(1) Armeniam quam occupāverant Parthī recēpit, Parthomasīrī occīsō quī eam tenēbat. Albānīs rēgem dedit. Hibērōrum rēgem et Sauromatārum et Bosphorānōrum et Arabum et Osdroēnōrum et Colchōrum in fidem accēpit. Carduenōs, Marcomedōs occupāvit et Anthemūsium, māgnam Persidis regiōnem, Seleuciam, Ctēsiphōntem, Babylōnem. Messēniōs vīcit ac tenuit.

(2) Ūsque ad Indiae fīnēs et mare Rubrum accessit atque ibi trēs prōvinciās fēcit, Armeniam, Assyriam, Mesopotamiam, cum hīs gentibus quae Madenam attingunt. Arabiam posteā in prōvinciae fōrmam redēgit. In marī Rubrō classem īnstituit, ut per eam Indiae fīnēs vāstāret.

    Trajan's Parthian Campaigns (114-116 CE)

    See Dio Cassius 68.17-20; C.S. Lightfoot, "Trajan's Parthian War and the Fourth Century Perspective," Journal of Roman Studies 80 (1990): 115-126.

    (1) Parthomasīrī occīsō: ablative absolute using a perfect passive participle (AG 419). Parthamasiris was the ruler of Armenia.

    Albānīs: see Albania.

    Hibērōrum rēgem et Sauromatārum et Bosphorānōrum et Arabum et Osdroēnōrum et Colchōrum: supply rēgem for each proper noun. For more information, see Kingdom of Iberia, Sarmatians, Bosporan Kingdom, Arabs, Osroene, and Colchis.

    in fidem accēpit: "received into alliance" the kings of various eastern peoples in the regions of Armenia and Mesopotamia. That is, they became nominally client kings of the Romans.

    occupāvit: "took possession of" the territory of various peoples in Mesopotamia who had been under the Parthian Empire: the Cardueni, the Marcomedi, and Anthemusium, a large portion of Persia, Seleucia, Ctesiphon (the Parthian capital) and Babylon.

    Messēniōs: the Messenii were either the inhabitants of Mesene in Babylia (Ammianus 24.3.12) or those of an island at the mouth of the Tigris (Bird).

    tenuit: "retained control of"

    (2) mare Rubrum: Trajan sailed down the Tigris to the Persian Gulf (not the Red Sea) (Bird).

    fēcit: "created" three new provinces, Armenia, Assyria, and Mesopotamia

    Madenam: Madena or Medena was a district in Armenia Minor, between the Kura and Araxes rivers.

    in marī rubrō classem instituit: Trajan sailed down the Tigris to the Persian Gulf (Bird).

    Core Vocabulary | Numbers | Dates

     

    Armenia, ae, f.

    a country of Asia southeast of the Black Sea

    Parthī, ōrum, pl. m.

    a Scythian people southeast of the Caspian Sea

    Parthomasīris, is, m.

    king of Armenia

    Albānī, ōrum, pl. m.

    the Albānī, the inhabitants of Alba Longa in Latium; the inhabitants of Albania west of the Caspian Sea

    Hibērī, ōrum, pl. m.

    the inhabitants of Hibēria

    Sauromātae, ārum, pl. m.

    a people of Asia dwelling on the Tanaïs river

    Bosporānī, ōrum, pl. m.

    people dwelling on the Cimmerian Bosporus

    Arabēs, ūm, pl. m.

    the inhabitants of Arabia

    Osdroēnī, ōrum, pl. m.

    the inhabitants of Osdroēna

    Colchī, ōrum, pl. m.

    the inhabitants of Colchis, in Asia

    Cardueni, ōrum, pl. m.

    a powerful and warlike people in the southeastern part of Armenia Māior

    Marcomedī, ōrum, pl. m.

    a people of western Asia

    Anthemūsia, ae, f.

    a province of Mesopotamia

    Persis, idis, f.

    Persia

    Seleucīa, ae, f.

    (1) a city in Assyria; (2) a city in Cilicia; (3) a city in Syria

    Ctēsiphōn, ōntis, f.

    a city in Assyria, on the Tigris

    Babylōn, ōnis, f.

    capital city of the Babylonian—Assyrian Empire in Mesopotamia, on the Euphrates

    Messēniī, ōrum, pl. m.

    the inhabitants of Messēnē, an island in the Tigris river

    India, ae, f.

    India, modern Hindustan 2

    ruber, bra, brum, adj.

    red; Rubrum mare, the Red Sea

    Armenia, ae, f.

    a country of Asia southeast of the Black Sea

    Assyria, ae, f.

    a division of Asia between Media, Mesopotamia, and Babylon

    Mesopotamia, ae, f.

    Mesopotamia, between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers

    Madena, ae, f.

    a part of Armenia

    attingō, ere, tigī, tāctus

    to border on, touch, attain

    Arabia, ae, f.

    Arabia

    redigō, ere, ēgī, āctus

    to reduce, render, bring

    vāstō, āre, āvī, ātus

    to lay waste, devastate, destroy

     

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