τὴν δ᾽ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς·
"ἀργαλέον, βασίλεια, διηνεκέως ἀγορεῦσαι
κήδε᾽, ἐπεί μοι πολλὰ δόσαν θεοὶ οὐρανίωνες·
τοῦτο δέ τοι ἐρέω ὅ μ᾽ ἀνείρεαι ἠδὲ μεταλλᾷς.
Ὠγυγίη τις νῆσος ἀπόπροθεν εἰν ἁλὶ κεῖται·
ἔνθα μὲν Ἄτλαντος θυγάτηρ, δολόεσσα Καλυψὼ245
ναίει ἐυπλόκαμος, δεινὴ θεός· οὐδέ τις αὐτῇ
μίσγεται οὔτε θεῶν οὔτε θνητῶν ἀνθρώπων.
ἀλλ᾽ ἐμὲ τὸν δύστηνον ἐφέστιον ἤγαγε δαίμων
οἶον, ἐπεί μοι νῆα θοὴν ἀργῆτι κεραυνῷ
Ζεὺς ἔλσας ἐκέασσε μέσῳ ἐνὶ οἴνοπι πόντῳ.250
ἔνθ᾽ ἄλλοι μὲν πάντες ἀπέφθιθεν ἐσθλοὶ ἑταῖροι,
αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ τρόπιν ἀγκὰς ἑλὼν νεὸς ἀμφιελίσσης
ἐννῆμαρ φερόμην· δεκάτῃ δέ με νυκτὶ μελαίνῃ
νῆσον ἐς Ὠγυγίην πέλασαν θεοί, ἔνθα Καλυψὼ
ναίει ἐυπλόκαμος, δεινὴ θεός, ἥ με λαβοῦσα255
ἐνδυκέως ἐφίλει τε καὶ ἔτρεφεν ἠδὲ ἔφασκε
θήσειν ἀθάνατον καὶ ἀγήραον ἤματα πάντα·
ἀλλ᾽ ἐμὸν οὔ ποτε θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἔπειθεν.
ἔνθα μὲν ἑπτάετες μένον ἔμπεδον, εἵματα δ᾽ αἰεὶ
δάκρυσι δεύεσκον, τά μοι ἄμβροτα δῶκε Καλυψώ·260
ἀλλ᾽ ὅτε δὴ ὀγδόατόν μοι ἐπιπλόμενον ἔτος ἦλθεν,
καὶ τότε δή μ᾽ ἐκέλευσεν ἐποτρύνουσα νέεσθαι
Ζηνὸς ὑπ᾽ ἀγγελίης, ἢ καὶ νόος ἐτράπετ᾽ αὐτῆς.
πέμπε δ᾽ ἐπὶ σχεδίης πολυδέσμου, πολλὰ δ᾽ ἔδωκε,
σῖτον καὶ μέθυ ἡδύ, καὶ ἄμβροτα εἵματα ἕσσεν,265
οὖρον δὲ προέηκεν ἀπήμονά τε λιαρόν τε.
ἑπτὰ δὲ καὶ δέκα μὲν πλέον ἤματα ποντοπορεύων,
ὀκτωκαιδεκάτῃ δ᾽ ἐφάνη ὄρεα σκιόεντα
γαίης ὑμετέρης, γήθησε δέ μοι φίλον ἦτορ
δυσμόρῳ· ἦ γὰρ ἔμελλον ἔτι ξυνέσεσθαι ὀιζυῖ270
πολλῇ, τήν μοι ἐπῶρσε Ποσειδάων ἐνοσίχθων,
ὅς μοι ἐφορμήσας ἀνέμους κατέδησε κέλευθον,
ὤρινεν δὲ θάλασσαν ἀθέσφατον, οὐδέ τι κῦμα
εἴα ἐπὶ σχεδίης ἁδινὰ στενάχοντα φέρεσθαι.
τὴν μὲν ἔπειτα θύελλα διεσκέδασ᾽· αὐτὰρ ἐγώ γε275
νηχόμενος τόδε λαῖτμα διέτμαγον, ὄφρα με γαίῃ
ὑμετέρῃ ἐπέλασσε φέρων ἄνεμός τε καὶ ὕδωρ.
ἔνθα κέ μ᾽ ἐκβαίνοντα βιήσατο κῦμ᾽ ἐπὶ χέρσου,
πέτρῃς πρὸς μεγάλῃσι βαλὸν καὶ ἀτερπέι χώρῳ·
ἀλλ᾽ ἀναχασσάμενος νῆχον πάλιν, ἧος ἐπῆλθον280
ἐς ποταμόν, τῇ δή μοι ἐείσατο χῶρος ἄριστος,
λεῖος πετράων, καὶ ἐπὶ σκέπας ἦν ἀνέμοιο.
ἐκ δ᾽ ἔπεσον θυμηγερέων, ἐπὶ δ᾽ ἀμβροσίη νὺξ
ἤλυθ᾽. ἐγὼ δ᾽ ἀπάνευθε διιπετέος ποταμοῖο
ἐκβὰς ἐν θάμνοισι κατέδραθον, ἀμφὶ δὲ φύλλα285
ἠφυσάμην· ὕπνον δὲ θεὸς κατ᾽ ἀπείρονα χεῦεν."
notes
Odysseus tells how he left Kalypso's island, reached Scheria, and was helped by Nausicaa.
In response to the queen, Odysseus does not reveal his identity, crafting a polite but cleverly evasive reply. He leads with a lengthy recap of his adventures with Calypso and subsequent encounter with Nausicaa on the beach, presumably exciting to the royal couple but telling us nothing we don’t already know (cf. 6.170–77).
read full essay
He makes sure to lay on fulsome praise for the princess, how poised and well-mannered she was when meeting him, especially for one so young! This last detail is important. When dealing with Nausicaa on the beach, Odysseus walked a careful line, complimenting her on her beauty and so stirring her interest to win her over but avoiding any overtly sexual signals that would frighten her. The strategy worked and she has enthusiastically delivered him to the palace. Now she is safely tucked away, and Odysseus has a different challenge, to ingratiate himself with her parents without giving away any information about himself until he is ready to do so. Thus, he adopts an almost parental attitude toward Nausicaa that works in his favor in two ways, reassuring her parents that he is no predator and indirectly praising them for raising their daughter so well. Finally, he throws in, almost casually, as an afterthought, that Nausicaa gave him the clothes that Arete has recognized. Nothing untoward has happened, they may rest assured.
From a naturalistic point of view, Odysseus’ success at evading any mention of his identity seems plausible—the description of his adventures goes on long enough that they might not notice right away, especially if they are won over by his flattery. The real test, of course, is whether the poem’s audience, as listeners hearing the story roll by in the moment, would have found the omission glaring and that we cannot judge definitively from this distance. In any event, from our perspective as students of Homer’s storytelling after the fact, there is much here to think about. The fact that Odysseus withholds his identity for now is crucial to the poem’s larger thematic structure. While the story can be seen as a linear progression, following Odysseus’s journey from Troy to Ithaka, the dominant narrative rhythm of the poem is a series of circular, recursive movements, tracing the hero’s arrival in a new place as an anonymous stranger, his attempts to learn as much as he can about the locals as he can without revealing who he is until he feels safe, and finally the climactic moment when he or someone else reveals his name. Each time the pattern repeats, from the time the stranger is reborn in a new place until the hero Odysseus is revealed, the poet builds an ever more subtle meditation on the riddles of human identity, centered on the polarity of glory and namelessness. With the triumphant homecoming of Odysseus, which affirms that he has fully reassumed the roles that symbolize his true identity, king in Ithaka, husband of Penelope, father of Telemachus, and son of Laertes, the poet brings the story circling around for the last time (see essay on Book 6.211–38). Arete’s question could not be more important, but it comes too early, before the hero can learn what he must to risk revealing himself.
Alkinous is so taken with the stranger’s self-portrait that he is unable to contain himself:
αἲ γάρ, Ζεῦ τε πάτερ καὶ Ἀθηναίη καὶ Ἄπολλον,
τοῖος ἐὼν οἷός ἐσσι, τά τε φρονέων ἅ τ᾽ ἐγώ περ,
παῖδά τ᾽ ἐμὴν ἐχέμεν καὶ ἐμὸς γαμβρὸς καλέεσθαι
αὖθι μένων· οἶκον δέ κ᾽ ἐγὼ καὶ κτήματα δοίην,
εἴ κ᾽ ἐθέλων γε μένοις·
Oh Father Zeus and Athena and Apollo, how I wish
that you, being as you are and thinking the same as I do,
could have my daughter as a wife and be called my son-in-law,
and remain here. I would give you a home and possessions,
if you should wish to stay.
Odyssey 7.311–15
The king is willing to give his daughter away to someone whose name he does yet know, an enthusiastic gesture of hospitality if ever there was one, perhaps sending a chill down Odysseus’s spine. Alkinous goes on to guarantee safe passage home for Odysseus, a promise that will prove costly to the Phaeacians. Poseidon bears a grudge against Odysseus for harming his son Polyphemus, and the Phaeacians will pay the penalty:
βῆ ῥ᾽ ἴμεν ἐς Σχερίην, ὅθι Φαίηκες γεγάασιν.
ἔνθ᾽ ἔμεν᾽· ἡ δὲ μάλα σχεδὸν ἤλυθε ποντοπόρος νηῦς
ῥίμφα διωκομένη· τῆς δὲ σχεδὸν ἦλθ᾽ ἐνοσίχθων,
ὅς μιν λᾶαν ἔθηκε καὶ ἐρρίζωσεν ἔνερθε
χειρὶ καταπρηνεῖ ἐλάσας·
[Poseidon] went off to Scheria, where the Phaeacians live
and waited there. The seagoing ship came near,
skimming along, and the Earthshaker came near to her
and turned her into stone, rooting her to the bottom
with a stroke from the flat of his hand.
Odyssey 13.160–64
The stone ship will sit blocking the harbor of the Phaeacians, presumably cutting them off from contact with others, hardening their isolation yet further.
The Phaeacians are only one of many societies that suffer from their acquaintance with Odysseus. Love for Odysseus makes Calypso, immortal nymph, long for something she cannot have. The spark of amorous excitement that Nausicaa feels when she meets the stranger on the beach is snuffed out abruptly when the hero moves on. Polyphemus, whose circumscribed but orderly existence allows him to live alone, is left helpless when Odysseus blinds him. Aeolus loses control of the winds, the task allotted to him by the gods, when he agrees to help the Greeks. The Sun God loses his cattle. By the time he reaches home, Odysseus has lost his entire crew. Not for nothing does Autolycus give his grandson the name, “man of trouble.” Though the poem’s dominant rhetoric urges us to accept everything that the hero does to reach home as necessary to the restoration of right order, he leaves a trail of collateral damage along the way.
Homer’s deft portrait of Alkinous, created with a few telling speeches, carries more weight than its often-comic tone would suggest. Impulsive, generous to a fault, and easily swayed by events of the moment, the king seems to lack the requisite regal solemnity. To his flightiness the poet contrasts the quiet self-possession of Arete, who asks the right questions and maintains a queenly reserve. As we have seen, she will be the character on which Homer will build his impressive portrait of Penelope at the end of the poem, while Antinous seems to prefigure the deficit in masculine authority that the beggar will find in Ithaka. The evening comes to a close and Arete sends the stranger to bed with a telling command: ὄρσο … ὦ ξεῖνε (342).
Further Reading
Austin, N. 1972. “Name Magic in the Odyssey.” California Studies in Classical Philology 5: 1–9.
Dimock, G. 1965. “The Name of Odysseus.” Hudson Review 9: 52–70.
Van Nortwick, T. 2008. The Unknown Odysseus: Alternate Worlds in Homer’s Odyssey, 47–50. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
241 ἀργαλέον: understand ἐστι.
243 ἀνείρεαι: 2nd sing. pres. mid./pass. indic. > ἀνέρομαι.
248 ἐφέστιον: “to her hearth,” or as a predicate with ἐμὲ, “to be her guest.”
249 μοι: dative of possession, with νῆα.
250 ἔλσας: masc. nom. sing. aor. act. ptc. > εἴλω. Either “hindering” or, in an unusual sense for the verb, “striking” (for the latter possibility, see LSJ εἴλω D).
251 ἀπέφθιθεν: 3rd pl. aor. pass. indic. > ἀποφθίνω, with an active intransitive meaning.
253 φερόμην: unaugmented impf.
256 ἔφασκε: “kept saying,” iterative impf.
257 θήσειν: “that she would make …,” aor. infin. > τίθημι. Infinitive in the accusative and infinitive construction of indirect discourse, with the accusative omitted because the subject of the infinitive is the same as the subject of the main verb. The verb τίθημι can take an object (με, carried over from line 255) and a predicate accusative “to make (acc.) (acc.)” (Smyth 1613).
257 ἤματα πάντα: “for all my days,” accusative of extent of time.
259 μένον: unaugmented impf.
260 δεύεσκον: unaugmented 1st sing. iterative impf. > δεύω.
261 ἐπιπλόμενον: “revolving,” “coming around,” neut. nom. sing. pres. mid. ptc. > ἐπιπέλομαι.
263 Ζηνὸς ὑπ᾽ ἀγγελίης , ἢ …: “(either) by a messenger of Zeus, or …,” giving possible explanations for Calypso’s decision to let Odysseus go.
263 νόος … αὐτῆς: “her own mind.”
264 πέμπε: unaugmented 3rd sing. impf. The object of the verb, με, is omitted.
264 ἔδωκε: the indirect object, μοι, is omitted.
265 ἕσσεν: 3rd sing. aor. act. indic. > ἔννυμι. The verb takes a double accusative, “to clothe (acc. of person) in (acc.).” As with πέμπε in line 264, the accusative of person, με, is omitted.
267 πλέον: unaugmented impf.
268 ἐφάνη: 3rd sing. aor. act. indic. > φαίνω, with neuter plural subject.
269 μοι: dative of possession.
270 δυσμόρῳ: agreeing with μοι.
272 κατέδησε κέλευθον: “stopped me in my tracks” (LSJ καταδέω A.II).
273 οὐδέ τι: “not at all.”
274 εἴα: 3rd sing. impf. act. indic. > ἐάω. The subject is κῦμα, the object (με) is omitted.
274 ἁδινὰ: adverbial neut. acc. pl. (Smyth 1606).
274 στενάχοντα: acc. modifying the omitted object (με) of εἴα.
275 τὴν: i.e., Odysseus’s raft (σχεδίη).
275 διεσκέδασ(ε): 3rd sing. aor. act. indic. > διασκεδάννυμι.
276 τόδε λαῖτμα: “this sea here.” Imagine Odysseus pointing in the direction of the sea.
276 διέτμαγον: “cut through,” 1st sing. aor. act. indic. > διατμήγω.
276 ὄφρα: “until.”
277 ἐπέλασσε: 3rd sing. aor. act. indic. > πελάζω. With two singular subjects, ἄνεμός τε καὶ ὕδωρ, but technically agreeing only with the nearer subject.
278 κέ μ᾽ … βιήσατο: “would have broken me,” κε + aor., indicating unrealized past potential (Smyth 1784).
279 πέτρῃς: fem. dat. pl.
280 νῆχον: unaugmented impf.
280 ἧος: “until” (= ἕως).
281 τῇ: “where.”
281 ἐείσατο: “seemed,” 3rd sing. aor. mid./pass. indic. > εἴδομαι.
282 ἐπὶ σκέπας: “sheltered from,” with genitive.
283 ἐκ … ἔπεσον: “I fell down,” “I fell (to my knees),” tmesis > ἐκπίπτω.
283 ἐπὶ …/ ἤλυθ(ε): “came on,” tmesis > ἐπέρχομαι.
285 κατέδραθον: 1st sing. aor. act. indic. > καταδαρθάνω.
285 ἀμφὶ: “around (me).”
286 κατ᾽ … χεῦεν: “poured down,” tmesis > καταχέω.
vocabulary
ἀπαμείβομαι ἀπαμείψομαι ἀπημειψάμην ἀπημείφθην: to reply, answer 240
πρόσφημι πρόσφησω προσέφησα: to speak to, address
πολύμητις –ιος: of many counsels
Ὀδυσσεύς –έως ὁ: Odysseus, king of Ithaca, hero of the Odyssey
ἀργαλέος –α –ον: hard to endure or deal with, difficult
βασίλεια –ας ἡ: queen, princess
διηνεκής –ές: continuous, unbroken; (adv.) from beginning to end, fully
ἀγορεύω ἀγορεύσω ἠγόρευσα ἠγόρευκα ἠγόρευμαι ἠγορεύθην: to speak, say
κῆδος –ους τό: care, thought (for others); anxiety, worry, pain, grief
Οὐρανίωνες –ων οἱ: the heavenly ones, the gods above
ἐρῶ εἴρηκα ἐρρήθην: to say, tell, speak
ἀνέρομαι ἀνερήσομαι ἀνηράσθην ἀνήρασμαι : to enquire of, question
ἠδέ: and
μεταλλάω μεταλλήσω μετέλλησα: to search after other things
Ὠγυγία –ας ἡ: Ogygia, a mythical island in the Mediterranean, the abode of Calypso
ἀπόπροθε: from far off, at a distance
ἅλς ἁλός ὁ: salt (m.); sea (f.)
Ἄτλας –αντος ὁ: Atlas, the father of Calypso, a god who knows the depths of the sea and holds the pillars that keep heaven and earth asunder 245
δολόεις –εσσα –εν: subtle, wily
Καλυψώ –οῦς ἡ: Calypso, a goddess, daughter of Atlas
ναίω – – – – –: dwell, inhabit, be situated
ἐϋπλόκαμος –ον: fair-haired
θνητός –ή –όν: mortal
δύστηνος –ον: wretched, unhappy, unfortunate, disastrous
ἐφέστιος (Ion. ἐπίστιος) –ον: at one's own fireside, at home
οἷος –α –ον: (such a kind) as; for οἷός τε see οἷος III.2
θοός –ή –όν: swift
ἀργής –ῆτος: bright, glancing
κεραυνός –οῦ ὁ: a thunderbolt
Ζεύς Διός ὁ: Zeus 250
εἴλω εἰλήσω εἴλησα ––– εἴλημαι εἰλήθην: to roll up, pack, shut in, corral
κεάζω κεάσσω ἐκέασσα – – ἐκεάσθην: to split, cleave
οἶνοψ –οπος: wine-coloured, wine-dark
πόντος –ου ὁ: sea, open sea
ἀποφθίνω ἀποφθίσω ἀπέφθισα/ἀπέφθιθον ἀπέφθικα ἀπέφθιμαι –––: to perish utterly, die away
ἐσθλός –ή –όν: good
ἑταῖρος –ου ὁ: comrade, companion
ἀτάρ (or αὐτάρ): but, yet, consequently
τρόπις –εως ἡ: keel (of a ship)
ἀγκάς: in the arms
ἀμφιέλισσα (fem. only): curved on both sides, concave (of ships)
ἐννῆμαρ: for nine days
μέλας μέλαινα μέλαν: black, dark, obscure
Ὠγυγίη –ης ἡ: Ogygia, a fabulous island, the residence of Calypso
πελάζω πελάσω ἐπέλασα ––– ––– ἐπελάσθην: (trans.) to bring, carry, conduct (to an indicated place); (intrans.) to draw near, approach
Καλυψώ –οῦς ἡ: Calypso, a goddess, daughter of Atlas
ναίω – – – – –: dwell, inhabit, be situated 255
ἐϋπλόκαμος –ον: fair-haired
ἐνδυκέως: thoughtfully, carefully
φιλέω φιλήσω ἐφίλησα πεφίλημαι ἐφιλήθην: to love, hold dear; to entertain as a guest
ἠδέ: and
φάσκω impf. ἔφασκον ––– ––– ––– –––: to say, affirm, think, deem
ἀθάνατος –ον: immortal, deathless; (plur.) the gods
ἀγήραος –ον: unagaing, undecaying
ἦμαρ –ατος τό: day
στῆθος –ους τό: breast, chest; (pl.) heart, spirit
ἑπταέτης –ες: of seven years
ἔμπεδος –ον: firm-set, steadfast, constant, unchanged; (in neuter as adverb) firmly, steadily
εἷμα –ατος τό: clothing
δάκρυον –ου τό: a tear 160
δεύω δεύσω ἔδευσα ––– δέδευμαι ἐδεύθην: to wet, drench
ἄμβροτος –ον: immortal, divine
Καλυψώ –οῦς ἡ: Calypso, a goddess, daughter of Atlas
ὀγδόατος –η –ον: the eighth
ἐπιπέλομαι ––– ––– ––– ––– –––: to come to
ἐποτρύνω ἐποτρυνῶ ἐπώτρυνα: to urge on, extort; (mid.) hasten on with
νέομαι ––– ––– ––– ––– –––: to return (often in present with future sense), go home, go
Ζεύς Διός ὁ: Zeus
ἀγγελία –ας ἡ: a message, tidings, news
νόος νόου ὁ: mind, perception
σχεδία –ας ἡ: a raft, float
πολύδεσμος –ον: fastened with many bonds
σῖτος –ου ὁ: grain; bread 265
μέθυ –υος τό: wine, mead
ἄμβροτος –ον: immortal, divine
εἷμα –ατος τό: clothing
ἕννυμι ἕσσω ἕσσα: clothe, put on clothing
οὖρος –ου ὁ: a fair wind
προίημι προήσω προῆκα προεῖκα προεῖμαι προείθην: to send ahead; to shoot
ἀπήμων –ον gen. –ονος: unharmed, unhurt; doing no harm; favorable
λιαρός –ά –όν: warm
ἦμαρ –ατος τό: day
ποντοπορεύω ποντοπορεύσω ποντοπόρευσα: to pass over the sea
ὀκτωκαιδέκατος: eighteenth
σκιόεις –εσσα –εν: shady, shadowy
γαίη –ης ἡ: land, region, district
γηθέω γηθήσω ἐγήθησα γέγηθα ––– –––: to rejoice, be glad
φίλος –η –ον: friend; loved, beloved, dear
ἦτορ τό: the heart
δύσμορος –ον: ill-fated, ill-starred 270
σύνειμι συνέσομαι ––– ––– ––– –––: be with (incl. be wife of, study with)
ὀϊζύς: sorrow, grief, distress, hardship
ἐπόρνυμι ἐπόρσω ἐπῶρσα: to stir up, arouse, excite
Ποσειδῶν (or Ποσειδάων) –ῶνος ὁ: Poseidon
ἐνοσίχθων –ονος ὁ: earth-shaker (epithet of Poseidon)
ἐφορμάω ἐφορμήσω ἐφώρμησα ἐφώρμηκα ἐφώρμημαι ἐφωρμήθην: to stir up, rouse against; to be eager, desire
ἄνεμος –ου ὁ: wind
καταδέω καταδεήσω κατεδέησα καταδεδέηκα καταδεδέημαι κατεδεήθην: to bind, take prisoner, convict, cast a spell on
κέλευθος –ου ἡ: path, with neuter plural κέλευθα
ὀρίνω ὀρινῶ ὤρινα: to stir, raise, agitate
ἀθέσφατος –ον: beyond even a god's power to express; ineffable, aweful; too much
κῦμα –ατος τό: wave
σχεδία –ας ἡ: a raft, float
ἀδινός –ή –όν: close, thick; (neut. plur.) vehemently
στενάχω ––– ––– ––– ––– –––: to sigh, groan, wail
θύελλα –ης ἡ: storm, eruption 275
διασκεδάννυμι διασκεδῶ διεσκέδασα ––– διεσκέδασμαι διεσκεσάσθην: to scatter abroad, scatter to the winds, disperse
ἀτάρ (or αὐτάρ): but, yet, consequently
νήχω νήξομαι ἐνηξάμην: to swim
λαῖτμα –ατος τό: the depths of the sea
διατμήγω διατμήξω διέτμηξα/διέτμαγον – – διετμάγην: to cut in twain; to transverse
ὄφρα: while; until; so that; ὄφρα … τόφρα, while … for so long
γαίη –ης ἡ: land, region, district
πελάζω πελάσω ἐπέλασα ––– ––– ἐπελάσθην: (trans.) to bring, carry, conduct (to an indicated place); (intrans.) to draw near, approach
ἄνεμος –ου ὁ: wind
ἐκβαίνω ἐκβήσομαι ἐκέβην ἐκβέβηκα ––– –––: to disembark
βιάω βιώσομαι ἐβίωσα/ἐβίων βεβίωκα βεβίωμαι ἐβιώθην: to constrain
κῦμα –ατος τό: wave
χέρσος –ου ἡ: dry land, land
πέτρη –ης ἡ: rock, cliffs, shelf of rock
ἀτερπής –ές: unpleasing, joyless, melancholy
χῶρος –ου ὁ: place, a piece of ground
ἀναχάζομαι ––– ἀνεχασσάμην: to make to recoil, force back 280
νήχω νήξομαι ἐνηξάμην: to swim
ἐπέρχομαι ἔπειμι ἐπῆλθον ἐπελήλυθα ––– –––: to approach, arrive; to encounter, come up against, attack
τῃ (dat. fem. of ὁ): here, there
εἴδομαι εἴσομαι εἰσάμην: to be visible, appear; to seem; to know, understand
χῶρος –ου ὁ: place, a piece of ground
λεῖος –α –ον: smooth; (of places or terrain) flat, even
πέτρη –ης ἡ: rock, cliffs, shelf of rock
σκέπας –ους τό: a covering, shelter
ἄνεμος –ου ὁ: wind
θυμηγερέων –ον: gathering breath, collecting oneself
ἀμβρόσιος [–α] –ον: immortal, divine; divinely beautiful, excellent
ἀπάνευθε: far, remote; far from, separately from (+ gen.)
Διιπετής –ές: fallen from Zeus
ἐκβαίνω ἐκβήσομαι ἐκέβην ἐκβέβηκα ––– –––: to disembark 285
θάμνος –ου ὁ/ἡ: a bush, shrub
καταδαρθάνω καταδαρθανῶ κατέδαρθον καταδεδάρθηκα – κατεδάρθην: to fall asleep
φύλλον –ου τό: a leaf
ἀφύσσω ἀφύξω ἤφυσα: to draw (liquid from a vessel); (mid.) to gather
ὕπνος –ου ὁ: sleep, sleepiness
ἀπείρων –ον: without experience, ignorant; boundless, countless, inextricable
χέω χέω ἔχεα or ἔχευα κέχυκα κέχυμαι ἐχύθην: to pour, shed