετὰ δ᾽ ἄστρα βεβήκει,

ὦρσεν ἔπι ζαῆν ἄνεμον νεφεληγερέτα Ζεὺς

λαίλαπι θεσπεσίῃ, σὺν δὲ νεφέεσσι κάλυψε

γαῖαν ὁμοῦ καὶ πόντον· ὀρώρει δ᾽ οὐρανόθεν νύξ.315

ἦμος δ᾽ ἠριγένεια φάνη ῥοδοδάκτυλος Ἠώς,

νῆα μὲν ὡρμίσαμεν κοῖλον σπέος εἰσερύσαντες.

ἔνθα δ᾽ ἔσαν νυμφέων καλοὶ χοροὶ ἠδὲ θόωκοι·

καὶ τότ᾽ ἐγὼν ἀγορὴν θέμενος μετὰ μῦθον ἔειπον·

‘ὦ φίλοι, ἐν γὰρ νηὶ θοῇ βρῶσίς τε πόσις τε320

ἔστιν, τῶν δὲ βοῶν ἀπεχώμεθα, μή τι πάθωμεν·

δεινοῦ γὰρ θεοῦ αἵδε βόες καὶ ἴφια μῆλα,

Ἠελίου, ὃς πάντ᾽ ἐφορᾷ καὶ πάντ᾽ ἐπακούει.’

ὣς ἐφάμην, τοῖσιν δ᾽ ἐπεπείθετο θυμὸς ἀγήνωρ.

μῆνα δὲ πάντ᾽ ἄλληκτος ἄη Νότος, οὐδέ τις ἄλλος325

γίγνετ᾽ ἔπειτ᾽ ἀνέμων εἰ μὴ Εὖρός τε Νότος τε.

notes

Eurylochus convinces Odysseus to let the crew land on Thrinakia. Odysseus makes the crew swear an oath not to eat the cattle of Helios.

Odysseus reports to the crew about the advice from Teiresias and Circe and it breaks their hearts, as it did when he told them they would have to explore Circe’s island and travel to the Underworld (12.277 = 10.193, 566). As usual, Eurylochus speaks for the sailors. Odysseus is σχέτλιός, his “iron” limbs never wear out (279–280). The adjective once again signals amazement (see 12.116 with essay), but affectionate tone it carries when coming from one of the hero’s female protectors is decidedly absent.

read full essay

The adjective σιδήρεα (280) typically describes a hard, unbending heart or will in Homeric epic. Like σχέτλιός, its tone can vary according to the context. Priam’s determination to retrieve his son from Achilles earns this epithet from both Hekabe and Achilles (Il. 24.205, 521). His wife is frustrated by his stubborn insistence on putting himself in danger; his enemy can only wonder at the frail old man’s courage. When Penelope refuses to acknowledge Odysseus immediately after he has dispatched the suitors (23.172), his use of the adjective to describe her heart carries the rich and subtle crosscurrents of emotion that underlie their first meeting in twenty years, frustration, even anger, but also a grudging admiration for his wife, who like him has endured and suffered, who refuses to be fooled.

The threats that Eurylochus foresees if the crew cannot land are familiar. Instead of a meal and rest, they will have to sail through the night on the dark sea, where winds and waves will overwhelm the ship. Odysseus sees the hand of a malevolent deity at work. His will overrode the qualms of the men earlier in the journey, but now he gives in. He acquiesces in Eurylochus’s plan to land on shore at Thrinakia but extracts an oath from the crew that they will abstain from eating any cattle or sheep they encounter. After they land the ship, eat dinner, and grieve for their companions, Zeus brings on the stormy dark anyway:

ὦρσεν ἔπι ζαῆν ἄνεμον νεφεληγερέτα Ζεὺς

λαίλαπι θεσπεσίῃ, σὺν δὲ νεφέεσσι κάλυψε

γαῖαν ὁμοῦ καὶ πόντον: ὀρώρει δ᾽ οὐρανόθεν νύξ.

Cloud-gathering Zeus stirred the stormy wind

with a supernatural gale, and smothered

land and sea. Night sprang from the heavens.

Odyssey 12.313–315

Threatened with drowning, eclipsed (Calypso-ed?) by clouds and darkness, the Greeks face what Odysseus will next encounter on Ogygia, the oblivion that has chased them across the sea.

The next morning Odysseus speaks again to the crew about eating from the local herds, this time raising the ante by mentioning for the first time that the cattle belong to Helios, who “sees all and hears all” (323). As he comes ever closer to the decisive event mentioned all the way back in the seventh verse of the poem, the poet draws out the action, slowing things down to make us wait. The perspective in this last adventure shifts, insofar as we have been told specifically that the destruction of the crew is near. Now all each meal, described with the familiar traditional phrases, might also be the crew’s last and the shadow of death creeps over these remaining scenes. The Odyssey is a comic story, driven by the need for restoration (See Introduction, para. 5). All will be well, we are told over and over, when Odysseus gets back home and kills the suitors. The lives of the other crew members, at the same time, are less important. Their deaths are certainly not welcome, but after all, they have brought destruction on themselves by failing to control their impulses. What seeps in here at the end of the adventures is a tragic undercurrent like the one that dominates the Iliad, nudging us toward a recognition that death finally defines the meaning of mortal life—for all mortals, even the weak-willed crew.

279 εἰς: enclitic, 2nd singular, > εἰμί.

279 περί: “is superior,” = περίεστι.

279 τοι: dative of possession.

279 γυῖα: accusative of respect.

280 σιδήρεα: predicate adjective.

280 πάντα: “all your limbs” (i.e., πάντα γυῖα).

280 τέτυκται: “are made (of),” 3rd singular perfect passive, > τεύχω.

281 ἁδηκότας: “having had too much,” “worn out with,” with dative, > ἁδέω. Accusative plural perfect participle.

281 ὕπνῳ: “sleepiness,” rather than “sleep”

283 κεν … τετυκοίμεθα: potential optative.

284 τετυκοίμεθα: “we could prepare,” optative, > τεύχω.

285 ἀποπλαγχθέντας: accusative plural aorist passive participle, modifying ἑτάρους, implied from line 281, > ἀποπλάζω, “lead astray from, wander from,” with genitive.

287 κεν … ὑπεκφύγοι …, ἤν … ἔλθῃ: mixed conditional (future more vivid protasis + future less vivid apodosis), or a future more vivid conditional (ἤν=ἐάν) with a potential optative substituting for the future indicative in the apodosis (Smyth 2326d).

290 ἀέκητι: “against the will of,” with genitive.

292 ὁπλισόμεσθα: hortatory short-vowel subjunctive.

292 ἠῶθεν: “in the morning.”

292 ἐνήσομεν: “we will set out on,” with dative. Future > ἐνίημι.

294 ἐπὶ … ᾔνεον: “agreed,” tmesis, > ἐπαινέω.

295 ὅ: =ὅτι.

297 μοῦνον ἐόντα: “being alone,” i.e., Odysseus is the only one of the men who disagrees with Eurylochus.

299 εἰ κέ … εὕρωμεν: “if we happen to find…” (Smyth 2354).

300 μή … τις ... / ... ἀποκτάνῃ: "(swear) that no one will kill ..." This negative purpose clause states the purpose of taking the oath, although a future or present infinitive is more usual with ὄμνυμι ("swear to...").

305 στήσαμεν: “stopped,” transitive, > ἵστημι.

306 ὕδατος γλυκεροῖο: "sweet water" = fresh water, as opposed to seawater.

308 ἐξ … ἕντο: “sent away,” tmesis, > ἐξίημι, imperfect middle 3 pl.

309 μνησάμενοι: μιμνήσκω here takes an accusative object instead of a genitive (Smyth 1358).

311 κλαιόντεσσι … τοῖσιν: dative with compound verb. κλαιόντεσσι, dative masculine plural present active participle, >κλαίω.

312 τρίχα: “the third part.”

312 μετὰ … βεβήκει: “had passed across (the sky),” tmesis, > μεταβαίνω. Singular verb with neuter plural subject.

313 ὦρσεν ἔπι: "stirred up," tmesis, anastrophe, > ἐπόρνυμι.

314 θεσπεσίῃ: “awful.” Dative of means.

315 ὀρώρει ... νύξ: this must mean that, although it was nearly morning and time for the sky to lighten, the storm returned the darkness of night to the sky. ὀρώρει, pluperfect, > ὄρνυμι.

318 ἔσαν: = ἦσαν.

319 ἀγορὴν θέμενος: “calling an assembly.”

320 γὰρ: “since,” anticipatory γάρ, followed by δέ in the main clause (Smyth 2811).

322 αἵδε: supply the verb εἰσί.

325 μῆνα … πάντ᾽: accusative of extent of time.

325 ἄη: 3rd singular imperfect active, > ἄημι.

326 εἰ μὴ: "except."

vocabulary

κατακλάω κατακλάσω κατέκλασα – κατακέκλασμαι κατεκλάσθην: to break, shatter; (pass.) to be broken (figuratively of the heart or spirit)

ἦτορ τό: the heart

Εὐρύλοχος –ου ὁ: Eurylochus, a cousin and companion of Odysseus

στυγερός –ά –όν: hated, abominated, loathed; chilling

ἀμείβω ἀμείψω ἤμειψα ἤμειφα ἤμειμμαι ἠμείφθην: to respond, answer; to exchange; (mid.) to take turns, alternate; to change, place, pass

μῦθος –ου ὁ: spoken thing, speech, plan, story

σχέτλιος –α –ον: strong, unwearying; stubborn, cruel, merciless

Ὀδυσσεύς –έως ὁ: Odysseus, king of Ithaca, hero of the Odyssey

μένος –ους τό: might

γυῖον –ου τό: only pl., joints

κάμνω καμοῦμαι ἔκαμον κεκήμακα ––– –––: to build, make, produce; to toil, suffer; (mid.) to become exhausted, become worn out; (aor. plur. partic.) those who have been worn out, to be dead 280

ἄρα: now, then, next, thus

σιδήρεος –α –ον: made of iron

τεύχω τεύξω ἔτευξα τέτευχα τέτυγμαι ἐτύχθην: to make, build, prepare, fasten; to bring about

ἄρα: now, then, next, thus

ἑταῖρος –ου ὁ: comrade, companion

κάματος –ου ὁ: fatigue, exhaustion; effort

ἁδέω ––– ––– ––– –––: to have too much of something; to be oppressed or weighed down

ἠδέ: and

ὕπνος –ου ὁ: sleep

γαίη –ης ἡ: land, region, district

ἐπιβαίνω ἐπιβήσομαι ἐπέβην ἐπιβέβηκα ––– –––: to go on, enter, step up, mount, board (a ship) + gen.

αὖτε: in turn, moreover, still, again, on the other hand

ἀμφίρυτος –ον: flowed around, sea-girt

λαρός –όν: pleasant to the taste, dainty, sweet

τεύχω τεύξω ἔτευξα τέτευχα τέτυγμαι ἐτύχθην: to make, build, prepare, fasten; to bring about

δόρπον –ου τό: the evening meal

αὔτως: in the same way, just as it is; merely; in vain

θοός –ή –όν: swift

ἀλάλημαι (perf. of ἀλάομαι): to wander

ἄνωγα (pf. as pres.), ἠνώγεα (plupf. as impf.): to command, invite, exhort

ἀποπλάζω ἀποπλάγξω ἀπέπλαγξα: to divert, distract; (aor. pass.) to be diverted, get lost 285

ἠεροειδής –ές: of dark and cloudy look, cloud-streaked

πόντος –ου ὁ: sea, open sea

ἄνεμος –ου ὁ: wind

δήλημα –ατος τό: a mischief, bane

πῇ or πῆ: to where? in what way? how?

ὑπεκφεύγω ὑπεκφεύξομαι ὑπεκέφυγον ὑπεκπέφευγα ––– –––: to escape

αἰπύς –εῖα –ύ: steep, high; total

ὄλεθρος –ου ὁ: ruin, destruction, death

ἐξαπίνας: suddenly

ἄνεμος –ου ὁ: wind

θύελλα –ης ἡ: storm, eruption

Νότος –ου ὁ: the South Wind

Ζέφυρος –ου ὁ: Zephyrus, the west wind

δυσαής –ές: ill-blowing, stormy

διαρραίω διαρραίσω διέρραισα: to dash in pieces, destroy 290

ἀέκητι: against one's will

ἄναξ –ακτος ὁ: ruler, lord

τοι: let me tell you, surely

μέλας μέλαινα μέλαν: black, dark, obscure

δόρπον –ου τό: the evening meal

ὁπλίζω ὁπλίσομαι ὥπλισα ὥπλικα ὥπλισμαι ὡπλίσθην: to equip, make ready; to arm

θοός –ή –όν: swift

ἕωθεν: from morn

ἀναβαίνω ἀναβήσομαι ἀνέβην ἀναβέβηκα ––– –––: to board, go up

ἐνίημι ἐνήσω ἐνῆκα ἐνεῖκα ἐνεῖμαι ἐνείθην: to launch a ship into the sea; to send in, set out

εὐρύς –εῖα –ύ: broad

πόντος –ου ὁ: sea, open sea

Εὐρύλοχος –ου ὁ: Eurylochus, a cousin and companion of Odysseus

αἰνέω αἰνέσω ᾔνεσα ᾔνεκα ᾔνημαι ᾔνέθην: to tell, speak of, praise; to agree

ἑταῖρος –ου ὁ: comrade, companion

μήδομαι μήσομαι ἐμησάμην: to meditate, prepare, plot 295

μιν: (accusative singular third person pronoun) him, her, it; himself, herself, itself

φωνέω φωνήσω ἐφώνησα πεφώνηκα πεφώνημαι ἐφωνήθην: to make a sound, speak

πτερόεις πτερόεσσα πτερόεν: winged

προσαυδάω προσαυδήσω προσηύδησα προσηύδηκα προσηύδημαι προσηυδήθην: to speak to, address, accost

Εὐρύλοχος –ου ὁ: Eurylochus, a cousin and companion of Odysseus

βιάζω βιάσομαι ἐβίασα ––– βεβίασμαι ἐβιάσθην: to do violence to (+ acc.), mistreat; to constrain by force

ἄγε: come! come on! well!

ὄμνυμι (or ὀμνύω) ὀμοῦμαι ὤμοσα ὀμώμοκα ὀμώμο(σ)μαι ὠμόθην: to swear

καρτερός –ά –όν : strong; fierce

ὅρκος –ου ὁ: oath

ἀγέλη –ης ἡ: a herd

πῶυ –ους τό: a flock

ὄϊς ὄϊος ὁ/ἡ: sheep

ἀτασθαλία –ας ἡ: recklessness, arrogance, foolishness 300

μῆλον –ου τό: sheep or goat; (plur.) flock

ἀποκτείνω ἀποκτενῶ ἀπέκτεινα ἀπέκτονα: kill

ἕκηλος –ον: calm, tranquil, safe, at rest, at one's ease; restraining oneself

ἐσθίω ἔδομαι ἔφαγον ἐδήδοκα ἐδέδησμαι –––: to eat

βρώμη –ης ἡ: food

ἀθάνατος –ον: immortal, deathless; (plur.) the gods

πόρω ––– ἔπορον ––– ––– –––: to offer, furnish, supply, give; (pf. pass. 3 sing.) it is fated

Κίρκη –ης ἡ: Circe, the enchantress, daughter of Helius, sister of Aeētes, dwelling in the isle of Aeaea

ἀπόμνυμι ἀπομοῦμαι/ἀπομόσω ἀπώμοσα ἀπομώμοκα – ἀπωμόθην/ἀπωμόσθην: to take an oath not to do something, swear off, deny with an oath

ἀτάρ (or αὐτάρ): but, yet

ἄρα: now, then, next, thus

ὄμνυμι (or ὀμνύω) ὀμοῦμαι ὤμοσα ὀμώμοκα ὀμώμο(σ)μαι ὠμόθην: to swear

ὅρκος –ου ὁ: oath

λιμήν –ένος ὁ: harbor 305

γλαφῠρός –ά –όν: hollow, deep

εὐεργής –ές: well-wrought, well-made

ἄγχι: near

γλυκύς γλυκεῖα γλυκύ: sweet, pleasant

ἐξαποβαίνω ἐξαποβήσομαι ἐξαπέβην ἐξαποβέβηκα ἐξαποβέβαμαι ἐξαπεβάθην: to step out of

ἑταῖρος –ου ὁ: comrade, companion

δόρπον –ου τό: the evening meal

ἐπισταμένως: skillfully

τεύχω τεύξω ἔτευξα τέτευχα τέτυγμαι ἐτύχθην: to make, build, prepare, fasten; to bring about

ἀτάρ (or αὐτάρ): but, yet

πόσις –ιος/–εως ἡ: drinking, drink

ἐδητύς –ύος ἡ: meat, food

ἔρος –ου ὁ: love, desire

κλαίω/κλάω κλαύσομαι/κλαήσω ἔκλαυσα ––– κέκλαυμαι/κέκλαυσμαι ἐκλαύσθην: to weep, cry

ἑταῖρος –ου ὁ: comrade, companion

ἔφαγον (aor. with no pres. in use): to eat, devour 310

Σκύλλη –ης ἡ: Scylla, a cave-dwelling sea monster

γλαφῠρός –ά –όν: hollow, deep

κλαίω/κλάω κλαύσομαι/κλαήσω ἔκλαυσα ––– κέκλαυμαι/κέκλαυσμαι ἐκλαύσθην: weep, cry

ἐπέρχομαι ἔπειμι ἐπῆλθον ἐπελήλυθα ––– –––: to approach, arrive; to encounter, come up against, attack

νήδυμος –ον: sweet, delightful;

ὕπνος –ου ὁ: sleep

ἦμος: when, while

τρίχα: threefold, in three parts

ἄστρον –ου τό: the stars

ὄρνυμι ὄρσω ὦρσα ὄρωρα ὀρώρεμαι –––: to stir up, move; (mid.) to rise, get up

ζαής –ές: strong-blowing, stormy

ἄνεμος –ου ὁ: wind

νεφεληγερέτα –ου ὁ: cloud-gatherer

Ζεύς Διός ὁ: Zeus

λαῖλαψ –απος ἡ: a tempest, furious storm, hurricane

θεσπέσιος [–α] –ον: divine; prodigious, extraordinary, supernatural; deafening

νέφος –ους τό: a cloud

καλύπτω καλύψω ἐκάλυψα κεκάλυμμαι ἐκαλύφθην: to cover

γαίη –ης ἡ: land, region, district 315

ὁμοῦ: together, at the same place or time

πόντος –ου ὁ: sea, open sea

ὄρνυμι ὄρσω ὦρσα ὄρωρα ὀρώρεμαι –––: to stir up, move; (mid.) to rise, get up

οὐρανόθεν: from heaven, down from heaven

ἦμος: when, while

ἠριγένεια –ας ἡ: early-born, child of morn

ῥοδοδάκτυλος –ον: rosy-fingered

ἠώς ἠοῦς ἡ: dawn; Dawn

ὀρμίζω ὁρμιοῦμαι ὥρμισα – ὥρμισμαι ὡρμίσθην: to bring (a ship) into harbor; (mid.) to come to anchor

κοῖλος –η –ον: hollow

σπέος gen. σπείους, dat. σπῆι, pl. dat. σπέσσι and σπήεσσι, τό: a cave, cavern, grotto

εἰσερύω/εἰσειρύω εἰσερύω εἰσέρυσα/εἰσέρυσσα/εἰσείρυσα εἰσειρύσθην: to draw into

νύμφη –ης ἡ: a young wife, bride; nymph, a divinity of waters or woods

χορός –οῦ ὁ: dance, chorus; dancing place

ἠδέ: and

θᾶκος (Ion. θῶκος) –ου ὁ: a seat, chair

ἀγορή –ῆς ἡ: market place, assembly

μῦθος –ου ὁ: spoken thing, speech, plan, story

θοός –ή –όν: swift 320

βρῶσις –εως ἡ: meat

πόσις –ιος/–εως ἡ: drinking, drink

ἀπέχω ἀφέξω (or ἀποσχήσω) ἀπέσχον ἀπέσχηκα ––– –––: to keep apart, keep off (+ gen.); (mid.) to restrain oneself, abstain

ἴφιος –α –ον: stout, fat

μῆλον –ου τό: sheep or goat; (plur.) flock

ἐφοράω (or ἐπορῶ) ἐπόψομαι ἐπεῖδον ἐφεόρακα/ἐφεώρακα ἐπῶμμαι/ἐφεόραμαι/ἐφεώραμαι ἐπώφθην: to oversee, observe, survey

ἐπακούω ἐπακούσομαι ἐπήκουσα ἐπακήκοα ––– –––: to listen, hear

ἐπιπείθομαι ἐπιπείσομαι ἐπεπιθόμην – ἐπιπέπεισμαι ἐπεπείσθην: to be persuaded (to)

ἀγήνωρ –ορος: manly, courageous, heroic

μείς μηνός ὁ: month

ἄλληκτος –ον: unceasing, ceaseless 325

ἄημι – – – – –: to breathe hard, blow

Νότος –ου ὁ: the South Wind

ἄνεμος –ου ὁ: wind

Εὖρος –ου ὁ: the East wind

Νότος –ου ὁ: the South Wind

Suggested Citation