Translate the following sentences, making use of the notes on the right as needed.
1. The Titan Prometheus has been bound to a cliff face in the Caucasus mountains on the orders of Zeus, king of the Olympian gods. Once he is bound, Prometheus sings about his suffering, but then suddenly stops and says:
καίτοι τί φημι;
Aeschylus Prometheus Bound 101
2. A chorus of the daughters of the god of the Ocean come to visit Prometheus and learn of his punishment. When Prometheus explains that his punishment can end only when Zeus wills it so, the chorus asks in despair:
τίς ἐλπίς [ἐστιν];
Aeschylus Prometheus Bound 259
3. During the Trojan War, the great Greek warrior Ajax becomes embroiled in a controversy and eventually commits suicide. His wife (and former prisoner of war) says of his enemies:
Αἴας γὰρ αὐτοῖς οὐκέτ’ ἐστίν…
Sophocles Ajax 972
4. Ajax’s half-brother, Teucer, defends the fallen warrior’s reputation, which angers the general of the Greek forces, Agamemnon. Here Agamemnon sarcastically quotes Teucer to his face:
ἀλλ’ αὐτὸς ἄρχων, ὡς σὺ φῄς, Αἴας ἔπλει.
Sophocles Ajax 1234
5. After the Trojan War, Agamemnon returns home and is murdered by his wife, Clytemnestra (in retaliation for Agamemnon murdering their daughter Iphigenia before the war). Two of their other children, sister Electra and brother Orestes, later meet and conspire to take vengeance on their own mother. In preparation, Electra sings in part:
δαιμόνιον αὐτὸ τίθημ’ ἐγώ.
Sophocles Electra 1269-70
6. After Electra and Orestes kill their mother, Orestes falls ill and hallucinates. At one point, his uncle Menelaus (Agamemnon’s brother) visits and asks:
τίς σε ἀπόλλυσιν νόσος;
Euripides Orestes 395
7. Ion is a young man who has been raised as an orphan at a temple, ever since he was left there as an infant. Now the priestess of the temple is giving Ion the cradle in which he was found, so that he can search for his parents:
ὦ παῖ, καὶ τάδ’ ἀποδίδωμί σοι.
Euripides Ion 1358
8. Another famous orphan was Oedipus. In this scene, he is trying to discover who his birth parents were. He has found the shepherd who originally took the baby Oedipus from his original parents. At one point the shepherd says that the queen of the city (who is also Oedipus’ wife) knows the origin of the baby Oedipus. Oedipus then asks:
ἦ γὰρ δίδωσιν ἥδε σοι;
Sophocles Oedipus Tyrannos 1173
9. Later, Oedipus, old, blind, and in exile, comes to the Athenian suburb of Colonus, along with his daughter Antigone, where his other daughter, Ismene, joins them. Then Antigone tells Oedipus that Polynices (their brother/son/uncle) has just arrived.
…πάρεστι δεῦρο Πολυνείκης ὅδε.
Polynices enters and says:
οἴμοι, …
Sophocles Oedipus at Colonus 1253
10. As he prepares to invade Thebes and attack his brother, Polynices responds to his mother’s request that the brothers meet and try one last time to settle their differences. He says:
μῆτερ, πάρειμι …
Euripides Phoenician Women 446
11. In Euripides’ satyrical version of Odysseus’ encounter with the Cyclops (originally from Odyssey book 9), Silenus takes the bowl of wine and the Cyclops asks:
ἰδού. τί δῆτα τὸν κρατῆρ’ ὄπισθ’ ἐμοῦ τίθης;
Euripides Cyclops 545
12. In an alternate (lost) version of Aristophanes’ Peace, the goddess of farming plays a role. She appears and says that she is closely related to Peace, at which point someone asks her:
σοὶ δ’ ὄνομα δὴ τί ἐστιν;
to which the goddess responds:
ὅ τι; Γεωργία.
Aristophanes Peace fr. 305
13. In another comedy, the tragedian Euripides is in trouble with the women of Athens for his unflattering portrayal of them on stage. He sends one of his in-laws to spy on the women, but he ends up captured. Euripides later comes in disguise to rescue his kinsman from a guard:
Archer guard:
ὄνομα δέ σοι τί ἐστιν;
Euripides:
Ἀρτεμισία.
Aristophanes Thesmophoriazusae 1200
14. The historian Thucydides counts the ships lost in a naval battle:
αὐτοὶ δὲ πέντε καὶ δέκα ναῦς ἀπολλύασιν.
Thucydides 8.106.4
15. The intellectual and teacher Isocrates is listing things that people do in order to better themselves and receive a superior education at Athens:
ἀλλὰ δῆλον ὅτι καὶ πλέουσι καὶ χρήματα διδόασιν καὶ πάντα ποιοῦσιν.
Isocrates 15.226
16. Here Socrates is trying to determine the nature and origin of words:
τίς παραδίδωσιν ἡμῖν τὰ ὀνόματα οἷς χρώμεθα;
Plato Cratylus 388d
