First Aorist Active Participle

38.1 The pattern to form the FIRST AORIST ACTIVE participle is:

• verb stem + σα + ντ + 3-1-3 adjective endings

Predictable sound changes yield the following endings for the nominative singular of first aorist active participles:

• Masculine: (-σαντς→-σανς→) –σας
• Feminine: (-σαντσα→-σανσα→) –σασα
• Neuter: (-σαντ→) –σαν

In other words, to form the first aorist active participle, add the inflected athematic endings of ς, σα, ν to the aorist stem (i.e. verb stem + σα). As with present active participles:

A σ is added before the 1st declension endings for the FEMININE

1st declension endings for the FEMININE are ᾰ in the nominative and accusative singular.

The persistent accent is on the LAST VOWEL SOUND of the VERB STEM.

Finally, remember that only past tense INDICATIVE verbs receive an AUGMENT. Participles, like infinitives, receive no augment.

38.2

(S 306, cf. G 252)

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Note the similarities between the first aorist active participle and the adjective πᾶς πᾶσα πᾶν.