Robert of Normandy (Robert Curthose), on the left of his father, William the Conqueror. From the Bayeux Tapestry, 11th century. Bayeux Museum, Normandy, France

Bayeux Tapestry - Scene 19: Normans attack the motte-and-bailey castle of Dinan. A lance is used to surrender the keys. 11th century, Bayeux Museum, Normandy, France

view of Jerusalem from the Quidron (Kidron) Valley

Sword and spurs of Godfrey of Bouillon, in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem

The Tower of David in 1911 (moat, main gate, tower)

Mt. Silpius with ruins of the citadel, Antioch

The Siege of Antioch (Detail of a medieval miniature from Sébastien Mamerot's Les Passages d'Outremer (1473–1474)

A 12th century painting of crusader cannibalism

A medieval siege tower or belfry (drawing by Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, 1856)

A reconstructed trebuchet, Château de Castelnaud, Dordogne, France.

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