"κλῦτέ μευ, ἀμφίπολοι λευκώλενοι, ὄφρα τι εἴπω.

οὐ πάντων ἀέκητι θεῶν, οἳ Ὄλυμπον ἔχουσιν,240

Φαιήκεσσ᾽ ὅδ᾽ ἀνὴρ ἐπιμίσγεται ἀντιθέοισι·

πρόσθεν μὲν γὰρ δή μοι ἀεικέλιος δέατ᾽ εἶναι,

νῦν δὲ θεοῖσιν ἔοικε, τοὶ οὐρανὸν εὐρὺν ἔχουσιν.

αἲ γὰρ ἐμοὶ τοιόσδε πόσις κεκλημένος εἴη

ἐνθάδε ναιετάων, καὶ οἱ ἅδοι αὐτόθι μίμνειν.245

ἀλλὰ δότ᾽, ἀμφίπολοι, ξείνῳ βρῶσίν τε πόσιν τε."

ὣς ἔφαθ᾽, αἱ δ᾽ ἄρα τῆς μάλα μὲν κλύον ἠδ᾽ ἐπίθοντο,

πὰρ δ᾽ ἄρ᾽ Ὀδυσσῆι ἔθεσαν βρῶσίν τε πόσιν τε.

ἦ τοι ὁ πῖνε καὶ ἦσθε πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεὺς

ἁρπαλέως· δηρὸν γὰρ ἐδητύος ἦεν ἄπαστος.250

αὐτὰρ Ναυσικάα λευκώλενος ἄλλ᾽ ἐνόησεν·

εἵματ᾽ ἄρα πτύξασα τίθει καλῆς ἐπ᾽ ἀπήνης,

ζεῦξεν δ᾽ ἡμιόνους κρατερώνυχας, ἂν δ᾽ ἔβη αὐτή,

ὤτρυνεν δ᾽ Ὀδυσῆα, ἔπος τ᾽ ἔφατ᾽ ἔκ τ᾽ ὀνόμαζεν·

"ὄρσεο δὴ νῦν, ξεῖνε, πόλινδ᾽ ἴμεν ὄφρα σε πέμψω255

πατρὸς ἐμοῦ πρὸς δῶμα δαΐφρονος, ἔνθα σέ φημι

πάντων Φαιήκων εἰδησέμεν ὅσσοι ἄριστοι.

ἀλλὰ μάλ᾽ ὧδ᾽ ἔρδειν, δοκέεις δέ μοι οὐκ ἀπινύσσειν·

ὄφρ᾽ ἂν μέν κ᾽ ἀγροὺς ἴομεν καὶ ἔργ᾽ ἀνθρώπων,

τόφρα σὺν ἀμφιπόλοισι μεθ᾽ ἡμιόνους καὶ ἄμαξαν260

καρπαλίμως ἔρχεσθαι· ἐγὼ δ᾽ ὁδὸν ἡγεμονεύσω.

αὐτὰρ ἐπὴν πόλιος ἐπιβήομεν, ἣν πέρι πύργος

ὑψηλός, καλὸς δὲ λιμὴν ἑκάτερθε πόληος,

λεπτὴ δ᾽ εἰσίθμη· νῆες δ᾽ ὁδὸν ἀμφιέλισσαι

εἰρύαται· πᾶσιν γὰρ ἐπίστιόν ἐστιν ἑκάστῳ.265

ἔνθα δέ τέ σφ᾽ ἀγορὴ καλὸν Ποσιδήιον ἀμφίς,

ῥυτοῖσιν λάεσσι κατωρυχέεσσ᾽ ἀραρυῖα.

ἔνθα δὲ νηῶν ὅπλα μελαινάων ἀλέγουσι,

πείσματα καὶ σπεῖρα, καὶ ἀποξύνουσιν ἐρετμά.

οὐ γὰρ Φαιήκεσσι μέλει βιὸς οὐδὲ φαρέτρη,270

ἀλλ᾽ ἱστοὶ καὶ ἐρετμὰ νεῶν καὶ νῆες ἐῖσαι,

ᾗσιν ἀγαλλόμενοι πολιὴν περόωσι θάλασσαν.

τῶν ἀλεείνω φῆμιν ἀδευκέα, μή τις ὀπίσσω

μωμεύῃ· μάλα δ᾽ εἰσὶν ὑπερφίαλοι κατὰ δῆμον·

καί νύ τις ὧδ᾽ εἴπῃσι κακώτερος ἀντιβολήσας·275

"τίς δ᾽ ὅδε Ναυσικάᾳ ἕπεται καλός τε μέγας τε

ξεῖνος; ποῦ δέ μιν εὗρε; πόσις νύ οἱ ἔσσεται αὐτῇ.

ἦ τινά που πλαγχθέντα κομίσσατο ἧς ἀπὸ νηὸς

ἀνδρῶν τηλεδαπῶν, ἐπεὶ οὔ τινες ἐγγύθεν εἰσίν·

ἤ τίς οἱ εὐξαμένῃ πολυάρητος θεὸς ἦλθεν280

οὐρανόθεν καταβάς, ἕξει δέ μιν ἤματα πάντα.

βέλτερον, εἰ καὐτή περ ἐποιχομένη πόσιν εὗρεν

ἄλλοθεν· ἦ γὰρ τούσδε γ᾽ ἀτιμάζει κατὰ δῆμον

Φαίηκας, τοί μιν μνῶνται πολέες τε καὶ ἐσθλοί."

ὣς ἐρέουσιν, ἐμοὶ δέ κ᾽ ὀνείδεα ταῦτα γένοιτο.285

καὶ δ᾽ ἄλλῃ νεμεσῶ, ἥ τις τοιαῦτά γε ῥέζοι,

ἥ τ᾽ ἀέκητι φίλων πατρὸς καὶ μητρὸς ἐόντων,

ἀνδράσι μίσγηται, πρίν γ᾽ ἀμφάδιον γάμον ἐλθεῖν.

    Nausicaa gives Odysseus instructions on how to enter the town and find the palace of her father, King Alcinous.

    The subtle characterization of Nausicaa continues. Athena’s intervention has worked, apparently tapping into the feelings that the goddess stirred in the dream.

    read full essay

    "κλῦτέ μευ, ἀμφίπολοι λευκώλενοι, ὄφρα τι εἴπω.
    οὐ πάντων ἀέκητι θεῶν, οἳ Ὄλυμπον ἔχουσιν,
    Φαιήκεσσ᾽ ὅδ᾽ ἀνὴρ ἐπιμίσγεται ἀντιθέοισι·
    πρόσθεν μὲν γὰρ δή μοι ἀεικέλιος δέατ᾽ εἶναι,
    νῦν δὲ θεοῖσιν ἔοικε, τοὶ οὐρανὸν εὐρὺν ἔχουσιν.
    αἲ γὰρ ἐμοὶ τοιόσδε πόσις κεκλημένος εἴη
    ἐνθάδε ναιετάων, καὶ οἱ ἅδοι αὐτόθι μίμνειν.
    ἀλλὰ δότ᾽, ἀμφίπολοι, ξείνῳ βρῶσίν τε πόσιν τε."

    "Listen, my white-armed servants, that I might say something.
    The gods who hold Olympus are not unwilling for
    this man to mingle with the godlike Phaeacians.
    Before now, he looked to me to be an unsuitable sort,
    but now he seems like one of the gods who rule the heavens.
    If only the man to be called my husband were like this one,
    one living here, if only he would be pleased to remain here.
    But come, my servants, give the stranger some food and drink."

    Odyssey 6.239–46

    The princess signals that she has begun to fantasize about marrying the handsome stranger—note the verb ἐπιμίσγεται (241) with its sexual undercurrent—but is at pains to maintain her dignity before him and her servants, following her wistful projection with some brisk orders for the maids and detailed instructions for the stranger. The picnic is over, and she efficiently packs up the laundry and yokes the horses. This bustling is important to the portrait, as Nausicaa busies herself with chores she might well have assigned to the servants, to divert attention from her growing interest in the stranger.

    Along with more flirting comes further information about the Phaeacians. Though they have had little contact with other mortals since Nausithoos settled them far from the Cyclopes (6.2–8), their town has features that would be familiar to an 8th-century audience: surrounded by walls, set on a peninsula with harbors on both sides, a temple to Poseidon, and an agora. As we might expect, their citizens are expert sailors and shipbuilders. They are not, the princess tells us, interested in bows and quiver—which is to say, war. Alkinous will return to these latter qualities later, when he says that his people are not as good at boxing and wrestling as they are at dancing, warm baths, and elegant clothes (7.246–49). They are a refined civilization, perhaps even a little soft by the standards of heroic culture. Odysseus has entered a society that exists in a fantastic middle zone between Calypso’s timeless cosmos and the ordinary human world of Ithaka, scarred by war and soon to be visited by violence. The poet’s anthropological interest in the varieties of human experience will continue in Books 9–12, as Odysseus tells the story of his adventures with monsters, witches, ghosts, and seductive singers.

    Nausicaa returns to matters at hand, as coy hints and firm instructions follow. First a reassertion of her authority: ἐγὼ δ᾽ ὁδὸν ἡγεμονεύσω, “I will lead the way” (261). The stranger seems “not to be thoughtless,” (258), so perhaps he can follow instructions. She will make sure he meets with the best men of the town, but the danger is that certain uncouth types (ὑπερφίαλοι, 274) might spread malicious gossip:

    καί νύ τις ὧδ᾽ εἴπῃσι κακώτερος ἀντιβολήσας·
    "τίς δ᾽ ὅδε Ναυσικάᾳ ἕπεται καλός τε μέγας τε
    ξεῖνος; ποῦ δέ μιν εὗρε; πόσις νύ οἱ ἔσσεται αὐτῇ.
    ἦ τινά που πλαγχθέντα κομίσσατο ἧς ἀπὸ νηὸς
    ἀνδρῶν τηλεδαπῶν, ἐπεὶ οὔ τινες ἐγγύθεν εἰσίν·
    ἤ τίς οἱ εὐξαμένῃ πολυάρητος θεὸς ἦλθεν280
    οὐρανόθεν καταβάς, ἕξει δέ μιν ἤματα πάντα.
    βέλτερον, εἰ καὐτή περ ἐποιχομένη πόσιν εὗρεν
    ἄλλοθεν· ἦ γὰρ τούσδε γ᾽ ἀτιμάζει κατὰ δῆμον
    Φαίηκας, τοί μιν μνῶνται πολέες τε καὶ ἐσθλοί."
    ὣς ἐρέουσιν, ἐμοὶ δέ κ᾽ ὀνείδεα ταῦτα γένοιτο.
    καὶ δ᾽ ἄλλῃ νεμεσῶ, ἥ τις τοιαῦτά γε ῥέζοι,
    ἥ τ᾽ ἀέκητι φίλων πατρὸς καὶ μητρὸς ἐόντων,
    ἀνδράσι μίσγηται, πρίν γ᾽ ἀμφάδιον γάμον ἐλθεῖν.

    And now one of these inferior types would meet us and say,
    “Who is this big handsome stranger following Nausicaa,
    and where did she find him? Now he’ll be a husband for her.
    She might have saved him when he was thrown off the ship
    of some alien men, since there are none other close by.
    Or maybe a god, much prayed for, came down to her,
    from the heavens and will keep her for all her days.”
    So they will say, and this would be a scandal against me.
    And I would disapprove of any girl who would act that way,
    that is, against the will of her of her father and mother,
    mingling with men before she is properly married.

    Odyssey 6.275–88

    Having veered close to her secret desires—μίσγηται again (288)—Nausicaa preserves her dignity with her prim disapproval of wanton bad girls who would act on the impulses she herself is feeling.

     

    Further Reading

    Rose, G. “The Unfriendly Phaeacians. Transactions of the American Philological Association 100: 387–406.

    Tracy, S. 1990. The Story of the Odyssey. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 42–44.

     

    239  ὄφρα τι εἴπω: purpose clause with aorist subjunctive.

    242  δέατ(ο): "seemed"

    244  αἲ γὰρ … κεκλημένος εἴη: optative of wish, αἲ γὰρ = εἰ γάρ (Smyth 1815). The subject is τοιόσδε, and πόσις is predicative.

    244  κεκλημένος: pf. pass. ptc. > καλέω. 

    244  πόσις: pred. nom. The noun here is “husband,” but the homonym meaning “drink” appears in line 246.

    244  κεκλημένος εἴη: 3rd sing. pf. mid./pass. opt. (Smyth 710) > καλέω.

    245  καὶ οἱ ἅδοι: “and that it might please him …,” a continuation of the optative of wish > ἀνδάνω + dat.

    247  τῆς: “her,” genitive object of κλύον.

    248  πὰρ … ἔθεσαν: “placed … before,” “provided … for …,” tmesis > παρατίθημι.

    251  ἄλλ᾽ ἐνόησεν: “had other plans.”

    253  ἂν … ἔβη: "mounted," "got in," tmesis, 3rd sing. aor. act. indic. > ἀναβαίνω.

    254  ἔπος τ᾽ ἔφατ᾽ ἔκ τ᾽ ὀνόμαζε: according to Cunliffe, a formula “apparently meaning no more than ‘to address’” (lit., “she said a word and called out loud by name”).

    255  ὄρσεο: “rouse yourself,” 2nd sing. aor. mid. imperat. > ὄρνυμι.

    255  ἴμεν: infinitive of purpose > εἶμι.

    255  ὄφρα … πέμψω: purpose clause with aorist subjunctive.

    256  σέ φημι / πάντων Φαιήκων εἰδησέμεν ὅσσοι ἄριστοι: “I say that you will come to know the best of all the Phaeacians” (lit., “I say that you will come to know, of all the Phaeacians, as many as are best”). Indirect discourse with accusative (σέ) and infinitive (εἰδησέμεν: fut. act. infin. > οἶδα). For ὅσος with a partitive genitive in the main clause, see LSJ ὅσος I.2.

    258  ἔρδειν: infin. used as imperat.

    259  ὄφρ᾽ ἂν μέν κ(εν) …: “as long as …,” indefinite temporal clause with subjunctive (Smyth 2399). On the ἄν (Ion.) and κεν (Ael.), see Monro 362 (final paragraph before 363).

    259  ἀγροὺς ἴομεν: “we go along the fields …,” accusative of extent of space (Smyth 1581).

    261  ἔρχεσθαι: infin., used as an imperative.

    262  ἐπὴν: “whenever” (ἐπεί + ἄν), with subjunctive in a general temporal clause.

    262  ἐπιβήομεν: 1st pl. aor. act. subj. > ἐπιβαίνω, with genitive.

    262  ἣν πέρι: “around which (is),” anastrophe. Understand the verb ἐστί.

    264  ὁδὸν: “along the way,” accusative of extent of space (Smyth 1581).

    265  εἰρύαται: “have been drawn up,” 3rd pl. pf. pass. indic. > ἐρύω.

    265  πᾶσιν … ἑκάστῳ: “for all, (one) for each man.”

    266  σφ(ι): dative of possession. Understand ἐστί.

    266  Ποσιδήιον ἀμφίς: “around the temple of Poseidon.” The preposition ἀμφίς usually follows the noun it modifies.

    267  κατωρυχέεσσ(ι): “set firmly in the earth” (Autenrieth).

    267  ἀραρυῖα: nom. fem. sing. pf. act. ptc. > ἀραρίσκω, agreeing with ἀγορή.

    270  βιὸς: “bow,” (not βίος).

    271  ἐῖσαι: "balanced" > ἴσος.

    272  ᾗσιν ἀγαλλόμενοι: “rejoicing in which”

    273  μή τις … / μωμεύῃ: negative purpose clause, introduced by ἀλεείνω (“I avoid …, so that no one …”). The clause could also be read as a clause of fearing introduced by ἀλεείνω (“I avoid … [fearing] that ….”).

    273  μωμεύῃ: 3rd sing. pres. act. subj. > μωμεύω (see μωμάομαι), in a purpose clause . 

    275  εἴπῃσι: “will say,” 3rd sing. aor. act. subj. > εἶπον. For the use of the subjunctive, see Monro 275b.

    276 τίς δ᾽ ὅδε: “who is this … (who) ...?”

    276  Ναυσικάᾳ: dat. with ἕπεται.

    277  οἱ … αὐτῇ: “her own,” dative of possession.

    278  ἦ … που: “indeed, I suspect, …” (Smyth 2865).

    278  τινά … πλαγχθέντα: “some wanderer” (lit., “someone having wandered”).

    278  κομίσσατο: “brought back,” unaugmented 3rd sing. aor. mid. indic. > κομίζω.

    279  ἀνδρῶν τηλεδαπῶν: partitive genitive with τινά.

    280  οἱ εὐξαμένῃ: “to her when she prayed,” “in answer to her prayers” (lit., “to her having prayed”), dative of advantage (Smyth 1485).

    281  ἕξει δέ μιν: “and he will have her as a wife” (LSJ ἔχω A.I.4).

    281  ἤματα πάντα: “all his days,” accusative of extent of time.

    282  εἰ καὐτή: “even if she herself,” = εἰ καὶ αὐτή (Smyth 2378).

    285  κ᾽ ὀνείδεα ταῦτα γένοιτο: potential optative. The verb is singular with a neuter plural subject (ταῦτα). ὀνείδεα is pred.

    286  νεμεσῶ: “I feel righteous indignation at,” with dative.

    286  ἥ τις … ῥέζοι: “whoever would do …,” future less vivid conditional relative clause.

    287  φίλων πατρὸς καὶ μητρὸς ἐόντων: “of dear ones, father and mother, being still alive” (Stanford), taking πατρὸς καὶ μητρὸς in apposition to φίλων.

    288  μίσγηται: the mood shifts from less vivid optative (ῥέζοι) to more vivid subjunctive.

    κλύω ––– κέκλυκα ––– ––– –––: to hear, listen to; to have a reputation, be judged or considered

    ἀμφίπολος –ου ἡ: female attendant, handmaid

    λευκώλενος –ον: white-armed

    ὄφρα: while; until; so that; ὄφρα … τόφρα, while … for so long

    ἀέκητι: against the will of  240

    Ὄλυμπος –ου ὁ: Mount Olympus

    Φαίαξ –ακος ὁ: a Phaeacian

    ἐπιμειγνύω/ἐπιμείγνυμι/ἐπιμίσγω ἐπιμείξω ἐπέμειξα ἐπιμέμειχα ἐπιμέμειγμαι ἐπεμείχθην: to mingle with 

    ἀντίθεος –η –ον: godlike

    πρόσθεν: before, in front of

    ἀεικέλιος [–α] –ον: woeful, ill-favored, disgraceful

    δέατο: seemed

    εὐρύς –εῖα –ύ: broad

    πόσις –ιος/–εως ὁ: husband, spouse, mate

    ἐνθάδε: to here, to there 245

    ναιετάω νάσσομαι ἐνασσάμην ––– νένασμαι ἐνάσθην: to dwell

    οὗ, οἷ, ἕ and encl. οὑ, οἱ, ἑ: him, her, it; himself, herself, itself

    ἁνδάνω ἁδήσω ἅδον/ἕαδον ἅδηκα/ἕαδα: to please, delight, gratify

    αὐτόθι: on the spot, right there

    μίμνω ––– ––– ––– ––– –––: to remain, wait

    ἀμφίπολος –ου ἡ: female attendant, handmaid

    βρῶσις –εως ἡ: food

    πόσις –ιος/–εως ἡ: drink

    ἄρα: now, then, next, thus

    κλύω ––– κέκλυκα ––– ––– –––: to hear, listen to; to have a reputation, be judged or considered

    ἠδέ: and

    τοι: let me tell you, surely

    ἔσθω φαγήσω/ἔδομαι ἔφαγον ἐδήδοκα ἐδήδεμαι/ἐδήδεσμαι ἠδέσθην: to eat

    πολύτλας –αντος: having borne much, much-enduring

    δῖος –α –ον: divine, godlike, shining

    ἁρπαλέος -α -ον: greedily 250

    δηρόν: long, for a long time

    ἐδητύς –ύος ἡ: meat, food

    ἄπαστος –ον: not having eaten, fasting

    ἀτάρ (or αὐτάρ): but, yet, consequently

    Ναυσικάα –ας ἡ: Nausicaa, the Phaeacian princess, daughter of Alcinous and Arēte

    λευκώλενος –ον: white-armed

    νοέω νοοῦμαι ––– ––– ––– –––: perceive, observe, think

    εἷμα –ατος τό: clothing

    ἄρα: now, then, next, thus

    πτύσσω πτύξω ἔπτυξα – ἔπτυγμαι ἐπτύχθην: to fold

    ἀπήνη –ης ἡ: a four-wheeled wagon

    ζεύγνυμι ζεύξω ἔζευξα ἔζευγμαι ἐζεύχθην/ἐζύγην: to yoke, put to

    ἠμίονος –ου ὁ: mule

    κρατερῶνυξ –υχος: strong-hoofed, solid-hoofed, with strong claws

    ὀτρύνω ὀτρυνῶ ὤτρυνα ––– ––– –––: to urge on

    ὄρνυμι ὄρσω ὦρσα ὄρωρα ὀρώρεμαι –––: to stir up, move; (mid.) to rise, get up 255

    πόλινδε: into or to the city

    ὄφρα: while; until; so that; ὄφρα … τόφρα, while … for so long

    δῶμα –ατος τό: house (often in plural)

    δαίφρων –ον: wise

    Φαίαξ –ακος ὁ: a Phaeacian

    εἴδω/ὀράω ὄψομαι εἶδον ἑόρακα ἑώρακα/ὄπωπα ἑόραμαι/ἑώραμαι/ὦμμαι ὤφθην: see

    ἔρδω ἔρξω ἔρξα ἔοργα ––– –––: to do

    ἀπινύσσω – – – – –: to lack understanding, be senseless

    ὄφρα: while; until; so that; ὄφρα … τόφρα, while … for so long

    ἀγρός –οῦ ὁ: field, arable land

    τόφρα: at that very moment, so long; tόφρα … ὄφρα, as long as … until 260

    ἀμφίπολος –ου ἡ: female attendant, handmaid

    ἠμίονος –ου ὁ: mule

    ἄμαξα –ης ἡ: wagon, cart

    καρπάλιμος –ον: swift

    ἡγεμονεύω ἡγεμονεύσω ἡγεμόνευσα: to lead, guide, conduct

    ἀτάρ (or αὐτάρ): but, yet, consequently

    ἐπήν = ἐπεὶ ἄν: when, after

    ἐπιβαίνω ἐπιβήσομαι ἐπέβην ἐπιβέβηκα ––– –––: step up to (+gen.)

    πύργος –ου ὁ: tower; wall with towers

    ὑψηλός –ή –όν: high, lofty, high-hearted

    λιμήν –ένος ὁ: harbor

    ἑκάτερθε: on each side, on either hand

    λεπτός –ή –όν: thin

    εἰσίθμη –ης ἡ: an entrance

    ἀμφιέλισσα (fem. only): curved on both sides, concave (of ships)

    εἰρύω/ἐρύω ἐρύσω/ἐρύω εἴρυσα/ἔρυσα/ἔρυσσα εἴρυσα/ἔρυσα/ἔρυσσα –– –– εἰρύσθην: to pull, draw, drag; to guard, protect 265

    ἐπίστιον –ου τό: boat-slip, boat house

    σφεῖς: they

    ἀγορή –ῆς ἡ: market place, assembly

    Ποσιδήϊον, τό: temple of Poseidon (Ion. for Ποσῐδεῖον)

    ἀμφίς: on both sides; apart, asunder

    ῥυτός –ή –όν: quarried

    λᾶας –ου ὁ: stone

    κατῶρυξ –ῦχος: dug in, firmly set in the earth (stones)

    ἀραρίσκω/ἄρω ἄρσω ἦρσα ἄραρα/ἄρηρα ἀρήρεμαι ἤρθην: fit on or together, join, fit with

    μέλας μέλαινα μέλαν: black, dark, obscure

    ἀλέγω – – – – –: to trouble oneself, have a care

    πεῖσμα –ατος τό: a ship's cable, cable, rope

    σπεῖρον –ου τό: piece of cloth; the sail

    ἀποξύνω ἀποξυνῶ ἀπώξυνα ἀπώξυγκα ἀπώξυμμαι ἀπωξύνθην: to bring to a point, make taper

    ἐρετμόν –οῦ τό: oar

    Φαίαξ –ακος ὁ: a Phaeacian 270

    μέλω μέλησω ἐμέλησα μεμέληκα ––– –––: be an object of care or interest

    βιός –οῦ ὁ: a bow

    φαρέτρα –ας ἡ: a quiver

    ἱστός –οῦ ὁ: mast, beam; loom

    ἐρετμόν –οῦ τό: oar

    ἀγάλλω ἀγαλῶ ἤγηλα: to make glorious, glorify, exalt

    πολιός –ή –όν: white

    περάω περάσω (or περῶ) ἐπέρασα πεπέρακα ––– –––: to cross, go across; to penetrate

    ἀλεείνω – – – – : to avoid, shun

    φῆμις –ιος ἡ: speech, talk

    ἀδευκής –ές: not sweet, bitter, cruel

    ὀπίσω or ὀπίσσω: backwards, behind; in the future

    μωμεύω/μωμάομαι μωμήσομαι ἐμωμησάμην: censure, reproach

    ὑπερφίαλος –ον: mighty, very strong; arrogant, haughty

    ἀντιβολέω ἀντιβολήσω ἠντεβόλησα ––– ––– ἠντεβολήθην: to meet by chance, encounter 275

    Ναυσικάα –ας ἡ: Nausicaa, the Phaeacian princess, daughter of Alcinous and Arēte

    μιν: (accusative singular third person pronoun) him, her, it; himself, herself, itself

    πόσις –ιος/–εως ὁ: husband, spouse, mate

    οὗ, οἷ, ἕ and encl. οὑ, οἱ, ἑ: him, her, it; himself, herself, itself 280

    πλάζω πλάγξομαι ἔπλαγξα ––– ––– ἐπλάγχθην: to make to wander

    ἑός ἑή ἑόν: his, her, own

    τηλεδαπός: from a far country

    ἐγγύθεν: close, nearby, alongside

    οὗ, οἷ, ἕ and encl. οὑ, οἱ, ἑ: him, her, it; himself, herself, itself

    εὔχομαι εὔξομαι ηὐξάμην ηὖγμαι: to pray; to make a vow, promise; to declare, affirm; to glory in, boast of (for good reason)

    πολυάρητος –ον: much-desired

    οὐρανόθεν: from heaven, down from heaven

    καταβαίνω καταβήσομαι κατέβην καταβέβηκα ––– –––: step down, go down

    μιν: (accusative singular third person pronoun) him, her, it; himself, herself, itself

    ἦμαρ –ατος τό: day

    βέλτερος –α –ον: better, more excellent

    ἐποίχομαι ἐποιχήσομαι ἐπῴχημαι: to go towards, approach; to ply (the loom)

    πόσις –ιος/–εως ὁ: husband, spouse, mate

    ἄλλοθεν: from elsewhere

    ἀτιμάζω ἀτιμάσω ἠτίμασα ἠτίμακα ἠτίμασμαι ἠτιμάσθην: to fail to honor, dishonor

    Φαίαξ –ακος ὁ: a Phaeacian

    μιν: (accusative singular third person pronoun) him, her, it; himself, herself, itself

    μνάομαι (Ion. μνῶμαι) μέμνημαι μεμνήσομαι ἐμνήσθην: be mindful of; woo

    ἐσθλός –ή –όν: good

    ἐρῶ εἴρηκα ἐρρήθην: to say, tell, speak 285

    ὄνειδος –ους τό: reproach, censure, blame

    νεμεσάω νεμεσήσω ἐνεμέσησα: to be righteously indignant with (+dat.)

    ῥέζω ῥέξω ἔρρεξα – – ἐρρέχθην: to do, accomplish; to offer (sacrifice)

    ἀέκητι: against the will of (+gen.)

    ἀμφάδιος -α -ον: public

    γάμος -ου ὁ: marriage, wedding 

    φίλος –η –ον: friend; loved, beloved, dear

    ἀμφάδιος –α –ον: public

    γάμος –ου ὁ: marriage, wedding

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    Suggested Citation

    Thomas Van Nortwick and Rob Hardy, Homer: Odyssey 5–12. Carlisle, Pennsylvania: Dickinson College Commentaries, 2024. ISBN: 978-1-947822-17-7 https://dcc.dickinson.edu/homer-odyssey/vi-239-288