Chapter 4.29

The storm and the tide wreck Ceasar's fleet.

eadem nocte: According to astronomical calculation, this was on the night of August 30th, 55 BC (Harkness). The moon was full at 3:00 a.m. (Allen & Greenough)

qui dies: 'which period' (Harkness)

aestus maximos: the "spring" tide. The average rise and fall of the tide at Deal is said to be 16 ft. This tide, helped by the wind, rose much higher (Walker). The tides in the English channel are notably high, as much as twenty feet, while the rise off the coast of Italy is only a few inches. (Towle & Jenks)

nostris...incognitum: the Romans were best acquainted with the Mediterranean, where the tides rise only a few inches. Yet they had some experience with the tides in the war with the Veneti (Walker).

adflictabat: 'dashed about' (Allen & Judson)

quae...deligatae: 'which were riding at anchor' The transports were heavier than the war-ships, and Caesar had not thought it worth the effort to beach them. (Walker)

facultas: 'opportunity (to do a thing)' (Allen & Greenough).

funibus…amissis: ‘on account of the loss of…’ (Kelsey)(A&G 420)

magna: with perturbatio (Kelsey)

id quod necesse erat: ‘as was bound to happen’ (Kelsey). ‘a thing which could not but happen.’ ‘Id’ is generally prefixed to the relative when a sentence is the antecedent, for the purpose of summing it up in one word, and clearing it to view. (Moberly) (A&G 307.d)

perturbatio: ‘commotion’ (Kelsey)

exercitus: here, as often, used of the infantry in contradistinction to the cavalry (Rice Holmes).

quibus...possent: a clause of characteristic (Walker)(A&G 535.a).

omnia quae erant usui: 'all the things which were needed' (Walker); usui: dat. of purpose (A&G 382).

quod...constabat: 'because it was manifest to all' (Harkness).

hiemare opportere: 'that they must pass the winter' (Walker)

in hiemem: 'for the winter' (Walker)