ὣς φάθ᾽, ὁ δ᾽ αὐτίκα παῦσεν ἑὸν ῥόον, ἔσχε δὲ κῦμα,
πρόσθε δέ οἱ ποίησε γαλήνην, τὸν δ᾽ ἐσάωσεν
ἐς ποταμοῦ προχοάς. ὁ δ᾽ ἄρ᾽ ἄμφω γούνατ᾽ ἔκαμψε
χεῖράς τε στιβαράς. ἁλὶ γὰρ δέδμητο φίλον κῆρ.
ᾤδεε δὲ χρόα πάντα, θάλασσα δὲ κήκιε πολλὴ455
ἂν στόμα τε ῥῖνάς θ᾽· ὁ δ᾽ ἄρ᾽ ἄπνευστος καὶ ἄναυδος
κεῖτ᾽ ὀλιγηπελέων, κάματος δέ μιν αἰνὸς ἵκανεν.
ἀλλ᾽ ὅτε δή ῥ᾽ ἄμπνυτο καὶ ἐς φρένα θυμὸς ἀγέρθη,
καὶ τότε δὴ κρήδεμνον ἀπὸ ἕο λῦσε θεοῖο.
καὶ τὸ μὲν ἐς ποταμὸν ἁλιμυρήεντα μεθῆκεν,460
ἂψ δ᾽ ἔφερεν μέγα κῦμα κατὰ ῥόον, αἶψα δ᾽ ἄρ᾽ Ἰνὼ
δέξατο χερσὶ φίλῃσιν· ὁ δ᾽ ἐκ ποταμοῖο λιασθεὶς
σχοίνῳ ὑπεκλίνθη, κύσε δὲ ζείδωρον ἄρουραν.
ὀχθήσας δ᾽ ἄρα εἶπε πρὸς ὃν μεγαλήτορα θυμόν·
"ὤ μοι ἐγώ, τί πάθω; τί νύ μοι μήκιστα γένηται;465
εἰ μέν κ᾽ ἐν ποταμῷ δυσκηδέα νύκτα φυλάσσω,
μή μ᾽ ἄμυδις στίβη τε κακὴ καὶ θῆλυς ἐέρση
ἐξ ὀλιγηπελίης δαμάσῃ κεκαφηότα θυμόν·
αὔρη δ᾽ ἐκ ποταμοῦ ψυχρὴ πνέει ἠῶθι πρό.
εἰ δέ κεν ἐς κλιτὺν ἀναβὰς καὶ δάσκιον ὕλην470
θάμνοις ἐν πυκινοῖσι καταδράθω, εἴ με μεθείη
ῥῖγος καὶ κάματος, γλυκερὸς δέ μοι ὕπνος ἐπέλθῃ,
δείδω, μὴ θήρεσσιν ἕλωρ καὶ κύρμα γένωμαι."
ὣς ἄρα οἱ φρονέοντι δοάσσατο κέρδιον εἶναι·
βῆ ῥ᾽ ἴμεν εἰς ὕλην· τὴν δὲ σχεδὸν ὕδατος εὗρεν475
ἐν περιφαινομένῳ· δοιοὺς δ᾽ ἄρ᾽ ὑπήλυθε θάμνους,
ἐξ ὁμόθεν πεφυῶτας· ὁ μὲν φυλίης, ὁ δ᾽ ἐλαίης.
τοὺς μὲν ἄρ᾽ οὔτ᾽ ἀνέμων διάη μένος ὑγρὸν ἀέντων,
οὔτε ποτ᾽ ἠέλιος φαέθων ἀκτῖσιν ἔβαλλεν,
οὔτ᾽ ὄμβρος περάασκε διαμπερές· ὣς ἄρα πυκνοὶ480
ἀλλήλοισιν ἔφυν ἐπαμοιβαδίς· οὓς ὑπ᾽ Ὀδυσσεὺς
δύσετ᾽. ἄφαρ δ᾽ εὐνὴν ἐπαμήσατο χερσὶ φίλῃσιν
εὐρεῖαν: φύλλων γὰρ ἔην χύσις ἤλιθα πολλή,
ὅσσον τ᾽ ἠὲ δύω ἠὲ τρεῖς ἄνδρας ἔρυσθαι
ὥρῃ χειμερίῃ, εἰ καὶ μάλα περ χαλεπαίνοι.485
τὴν μὲν ἰδὼν γήθησε πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς,
ἐν δ᾽ ἄρα μέσσῃ λέκτο, χύσιν δ᾽ ἐπεχεύατο φύλλων.
ὡς δ᾽ ὅτε τις δαλὸν σποδιῇ ἐνέκρυψε μελαίνῃ
ἀγροῦ ἐπ᾽ ἐσχατιῆς, ᾧ μὴ πάρα γείτονες ἄλλοι,
σπέρμα πυρὸς σώζων, ἵνα μή ποθεν ἄλλοθεν αὔοι,490
ὣς Ὀδυσεὺς φύλλοισι καλύψατο· τῷ δ᾽ ἄρ᾽ Ἀθήνη
ὕπνον ἐπ᾽ ὄμμασι χεῦ᾽, ἵνα μιν παύσειε τάχιστα
δυσπονέος καμάτοιο φίλα βλέφαρ᾽ ἀμφικαλύψας.
notes
Battered and exhausted by his ordeal, Odysseus finds a place to sleep.
451 ὁ: i.e., the god Odysseus has been addressing.
451 ἔσχε: "held back," "restrained."
453 ἄμφω: “both,” dual.
454 ἁλὶ: dative of means.
454 δέδμητο: 3rd sing. plupf. pass. indic. > δαμάζω.
455 ᾤδεε: “became swollen,” 3rd sing. impf. act. indic. > οἰδέω. The subject is Odysseus.
455 χρόα πάντα: “all over his skin,” accusative of respect > χς, ὁ.
455 κήκιε: unaugmented impf.
456 ἂν: = ἄνὰ.
457 κεῖτ(ο): unaugmented impf.
458 ἄμπνυτο: 3rd sing. aor. mid. indic. > ἀναπνέω.
458 θυμὸς ἀγέρθη: “consciousness was restored” (lit., “strength, or spirit, was gathered”)
458 ἀγέρθη: 3rd sing. aor. pass. indic. > ἀγείρω (see Autenrieth ἀγείρω).
459 ἀπὸ ἕο λῦσε: “unfastened from himself.”
459 θεοῖο: modifying κρήδεμνον, referring to the veil given to Odysseus by Ino. Odysseus finally follows the instructions Ino gave him in line 349.
461 δέξατο: unaugmented impf. > δέχομαι. The object of the verb is the κρήδεμνον.
463 ὑπεκλίνθη: 3rd sing. aor. pass. indic. > ὑποκλίνομαι.
464 introducing the last of Odysseus’s soliloquies in this book.
465 a near repetition of 5.299.
466 εἰ μέν κ᾽ … φυλάσσω: “if I keep watch,” protasis of a future more vivid conditional (εἰ κε = ἐάν).
466 δυσκηδέα νύκτα: accusative of extent of time.
467 μή … / … δαμάσῃ: “(I am afraid that) … will overcome …,” “may … not overcome,” μή + aor. subj. indicating fear or danger (Smyth 1802).
468 ἐξ ὀλιγηπελίης … κεκαφηότα: “worn out from weakness,” modifying με.
468 θυμόν: accusative of respect.
469 ἠῶθι πρό: “before dawn.” ἠῶθι is an Epic genitive form which can be followed by the preposition (LSJ πρό B).
470 εἰ δέ κεν … / … καταδράθω: protasis of a future more vivid conditional (εἰ κε = ἐάν).
471 καταδράθω: 1st sing. aor. act. subj. > καταδαρθάνω.
471 εἴ με μεθείη: “on the chance that … might release me,” εἰ + opt. (Smyth 2354).
471 μεθείη: 3rd sing. opt., with both ῥῖγος and κάματος as its subject.
472 γλυκερὸς δέ μοι ὕπνος ἐπέλθῃ: understand εἰ κε at the beginning of this clause, and take this as a second protasis of the future more vivid conditional introduced in line 470.
473 δείδω, μὴ … γένωμαι: clause of fearing, supplying the apodosis of the conditional introduced in line 470.
473 ἕλωρ καὶ κύρμα: both words mean “prey,” a pleonasm.
474 δοάσσατο κέρδιον εἶναι: “it seemed to be more profitable” (LSJ δοάσσατο).
475 βῆ … ἴμεν: “he set out.”
475 ἴμεν: pres. act. infin. > εἶμι.
476 ἐν περιφαινομένῳ: “in a conspicuous place” (Autenrieth περιφαίνομαι).
477 ἐξ ὁμόθεν πεφυῶτας: “growing from the same spot.”
477 πεφυῶτας: masc. acc. pl. pf. act. ptc. > φύω, modifying θάμνους.
478 διάη: unaugmented 3rd sing. impf. act. indic. > διάημι.
478 ἀέντων: masc. gen. pl. pres. act. ptc. > ἄημι, modifying ἀνέμων.
479 ἀκτῖσιν: dative of means.
480 περάασκε: 3rd sing. iterative impf. act. indic. > περάω.
481 ἐπαμοιβαδίς: “entwined with each other” (Autenrieth), “with interwoven boughs” (LSJ).
481 ὑπ᾽ …/ δύσετ(ο): tmesis, unaugmented 3rd sing. aor. mid. indic. > ὑποδύω.
482 ἐπαμήσατο: unaugmented 3rd sing. aor. mid. indic. > ἐπαμάομαι.
483 ἔην: = ἤν.
484 ὅσσον τ᾽ … ἔρυσθαι: “as much as to cover …,” “sufficient to cover.”
484 ἔρυσθαι: infin. > ἐρύομαι. For this use of the infinitive, see Smyth 2003.
485 εἰ καὶ μάλα περ χαλεπαίνοι: “even if it (the winter) should be especially hard,” “no matter how hard the winter,” protasis of a future less vivid conditional.
486 τὴν: probably has as its antecedent εὐνὴν in lin 482, the bed of leaves Odysseus has made.
487 λέκτο: unaugmented 3rd sing. aor. mid. indic. > λέχομαι.
487 ἐπεχεύατο: “heaped up for himself” > ἐπιχέω.
488 ὡς δ᾽ ὅτε … : introducing a simile.
488 ἐνέκρυψε: the aorist is usual in similes.
489 ᾧ μὴ πάρα γείτονες ἄλλοι: “(a man) who has no other neighbors,” for whom no other neighbors are present.” πάρα = πάρεισι.
490 ἵνα μή ποθεν ἄλλοθεν αὔοι: “so he won’t have to kindle it from somewhere else,” negative purpose clause, with optative in secondary sequence after ἐνέκρυψε in line 488.
491 τῷ: “his,” dative of possession with ὄμμασι in line 492.
492 χεῦ(ε): unaugmented 3rd sing. aor. act. indic. > χέω.
492 ἵνα μιν παύσειε …/ δυσπονέος καμάτοιο: “so that it (i.e., sleep) might give him rest from troublesome weariness,” purpose clause, with optative in secondary sequence after χεῦ᾽ (ἔχευε). For the use of παύω with accusative and genitive, see LSJ παύω I.2).
vocabulary
ἑός ἑή ἑόν: his, her, own
ῥόος –ου ὁ: a stream, flow, current
κῦμα –ατος τό: wave
πρόσθεν: before, in front of
οὗ, οἷ, ἕ and encl. οὑ, οἱ, ἑ: him, her, it; himself, herself, itself
γαλήνη –ης ἡ: stillness of the sea, calm
προχοή –ῆς ἡ: mouth (of a river)
ἄρα: now, then, next, thus
ἄμφω ἀμφοῖν: both (dual)
γόνυ γόνατος (or γουνός) τό: knee
κάμπτω κάμψω ἔκαμψα ––– κέκαμμαι ἐκάμφθην: to bend, curve
στιβαρός –ά –όν: compact, strong, stout, sturdy
ἅλς ἁλός ὁ: salt (m.); sea (f.)
δαμάζω δαμάσω ἐδάμασα δεδάμακα δεδάμασμαι/δέδμημα ἐδαμάσθην/ἐδμήθην: to overpower, tame, conquer, subdue
κῆρ κῆρος τό: heart, mind
οἰδέω οἰδήσω ᾤδησα ᾤδηκα: to swell, become swollen455
χρώς χρωτός, dat. χρωί ὁ: the surface of the body, the skin
κηκίω – – – – –: to gush
ῥίς ῥινός ἡ: the nose
ἄρα: now, then, next, thus
ἄπνευστος –ον: breathless
ἄναυδος –ον: speechless, silent
ὀλιγηπελέων –ουσα –ον: having little power, in feeble case, powerless
κάματος –ου ὁ: fatigue, exhaustion; effort
μιν: (accusative singular third person pronoun) him, her, it; himself, herself, itself
αἰνός –ή –όν: dread, grim
ἱκάνω ––– ––– ––– ––– –––: to come to, arrive at, reach
ἄρα: now, then, next, thus
ἀναπνέω ἀναπνευσοῦμαι/ἀναπνεύσομαι ἀνέπνευσα ἀναπέπνευκα ––– –––: to breathe again, take breath
φρήν φρενός ἡ: diaphragm; heart, mind, wits
ἀγείρω ἀγερῶ ἤγειρα ἀγήγερμαι ἠγέρθην: gather, collect
κρήδεμνον –ου τό: a veil
οὗ, οἷ, ἕ and encl. οὑ, οἱ, ἑ: him, her, it; himself, herself, itself
ἁλιμυρήεις –εσσα –εν: flowing into the sea460
μεθίημι μέθιημι μεθήσω μεθῆκα μεθεῖκα μεθεῖμαι μεθείθην: to let go, let loose, release
ἄψ: back
κῦμα –ατος τό: wave
ῥόος –ου ὁ: a stream, flow, current
αἶψα: rapidly, speedily, suddenly
ἄρα: now, then, next, thus
Ἰνώ –οῦς ἡ: Ino, daughter of Cadmus, worshipped as a sea-goddess by the name of Leucothea
λιάζομαι λιάσομαι ἐλιάσθην: to bend, incline
σχοῖνος –ου ὁ or ἡ: a rush
ὑποκλίνομαι ὑποκλινῶ ὑπέκλινα ὑποκέκλικα ὑποκέκλιμαι ὑπεκλίθην/ὑπεκλίνην: to recline
κυνέω κυνήσομαι ἐκύνησα: to kiss
ζείδωρος –ον: wheat-producing, fertile
ἄρουρα –ας ἡ: plowed or arable land; πατρίς ἄρουρα fatherland, homeland
ὀχθέω ὀχθήσω ὤχθησα: to be sorely angered, to be vexed in spirit
ἄρα: now, then, next, thus
ἑός ἑή ἑόν: his, her, own
μεγαλήτωρ –ορος: great - hearted, proud
μήκιστος –η –ον: tallest, greatest, largest465
δυσκηδής –ές: full of misery
ἄμυδις: together, at the same time
στίβη –ης ἡ: rime, hoar-frost
θῆλυς θήλεια θῆλυ: female, feminine; soft
ἕρση –ης ἡ: a young animal
ὀλιγηπελία –ας ἡ: weakness, faintness
δαμάζω δαμάσω ἐδάμασα δεδάμακα δεδάμασμαι/δέδμημα ἐδαμάσθην/ἐδμήθην: to overpower, tame, conquer, subdue
κεκαφηώς –υῖα –ός: breathing forth
αὔρα –ας ἡ: air in motion, a breeze
ψυχρός –ά –όν: cold, chill; heartless
πνέω πμεύσομαι/πνευσοῦμαι ἔπνευσα πέπνευκα ––– ἐπνεύσθην: breathe, be prudent
ἠώς ἠοῦς ἡ: dawn; Dawn
κλιτύς –ύος ἡ: a slope, hill-side470
ἀναβαίνω ἀναβήσομαι ἀνέβην ἀναβέβηκα ––– –––: to board, go up
δάσκιος –ον: thick-shaded, bushy
ὕλη –ης ἡ: woods, forest; firewood
θάμνος –ου ὁ/ἡ: a bush, shrub
πυκινός –ή –όν: closely-constructed, well fitted
καταδαρθάνω καταδαρθανῶ κατέδαρθον καταδεδάρθηκα – κατεδάρθην: to fall asleep
μεθίημι μέθιημι μεθήσω μεθῆκα μεθεῖκα μεθεῖμαι μεθείθην: to let go, let loose, release
ῥῖγος: frost, cold
κάματος –ου ὁ: fatigue, exhaustion; effort
γλυκύς γλυκεῖα γλυκύ: sweet, pleasant
ὕπνος –ου ὁ: sleep, sleepiness
ἐπέρχομαι ἔπειμι ἐπῆλθον ἐπελήλυθα ––– –––: to approach, arrive; to encounter, come up against, attack
δείδω δείσομαι ἔδεισα δέδοικα (or δίδια) ––– –––: to fear
θήρ θηρός ὁ: wild animal
ἕλωρ τό: booty, spoil, prey
κύρμα –ατος τό: booty, spoil, prey
ἄρα: now, then, next, thus
οὗ, οἷ, ἕ and encl. οὑ, οἱ, ἑ: him, her, it; himself, herself, itself
δοάσσατο (defective aor. subj): it seemed
κερδίων –ον: more profitable, better
ἄρα: now, then, next, thus475
ὕλη –ης ἡ: woods, forest; firewood
σχεδόν: near; almost
περιφαίνομαι περιφανοῦμαι περιέφηνα περιπέφαγκα περιπέφασμαι περιεφάνθην: to be visible all round
δοιοί –αί –ά: double, two, both
ἄρα: now, then, next, thus
ὑπέρχομαι ὑπελεύσομαι/ὕπειμι ὑπῆλθον ὑπελήλυθα ––– –––: to go under, enter
θάμνος –ου ὁ/ἡ: a bush, shrub
ὁμόθεν : from the same place
φυλία –ας ἡ: the wild olive
ἐλαία –ας ἡ: the olive-tree
ἄρα: now, then, next, thus
ἄνεμος –ου ὁ: wind
διάημι – – – – –: to blow through
μένος –ους τό: might
ὑγρός –ά –όν: wet, moist, running, fluid
ἄημι – – – – –: to breathe hard, blow
φαέθω ––– ––– ––– ––– –––: to shine
ἀκτίς –ῖνος ἡ: a ray, beam
ὄμβρος –ου ὁ: storm of rain, thunder-storm480
περάω περάσω (or περῶ) ἐπέρασα πεπέρακα ––– –––: to cross, go across; to penetrate
διαμπερές: continuous
ἄρα: now, then, next, thus
πυκ(ι)νός –ή –όν: thick, bushy, dense; prudent, wise, smart, shrewd
ἐπαμοιβαδίς: interchangeably
Ὀδυσσεύς –έως ὁ: Odysseus, king of Ithaca, hero of the Odyssey
δὐω δύσω έδυσα/ἔδυν δέδυκα δέδυμαι εδύθην: plunge in, go into, sink
ἄφαρ: straightway, forthwith, at once, quickly, presently
εὐνή εὐνῆς ἡ: pallet, bed, den; (pl.) stones (to anchor a ship), anchors
ἐπαμάομαι ἐπαμήσομαι ἐπημησάμην – ἀπήμημαι ἐπημήθην: to scrape together for oneself
εὐρύς –εῖα –ύ: broad
φύλλον –ου τό: a leaf
λέχομαι λέξομαι ἐλεξάμην λέλοχα - -: to lie down
χύσις –εως ἡ: a flood, stream; a heap
ἤλιθα: (adv.) very much; enough
εἰρύω/ἐρύω ἐρύσω/ἐρύω εἴρυσα/ἔρυσα/ἔρυσσα εἴρυσα/ἔρυσα/ἔρυσσα –– –– εἰρύσθην: to pull, draw, drag; to guard, protect
ὥρα –ας ἡ: time, season, climate485
χειμέριος [–α] –ον: wintry, stormy
χαλεπαίνω χαλεπανῶ ἐχαλέπηνα ἐχαλεπάνθην: to be severe, sore, grievous
γηθέω γηθήσω ἐγήθησα γέγηθα ––– –––: to rejoice, be glad
πολύτλας –αντος: having borne much, much-enduring
δῖος –α –ον: divine, godlike, shining
Ὀδυσσεύς –έως ὁ: Odysseus, king of Ithaca, hero of the Odyssey
ἄρα: now, then, next, thus
χύσις –εως ἡ: a flood, stream; a heap
ἐπιχέω ἐπιχέω ἐπέχεα ἐπικέχυκα ἐπικέχυμαι ἐπεχύθην: to pour water over; to heap up
φύλλον –ου τό: a leaf
δαλός –οῦ ὁ: a fire-brand, piece of blazing wood
σποδιά –ᾶς ἡ: a heap of ashes, ashes
ἐγκρύπτω ἐγκρύψω ἐνέκρυψα/ἐνέκρυβον ἐγκέκρυφα : to hide
μέλας μέλαινα μέλαν: black, dark, obscure
ἀγρός –οῦ ὁ: field, arable land
ἐσχατιά –ᾶς ἡ: the furthest part, edge, border, verge
γείτων –ονος ὁ/ἡ: one of the same land, neighbor
σπέρμα –ατος τό: seed, offspring490
ποθεν: from some place
ἄλλοθεν: from elsewhere
αὔω ἀΰσω ἤϋσα ἤϋκα ––– –––: to shout, cry: to burn, light a fire, get a light
Ὀδυσσεύς –έως ὁ: Odysseus, king of Ithaca, hero of the Odyssey
φύλλον –ου τό: a leaf
καλύπτω καλύψω ἐκάλυψα κεκάλυμμαι ἐκαλύφθην: to cover, enclose
ἄρα: now, then, next, thus
Ἀθήνη –ης ἡ: Athena
ὕπνος –ου ὁ: sleep, sleepiness
ὄμμα –ατος τό: the eye
χέω χέω ἔχεα or ἔχευα κέχυκα κέχυμαι ἐχύθην: to pour, shed
μιν: (accusative singular third person pronoun) him, her, it; himself, herself, itself
δυσπονής –ές: toilsome
κάματος –ου ὁ: fatigue, exhaustion; effort
βλέφαρον –ου τό: eyelid (mostly in plur.)
ἀμφικαλύπτω ἀμφικαλύψω ἀμφεκάλυψα ἀμφικεκάλυφα ἀμφικεκάλυμμαι ἀμφεκαλύφθην: to cover all round, enwrap, enfold, contain, overshadow