(1) Sex. Iūliō Caesare et L. Mārciō Philippō cōnsulibus sexcentēsimō quīnquāgēsimō nōnō annō ab urbe conditā, cum prope alia omnia bella cessārent, in Ītaliā gravissimum bellum Pīcentēs, Marsī Pelīgnīque mōvērunt. Quī, cum annīs numerōsīs iam populō Rōmānō obedīrent, tum lībertātem sibi aequam adserere coepērunt. Perniciōsum admodum hoc bellum fuit.
(2) P. Rutilius cōnsul in eō occīsus est, Caepiō nōbilis iuvenis, Porcius Catō, alius cōnsul. Ducēs autem adversus Rōmānōs Pīcentibus et Marsīs fuērunt T. Vettius, Hierius Asinius, T. Hērennius, A. Cluentius.
(3) Ā Rōmānīs bene contrā eōs pūgnātum est ā C. Mariō, quī sexiēs cōnsul fuerat, et ā Cn. Pompēiō, māximē tamen ā L. Cornēliō Sullā, quī inter alia ēgregia ita Cluentium hostium ducem cum māgnīs cōpiīs fūdit, ut ex suīs ūnum āmitteret.
(4) Quadrienniō cum gravī tamen calamitāte hoc bellum trāctum est. Quīntō dēmum annō fīnem accēpit per L. Cornēlium Sullam cōnsulem, cum anteā in eōdem bellō ipse multa strēnuē, sed praetor, ēgisset.
notes
Social War, 90–88 BCE
Livy, Epitome 71–76; Diodorus Siculus 37.10.1–3, 11.1 ff., 13.1 ff.; Appian, Civil Wars 1.5.42 ff.
(1) Sex. Iūliō Caesare et L. Mārciō Philippō cōnsulibus: ablative absolute with form of esse understood (AG 419a). Sextus Julius Caesar (uncle of famous dictator Julius Caesar) and Lucius Marcius Philippus were consuls in 91 BCE.
Pīcentēs, Marsī Pelīgnīque: In 91 BCE the tribune M. Livius Drusus proposed to extend the franchise to the Italian allies. He lost the support of the senate, the equites and the populace of Rome and was assassinated. A coalition of Picentes, Marsi, Paeligni, Marrucini, Vestini, Frentani, Hirpini and Samnites, denied Roman citizenship, decided to fight for independence and the Italian or Social War broke out (Bird).
Quī: Pīcentēs, Marsī Pelīgnīque
(2) P. Rutilius cōnsul: see Publius Rutilius Lupus
Caepiō: see Quintus Servilius Caepio the Younger
Porcius Catō: see Lucius Porcius Cato
alius: alter
Ducēs autem adversus Rōmānōs: see T. Vettius, Hierius Asinius, T. Hērennius, A. Cluentius
(3) Ā Rōmānīs: "on the side of the Romans" (Hazzard)
pūgnātum est: main verb is used impersonally (AG 207)
ā C. Mariō: for more information about the career of Gaius Marius, see Brev. 5.1–2
ā Cn. Pompēiō: Pompeius Strabo, the father of future illustrious general Pompey the Great
ā L. Cornēliō Sullā: generally known as Sulla. Sulla’s career will be discussed in Brev. 5.4 ff.
Cluentium: see Lucius Cluentius
inter alia ēgregia: substantive adjectives (AG 288)
ut ex suīs ūnum āmitteret: result clause with ita (AG 537)
(4) cum anteā in eōdem bellō ipse multa strēnuē, sed praetor, ēgisset: cum here is concessive (AG 549). Since he was a praetor and not a consul, he was ineligible for a triumph.
vocabulary
Core Vocabulary | Numbers | Dates
|
Iūlius, i, m. |
the name of a Roman gens |
|
Caesar, aris, m. |
a family name in the Julian gens. (1) C. Iūlius Caesar, the famous dictator; (2) Sex. Iūlius Caesar, uncle of the dictator. Consul 91 B.C.; (3) C. Octāviānus, the emperor Augustus |
|
Philippus, ī, m. |
(1) Philip V., king of Macedonia 220—178 B.C.; (2) (M. Iūlius) Philippus I., Roman emperor 244–249 A.D.; (3) (M. Iūlius) Philippus II., son of (2); (4) L. Mārcius Philippus, consul 91 B.C.; (5) Q. Mārcius Philippus, consul 186 B.C. |
|
cessō, āre, āvī, ātus [freq. of cēdō] |
to be inactive, loiter, delay; come to an end, cease |
|
Pīcentēs, ium, pl. m. |
the inhabitants of Picenum |
|
Marsī, ōrum, pl. m. |
a brave and warlike Sabellian people, who dwelt in the mountains of central Italy |
|
Paelīgnī, ōrum, pl. m. |
a Sabine people dwelling in central Italy |
|
numerōsus, a, um [numerus], adj. |
in full numbers, numerous, manifold |
|
oboediō, īre, īvī, ītus |
to give ear to, hearken, listen; to yield |
|
adserō, ere, uī, tus |
to claim, lay claim to |
|
perniciōsus, a, um [perniciēs], adj. |
dangerous, destructive |
|
admodum [ad + modus], adv. |
up to the full limit, very, exceedingly |
|
P. |
abbreviation of the praenomen or nomen Publius |
|
Rutilius, ī, m. |
P. Rutilius, consul 90 B.C. |
|
Caepiō, ōnis, m. |
the name of a Roman family, Cn. Servīlius Caepiō, consul 253 B.C., Q. (Cn.) Servīlius Caepiō, consul 140 B.C., Q. (Servilius) Caepiō, consul 106 B.C. |
|
Porcius, ī, m. |
the name of a Roman gens. |
|
Catō, ōnis, m. |
a family name in the Porcian gens. (1) (M.) Porcius Catō, consul 89 B.C.; (2) C. (Porcius) Catō, consul 114 B.C.; (3) M. Porcius Catō, consul 118 B.C.; (4) M. Porcius Catō Uticēnsis |
|
T. |
abbreviation of the praenomen Titus |
|
Vettius, ī, m. |
T. Vettius, a leader of the Marsi in the Marsic war |
|
Hierius, ī, m. |
Hierius Asinius, leader of the Samnites in the Marsic war |
|
Asinius, ī, m. |
Hierius Asinius, leader of the Marsi in the Marsic war, 90 B.C. |
|
Hērennius, ī, m. |
T. Hērennius (Pontius), leader of the Samnites in the Marsic war |
|
A. |
abbreviation of the praenomen Aulus |
|
Cluentius, ī, m. |
a leader of the Marsi in the Marsic war |
|
C. |
abbreviation of the praenomen Gaius |
|
Marius, ī, m. |
the name of a family at Rome; (1) C. Marius, seven times consul, leader of the democratic party in the Civil war between him and Sulla. (2) C. Marius, son of (1). Consul 82 B.C.; (3) M. Aurēlius Marius, one of the Thirty Tyrants |
|
Cn. |
abbreviation of the praenomen Gnaeus |
|
Pompēius, ī, m. |
(1) Cn. Pompēius, consul 89 B.C.; (2) Cn. Pompēius, surnamed Magnus, the triumvir, consul 70 B.C.; (3) Cn. Pompēius, son of the triumvir; (4) Q. Pompēius, consul 141 B.C.; (5) Sex. Pompēius, younger son of the triumvir |
|
Cornēlius, ī, m. |
the name of a large and important gens at Rome. See Asina, Cinna, Dolābella, Faustus, Fuscus, Galbus, Lentulus, Rūfinus, Scīpiō, Sulla. |
|
Sulla, ae, m. |
L. Cornēlius Sulla, surnamed Felix, consul 88 B.C. |
|
calamitās, ātis, f. |
a calamity, defeat |
|
dēmum, adv. |
at last, finally; tum dēmum, then at last, not till then |
|
anteā [ante], adv. |
before, formerly |
|
strēnuē [strēnuus], adv., sup. strēnuissimē |
vigorously |