1) Galliēnus cum adulēscēns factus esset Augustus, imperium prīmum fēlīciter, mox commodē, ad ultimum perniciōsē gessit. Nam iuvenis in Galliā et Īllyricō multa strēnuē fēcit, occīsō apud Mursam Ingenuō, quī purpuram sūmpserat, et Trebelliānō. Diū placidus et quiētus, mox in omnem lascīviam dissolūtus tenendae reī pūblicae habēnās probrōsā ignāviā et dēspērātiōne laxāvit.
(2) Alamannī, vāstātīs Galliīs, in Ītaliam penetrāvērunt. Dācia, quae ā Trāiānō ultrā Dānuvium fuerat adiecta, tum āmissa est. Graecia, Macedonia, Pontus, Asia vāstāta est per Gothōs, Pannonia ā Sarmatīs Quadīsque populāta est, Germānī ūsque ad Hispāniās penetrāvērunt et cīvitātem nōbilem Tarracōnem expūgnāvērunt, Parthī Mesopotamiā occupātā Syriam sibi coeperant vindicāre.
notes
Gallienus Emperor, 260–268 CE
(1) Galliēnus: Gallienus was Roman Emperor with his father Valerian from October 253 to spring 260, and alone from spring 260 to September 268.
imperium prīmum fēlīciter, mox commodē, ad ultimum perniciōsē gessit: fēlīciter, commodē, and perniciōsē modify gessit.
occīsō apud Mursam Ingenuō: ablative absolute using a perfect passive participle (AG 419). Ingenuus, a Roman military commander in Pannonia, rebelled in 260 and was defeated in Mursa on the Danube.
quī purpuram sūmpserat: quī refers to Ingenuus.
Trebelliānō: Eutropius mistakenly names the rebellious commander Trebellianus instead of Regalianus (Victor Epit. 32.3; H.A. Tyr. trig. 10.1–2) (Bird).
Diū placidus et quiētus: placidus and quiētus refers to Gallienus.
mox in omnem lascīviam dissolūtus tenendae reī pūblicae habēnās probrōsā ignāviā et dēspērātiōne laxāvit: English word order: mox dissolūtus in omnem lascīviam, laxāvit habēnās tenendae reī pūblicae probrōsā ignāviā et dēspērātiōne. tenendae is a genitive gerundive form (AG 507).
(2) Alamannī...Dācia...Germānī: Eutropius' severe compression of material (or that of his source) has caused chronological displacements here. The Alamanni penetrated Italy as far as Ravenna between 253 and 258. Dacia was attacked by the Goths and Carpi from at least 253 onwards and Transylvania was abandoned by Gallienus, but legions were established in Wallachia. The province was not given up until Aurelian's reign, probably in 271 CE (Bird).
vāstātīs Gallīīs: ablative absolute using a perfect passive participle (AG 419)
Graecia, Macedonia, Pontus, Asia vāstāta est per Gothōs: According to Jordanes,
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"While (Gallienus) was given over to luxurious living of every sort, Respa, Veduc and Thuruar, leaders of the Goths, took ship and sailed across the strait of the Hellespont to Asia. There they laid waste many populous cities and set fire to the renowned temple of Diana at Ephesus, which, as we said before, the Amazons built. Being driven from the neighborhood of Bithynia, they destroyed Chalcedon, which Cornelius Avitus afterwards restored to some extent. Yet even to-day, though it is happily situated near the royal city, it still shows some traces of its ruin as a witness to posterity. After their success, the Goths re-crossed the strait of the Hellespont, laden with booty and spoil, and returned along the same route by which they had entered the lands of Asia, sacking Troy and Ilium on the way. These cities, which had scarce recovered a little from the famous war with Agamemnon, were thus destroyed anew by the hostile sword. After the Goths had thus devastated Asia, Thrace next felt their ferocity." (Get. 20.107–108, trans. Charles C. Mierow)
cīvitātem: = urbem
vocabulary
Core Vocabulary | Numbers | Dates
|
Galliēnus, ī, m. |
(P. Licinius Valeriānus Egnatius) Galliēnus, Roman emperor 260–268 A.D. |
|
adulēscēns, entis [adolēscō, to grow up], m. |
young; as substantive, a young man |
|
Augustus, ī, m. |
a title of honor given to Octavianus in 27 BC and after him to all the Roman emperors |
|
fēlīciter [fēlīx], adv., comp. fēlicius, sup. fēlicissimē |
luckily, happily |
|
commodē [commodus], adv. |
fitly, easily, properly, rightly |
|
perniciōsē [perniciōsus], adv. |
dangerously, destructively |
|
Gallia, ae, f. |
the country of the Gauls; modern France and the territories on the west bank of the Rhine. The northern part of Italy was settled by Gauls, and was called Gallia Cisalpina; hence the pl. Galliae. |
|
Īllyricum, ī, n. |
a country east of the Adriatic Sea |
|
strēnuē [strēnuus], adv., sup. strēnuissimē |
vigorously |
|
Mursa, ae, f. |
a town in Pannonia |
|
Ingenuus, ī, m. |
one of the Thirty Tyrants; defeated and slain by Gallienus |
|
purpura, ae, f. |
purple—color, purple, purple garment |
|
Trebelliānus, ī, m. |
one of the Thirty Tyrants |
|
placidus, a, um [placō, to soothe], adj. |
calm, quiet, tranquil |
|
quiētus, a, um [quiēscō], adj. |
at rest, free from exertion; undisturbed, quiet, peaceful |
|
lascīvia, ae [lascīvus, sportive], f. |
jollity |
|
dissolūtus, a, um [part. of dissolvō, to take apart], adj. |
lax, remiss, negligent, careless |
|
habēna, ae [habeō], f. |
a holder, halter, rein; only in pl., the reins, direction, management, government |
|
probrōsus, a, um [probrum], adj. |
shameful, ignominious, infamous |
|
ignāvia, ae [ignāvus], f. |
idleness, sloth; cowardice, baseness |
|
dēspērātiō, ōnis [dēspērō], f. |
despair, desperation |
|
laxō, āre, āvī, ātus |
to loose, spread out, relax |
|
Alamannī, ōrum, pl. m. |
the Alamanni, a name applied to a confederacy of German tribes living between the Danube, the Rhine, and the Main 2 |
|
vāstō, āre, āvī, ātus |
to lay waste, devastate, destroy |
|
Ītalia, ae, f. |
Italy |
|
penetrō, āre, āvī, ātus [penitus] |
to enter, penetrate |
|
Dācia, ae, f. |
a country north of the Danube |
|
Trāiānus, ī, m. |
(M.) Ulpius Crīnītus Trāiānus, Roman emperor 98–117 A.D. |
|
Dānuvius, ī, m. |
the Danube river |
|
adiciō, ere, iēcī, iectus |
to throw to, fling; add |
|
Graecia, ae, f. |
Greece |
|
Macedonia, ae, f. |
an extensive country north of Greece, between Thessaly and Thrace |
|
Asia, ae, f. |
Asia; the Roman province of Asia Minor |
|
Gothī, ōrum, pl. m. |
the Goths, a Germanic people |
|
Pannonia, ae, f. |
one of the most important provinces of Rome, lying between the Danube and the Alps |
|
Sarmatae, ārum, pl. m |
the inhabitants of Sarmatia |
|
Quādī, ōrum, pl. m. |
a Suabian (Germanic) people |
|
populō, āre, āvī, ātus |
to plunder, ravage, lay waste |
|
Germānī, ōrum, pl. m. |
the Germans |
|
Hispānia, ae, f. |
Spain (including Portugal). It was divided into two provinces, Hispania Citerior and Ulterior; hence the pl. Hispaniae. |
|
Tarracō, ōnis, f. |
a city in Spain |
|
expūgnō, āre, āvī, ātus |
to take by storm, capture; overpower, prevail upon |
|
Parthī, ōrum, pl. m. |
a Scythian people southeast of the Caspian Sea |
|
Mesopotamia, ae, f. |
Mesopotamia, a division of Asia between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers |
|
Syria, ae, f. |
Syria, a country of Asia, on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea |
|
vindicō, āre, āvī, ātus [vīs + dīcō] |
to claim; liberate; avenge, take vengeance on |