4. L. Genuciō et Q. Servīliō cōnsulibus mortuus est Camillus. Honor eī post Rōmulum secundus dēlātus est.
5. T. Quīntius dictātor adversus Gallōs, quī ad Ītaliam vēnerant, missus est. Hī ab urbe quārtō mīliāriō trāns Aniēnem fluvium cōnsēderant. Ibi nōbilissimus dē senātōribus iuvenis L. Mānlius prōvocantem Gallum ad singulāre certāmen prōgressus occīdit et, sublātō torque aureō collōque suō impositō, in perpetuum Torquātī et sibi et posterīs cognōmen accēpit. Gallī fugātī sunt, mox per C. Sulpicium dictātōrem etiam victī. Nōn multō post ā C. Mārciō Tuscī victī sunt et octō mīlia captīvōrum ex hīs in triumphum ducta.
notes
Chapter 4: Death of Camillus, 365 BCE
L. Genuciō et Q. Servīliō cōnsulibus: "L. Genucius and Q. Servilius being consuls" = "in the consulship of," etc. One of the regular ways of dating events in Latin is to give the names of the consuls for that year. Another is to reckon the time from the founding of the city [ab urbe conditā] (Hazzard). Ablative absolute construction with form of esse understood (AG 419.a)
Camillus: Marcus Furius Camillus, see Brev. 1.20
Honor eī post Rōmulum secundus dēlātus est: lit., "honor second after Romulus was conferred upon him" = "honor second to that of Romulus," etc. (Hazzard)
Chapter 5: Invasion of the Gauls; Torquatus, 361 BCE
adversus Gallōs: in 361 BCE, the Gauls invaded the Alban Hills in one of many sorties. T. Quinctius Pennus was appointed dictator and T. Manlius Torquatus supposedly slew a gigantic Gaul, seized his collar and earned himself the cognomen Torquatus. The story may well be an etiological myth. In 358 BCE, C. Sulpicius the dictator again defeated the Gauls. C. Marcius Rutilius was dictator in 356 BCE and he defeated the Tarquinians and Faliscans and led 8,000 of them in his triumph. The Gauls were again defeated in 350 BCE in Latium by the plebeian consul M. Popilius Laenas (Bird).
Hī: Gallī
mīliārīō: The Roman milestones were set up at intervals of 1000 paces, 5000 Roman feet, on the military roads. They gave the distance from the place from which the measurement was made, its name, the name of the person who erected the stone, and the name of the reigning emperor (Hazzard).
trāns Aniēnem fluvium: the Anio river, a tributary of the Tiber. Aniēnem is accusative from the old nominative Anien (Hazzard).
cōnsēderant: "had taken up a position"; pluperfect of cōnsīdō
nōbilissimus: "of highest birth" (Hazzard)
dē senātōribus: = ex senātōribus (Hazzard); ex or dē with cardinal numerals is regularly used instead of a partitive genitive (AG 346.c).
iuvenis L. Mānlius: T. Manlius Torquatus. His name is generally given as Titus (Hazzard).
prōgressus: > prōgredior, deponent verb agreeing with iuvenis L. Mānlius (AG 190)
sublātō torque aureō: "with a golden collar having been removed"; sublātō > tollō
in perpetuum: "forever"
fugātī sunt: note the difference in form and meaning between fugāre [to rout] and fugere [to flee] (Hazzard)
per C. Sulpicium dictātōrem: see C. Sulpicius. Eutropius occasionally substitutes per with the accusative for the ablative or dative of agent (Hazzard).
victī: supply sunt, subject is Tuscī
nōn multō post: lit., "not after by much" = "not long after" (Hazzard)
octō mīlia captīvōrum: it was customary to adorn the procession of the victorious general, when he was celebrating a triumph, with the captives he had taken in the campaign (Hazzard). For more information, see triumphs.
vocabulary
Core Vocabulary | Numbers | Dates
| Genucius, ī, m. | L. Genucius, consul 365 B.C. |
| Servīlius, ī, m. |
the name of a Roman gens, e.g. Q. Servīlius, consul 365 B.C. |
| Camillus, ī, m. |
(M.) Fūrius Camillus, a famous Roman hero; L. Fūrius (Camillus), consul 349 B.C. |
| Rōmulus, ī, m. |
the son of Rhea Silvia and Mars, the founder of Rome |
| T. |
abbreviation of the praenomen Titus |
| Quīntius, ī, m. | the name of a Roman gens. |
| dictātor, ōris [dictō, to stay often], m. |
a dictator, a magistrate with supreme power, chosen at times of supreme peril |
| Gallus, a, um |
pertaining to Gaul. Gallī, ōrum, pl. m., the Gauls. Gallus, ī, m. |
| mīliārium, ī, n. | a milestone, mile |
| Aniēn, ēnis or Aniō, ōnis, m. | a small tributary of the Tiber |
| fluvius, ī [fluō], m. | a river |
| cōnsīdō, ere, sēdī, sessus |
to sit down; settle, encamp, take a position |
| senātor, ōris [senātus], m. | a senator |
| Mānlius, ī, m. |
(1) A. Mānlius, consul 241 B.C.; (2) M. Mānlius, consul 105 B.C. |
| prōvocō, āre, āvī, ātus | to challenge |
| singulāris, e [singulī], adj. |
one by one, single, individual; remarkable, singular, unparalleled |
| certāmen, inis [certō, to fight], n. | a struggle, battle, engagement |
| prōgredior, gredī, gressus sum | to advance, proceed |
| torquis, is, m. | a twisted collar, necklace |
| collum, ī, m. | neck |
| Torquātus, ī, m. |
(1) T. Mānlius Torquātus, dictator 353 B.C.; (2) T. Mānlius Torquātus, consul 235 B.C. |
| cognōmen, inis [con + (g)nōmen], n. |
a surname, a name added to the individual and clan names of a person, either as a title of honor, as Africānus, Māgnus, or as a nickname, as Cicerō. Cognōmina served to distinguish different families of the same gens. |
| C. |
abbreviation of the praenomen Gaius |
| Sulpicius, ī, m. |
the name of a Roman gens. 1) C. Sulpicius, dictator 304 B.C.; (2) P. Sulpicius, consul 279 B.C.; (3) P. Sulpicius, consul 211 B.C. |
| Mārcius, ī, m. |
(1) Ancus Mārcius, the fourth king of Rome, 640–616 B.C.; (2) C. Mārcius, consul 310 B.C.; (3) Q. Mārcius, surnamed Coriolanus |
| Tuscī, ōrum, pl. m. |
the Etruscans, inhabitants of Etruria |
| captīvus, a, um [capiō], adj. |
captive; as subst., captīvus, ī, m., captīva, ae, f., captive, prisoner of war |
| triumphus, ī, m. |
a triumph, a splendid procession in which the victorious general entered the city accompanied by his soldiers and the spoil and captives he had taken. The procession passed around the Capitoline Hill into the Via Sacra, then into the Forum, and up to the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus. |