Post annum Caesar Rōmam regressus quārtō sē cōnsulem fēcit et statim ad Hispāniās est profectus, ubi Pompeiī fīliī, Cn. Pompēius et Sextus Pompēius, ingēns bellum praeparāverant. Multa proelia fuērunt, ultimum apud Mundam cīvitātem, in quō adeō Caesar paene victus est, ut fugientibus suīs sē voluerit occīdere, nē post tantam reī mīlitāris glōriam in potestātem adulēscentium nātus annōs sex et quīnquāgintā venīret. Dēnique reparātīs suīs vīcit. Ex Pompeiī fīliīs māior occīsus est, minor fūgit.
notes
Battle of Munda, 45 BCE
Rōmam regressus: Caesar spent the summer of 46 BCE in Rome, held a fourfold triumph, reorganized the calendar and had himself appointed dictator for ten years and elected consul again for 45 BCE (Bird).
Cn. Pompēius: Gnaeus Pompey had gone into Spain and had gathered around him adventurers of all sorts. At first Caesar had sent officers to subdue the revolt, but finding their efforts unsuccessful, he took command in person. After encountering great personal danger, he gained a complete victory. Thirty thousand of the vanquished perished. Gnaeus Pompey escaped from the field, but was afterward overtaken and slain. Sextus, the younger son of Pompey, was the only leader of the original rebellion left (Hazzard).
apud Mundam cīvitātem: see Munda
adeō Caesar paene victus est ut: "so nearly that..." adeō anticipates a result clause (AG 537).
fugientibus suīs: ablative absolute with present active participle (AG 419)
nē ... venīret: “so that he would not come,” "to avoid coming," negative purpose clause (AG 531)
nātus annōs sex et quīnquāgintā: i.e., at the age of fifty-six. nātus, the perfect active participle of the deponent verb nascor, is often used to denote age (LS nascor II.C.c).
reparātīs suīs: "after rallying his troops," ablative absolute with a perfect passive participle (AG 419)
māior occīsus est, minor fūgit: Gnaeus Pompey was killed, but Sextus Pompey escaped.
vocabulary
Core Vocabulary | Numbers | Dates
| Caesar, aris, m. |
a family name in the Julian gens. (1) C. Iūlius Caesar, the famous dictator; (2) Sex. Iūlius Caesar, uncle of the dictator. Consul 91 B.C.; (3) C. Octāviānus, the emperor Augustus |
| regredior, gredī, gressus sum | to step back, retreat, return |
| Hispānia, ae, f. |
Spain (including Portugal). It was divided into two provinces, Hispania Citerior and Ulterior; hence the pl. Hispaniae. |
| Pompēius, ī, m. |
(1) Cn. Pompēius, consul 89 B.C.; (2) Cn. Pompēius, surnamed Magnus, the triumvir, consul 70 B.C.; (3) Cn. Pompēius, son of the triumvir; (4) Q. Pompēius, consul 141 B.C.; (5) Sex. Pompēius, younger son of the triumvir |
| Cn. |
abbreviation of the praenomen Gnaeus |
| Sex. |
an abbreviation of the praenomen Sextus |
| praeparō, āre, āvī, ātus |
to make ready beforehand, provide |
| Munda, ae, f. |
a Roman colony in the south of Spain, where a battle was fought in 45 B.C. between Caesar and the Pompeians |
| mīlitāris, e [mīles], adj. |
military; as subst., a soldier; rēs mīlitāris, the art of war, military operations |
| adulēscēns, entis [adolēscō, to grow up], m. |
young; as substantive, a young man |
| reparō, āre, āvī, ātus | to renew |