Ode 1

As Fitch argues (p. 163) this first ode is “indispensable for our understanding of the play. It establishes a standard of normality in the conduct of human life, and indicates that by that standard Hercules is condemned.” This normality is established in the first half of the ode, as the Chorus describes the human and animal inhabitants of the countryside rising with the dawn to go about their day. This humble country life is contrasted with stereotypical ambitions of city dwellers, and especially those who do not know how to enjoy the present moment.

125-136

Chorus

Iam rāra micant125

sīdera prōnō languida mundō;125bis

nox vīcta vagōs contrahit ignēs

lūce renātā;

cōgit nitidum Phōsphoros agmen;

signum celsī glaciāle polī

septem stēllīs Arcados Ursa130

109-124

Iūno, cūr nōndum furis?

mē mē, sorōrēs, mente dēiectam meā110

versāte prīmam, facere sī quicquam apparō

dignum novercā. vōta mūtentur mea:

nātōs reversus videat incolumēs pater

manūque fortis redeat. invēnī diem,

invīsa quō nōs Herculis virtūs iuvet.115

100-109

Incipite, famulae Dītis, ārdentem citae100

concutite pīnum, et agmen horrendum anguibus

Megaera dūcat atque lūctificā manū

vastam rogō flagrante corripiat trabem.

hōc agite, poenās petite vitiātae Stygis.

concutite pectus, ācrior mentem excoquat105

quam quī camīnīs ignis Aetnaeīs furit;

84-99

Sed vīcit ista. quaeris Alcīdae parem?

nēmō est nisi ipse; bella iam sēcum gerat.85

Adsint ab īmō Tartarī fundō excitae

Eumenides, ignem flammeae spargant comae,

vīperea saevae verbera incutiant manūs.

ī nunc, superbe, caelitum sēdēs pete,

hūmāna temne! iam Styga et mānēs ferōs90

63-74

Levia sed nimium queror:

caelō timendum est, rēgna nē summa occupet

quī vīcit īma: scēptra praeripiet patrī!65

nec in astra lentā veniet ut Bacchus viā:

iter ruīnā quaeret et vacuō volet

rēgnāre mundō. rōbore expertō tumet,

et posse caelum vīribus vincī suīs

75-83

Perge, īra, perge et magna meditantem opprime,75

congredere, manibus ipsa dīlacerā tuīs;

quid tanta mandās odia? discēdant ferae,

ipse imperandō fessus Eurystheus vacet.

Tītānas ausōs rumpere imperium Iovis

ēmitte, Siculī verticis laxā specum,80

tellūs Gigante Dōris excussō tremēns

46-63

Nec satis terrae patent:

effrēgit ecce līmen īnfernī Iovis

et opīma vīctī rēgis ad superōs refert.48

vīdī ipsa, vīdī nocte discussā īnferūm50

et Dīte domitō spolia iactantem patrī

frāterna. cūr nōn vīnctum et oppressum trahit

ipsum catēnīs paria sortītum Iovī

30-45

Quae bella? quidquid horridum tellūs creat30

inimīca, quidquid pontus aut āēr tulit

terribile dīrum pestilēns ātrōx ferum,

frāctum atque domitum est. superat et crēscit malīs

īrāque nostrā fruitur; in laudēs suās

mea vertit odia; dum nimis saeva imperō,35

19-29

Sed sēro querimur; ūna mē dīra ac fera

Thēbāna tellūs mātribus sparsa impiīs20

quotiēns novercam fēcit! ēscendat licet

meumque uictrīx teneat Alcmēnē locum,

pariterque nātus astra prōmissa occupet,

in cuius ortūs mundus impendit diem

tardusque Eōō Phoebus effulsit marī25