CORE VOCABULARY
dictum, ī, n.: a thing said; word, 1.197; command, precept, injunction, 1.695; promise, 8.643. (dīcō)
ōrdior, ōrsus sum, 4, dep. a. and n.: to weave, spin; to begin; begin to speak; begin, 1.325.
serō, sēvī, satus, 3, a.: to sow or plant; with indefinite object omitted, 6.844; scatter, spread, disseminate, 12.228.
Trōs, ōis, m.: Trojan, 6.52, et al. (Tros, one of the kings of Troy)
Anchīsiadēs, ae, m.: son of Anchises; Aeneas, 5.407.
dēscēnsus, ūs, m.: a going down; descent, 6.126. (dēscendō)
Avernus, ī, m.: Avernus, a lake near Naples, between Baiae and Cumae, in Campania, now Lago d’ Averno. Near it was one of the entrances to Hades; hence, the lower world, Avernus, 6.126; portus Avernī, the harbor of Cumae, near Avernus, 5.813. (ἄορνος, birdless)
āter, tra, trum: (adj.), black; dark, gloomy, 1.60, et al.; smoky, lurid, 7.456; 4.384; clotted, dark, 3.622; soiled, blackened, 2.272; (fig.), sad, fatal, 6.429; venomous, deadly; of the odor of smoke, 12.591.
iānua, ae, f.: the outer door or gate, 2.493; entrance, way, 2.661. (Iānus)
Dīs, ītis, m.: Pluto, the ruler of Hades, 4.702, et al.
ēvādō, vāsī, vāsus, 3, n. and a.: to go out, forth, or up; ascend, 2.458; come in flight, 2.531; come forth from, w. the idea of danger surmounted; (w. acc.), to escape the dangers of, 2.731; escape, 5.689; 6.425; w. dat., 11.702; 9.99.
Iuppiter, Iovis, m.: Jupiter, son of Saturn and Rhea, and king of the gods, 1.223; Iuppiter Stygius, Pluto, 4.638.
ārdēns, entis: burning, hot, sparkling, flaming, 5.637; bright, 4.482; impassioned, ardent, eager, 1.423; spirited, fiery, 1.472; glowing, lofty, 6.130; fierce, furious, 2.529; angry, 6.467. (ardeo)
ēvehō, vexī, vectus, 3, a.: to carry forth; carry up, raise, elevate, 6.130.
possum, potuī, posse, irreg. n.: to be able; can, 1.242, et al.; to avail, have influence, power, 4.382. (potis and sum)
medium, iī, n.: medium, iī, n., the middle, midst, 2.218; the intervening space, 6.131; ad medium, in the middle of the body, 12.273; in medium, into the midst, in public; before them, 5.401; for the common weal, 11.335.
Cōcȳtus, ī, m.: the Cocytus, “the river of lamentation,” in the lower world, 6.132.
lābor, lapsus sum, 3, dep. n.: to slide, glide down, or slip, freq.; fall down, 2.465; ebb, 11.628; pass away, 2.14; descend, 2.262; glide, sail, skim along, 8.91; flow, 3.281; fall, perish, 2.430; decline, 4.318; faint, 3.309.
circumveniō, vēnī, ventus, 4, a.: to come about; surround, 6.132.
quod: (conj.), as to which thing; in that, that, indeed that, because; but, moreover, however, freq.; quod sī, but if, indeed if, if however, 6.133.
bis: (adv.), twice, 1.381. (in composition bi-)
Stygius, a, um: adj. (Styx), pertaining to the Styx; of Hades; Stygian, 4.638, et al.
innō, āvī, ātus, 1, n. and a.: to swim upon or over, 8.691; swim, 10.222; (w. acc.), sail over, 6.134; swim, pass by swimming.
lacus, ūs, m.: a lake, pool, source, 8.74; fen, 2.135.
Tartarus, ī, m., pl., Tartara, ōrum, n.: the lower world, Hades; especially that portion which was set apart for the wicked; Tartarus, 5.734, et al.
īnsānus, a, um: (adj.), unsound; mad, insane, 6.135; inspired, 3.443.
indulgeō, dulsī, dultus, 2, n.: to be indulgent, kind, yielding, give way to, 2.776; yield to, indulge in, 4.51; favor, 8.512.
peragō, ēgī, āctus, 3, a.: to drive through; carry through; execute, achieve, accomplish, finish, perform, 4.653; pursue, 6.384; fulfill, achieve, 3.493; go through with, distribute, 5.362; go through mentally, 6.105.
opācus, a, um: (adj.), shady, 6.283; obscure, dark, 3.619; subst., opāca, ōrum, n., partitive; opāca viārum, dark pathways, roads, 6.633.
folium, iī, n.: a leaf, 1.175.
lentus, a, um: (adj.), adhesive, clammy, sticky, viscid; tough, 12.773; pliant, limber, 6.137; ductile, malleable, 7.634; slender, 3.31; 12.489; sluggish, creeping, 5.682; quiet, 7.28; inactive, 12.237.
vīmen, inis, n.: a flexible twig; osier, sprout, shoot, sprig, stem, 3.31.
rāmus, ī, m.: a branch, bough, 4.485, et al.; limb, 8.318; wreath, 5.71.
Iūnō, ōnis, f.: Juno, the Sabine and Roman name for the wife and sister of Jupiter, daughter of Saturn, 1.4, et al.; Iūnō īnferna, the Juno of the lower world, Proserpine, 6.138.
īnfernus, a, um: adj. (īnferus), that which is below; of Hades, infernal, 3.386.
lūcus, ī, m.: a consecrated wood; sacred grove, 6.259, et al.; in general, a grove, wood, forest.
obscūrus, a, um: (adj.), dim, dark, dusky, obscure, 1.411; uncertain; of persons, unseen, 2.135; in the darkness, 6.268; pl., obscūra, ōrum, dim places; obscurity, uncertainty, 6.100.
convallis, is, f.: a valley completely inclosed by hills; a valley, vale, 6.139.
opertum, ī: a covered or secret place; partitive, operta tellūris, hidden, unseen regions of the earth, 6.140. (operiō)
subeō, iī, itus (p. subiēns, euntis), 4, n. and a.: to go or come under, into, or up to; alone, or with acc. and prep., or with dat.; without a case, come up, 2.216; go under, bend, stoop down under, 10.522; come after; follow, 2.725; take one's place, 12.471; enter, 1.171; come into or upon the mind, suggest itself, occur, 2.560; with acc. and prep., go, advance towards, 8.359; with dat., come or go up to, down to, into, 5.203; succeed to, 5.176; come after, follow, 10.371; with acc., approach, enter, 1.400; go under a burden, bear, with abl. of instrument, 2.708; go under the yoke, draw, 3.113; enter the mind of, strike, occur to, 9.757; approach, reach, 3.512; approach, 7.22; meet, encounter, 10.798; attack, 9.344.
auricomus, a, um: adj. (aurum and coma), golden-haired; (fig.), golden-leaved, or with golden sprays, 6.141.
quis, qua or quae, quid or quod: (indef. pron., adj., and subst.), any, some, 2.94, et al.; some one, any one, any body, anything, something, 1.413, et al.; sī quis, nē quis, etc., if any, lest any, etc., freq.; (adv.), quid, as to anything, in anything, at all, freq.; sī quid, if at all, freq.
dēcerpō, sī, tus, 3, a.: to pluck off; crop, pluck, 6.141. (dē and carpō)
fētus, ūs, m.: a bearing or breeding; the young; the new swarm, 1.432; litter, 3.391; of vegetable products, growth, sprig, shoot, 6.207; fruit; product.
Prōserpina, ae, f.: Proserpina, daughter of Jupiter and Ceres, carried away by Pluto from Enna in Sicily, and made queen of Hades, 4.698, et al.
īnstituō, uī, ūtus, 3, a.: to fix in a place; put down, plant, step with, 7.690; found, inaugurate, 6.70; w. inf., ordain, 6.143; prepare, begin, 7.109; teach. (1. in and statuō)
āvellō, vellī or vulsī, vulsus, 3, a.: to pluck, or tear off, or away from, with acc. and abl., take away, steal, 2.165; to force away, 11.201; p., avulsus, a, um, torn from, 2.608; torn, rent, 3.575.
frondēscō, fronduī, 3, inc. n.: to put forth leaves, 6.144. (frondeō)
virga, ae, f.: a twig, bough, branch, 6.144; a wand (the caduceus of Mercury), 4.242. (vireō)
metallum, ī, n.: a mine; metal, 6.144.
altē: (adv.), aloft, on high; high, 1.337; high up; deeply, deep; comp., altius, higher. (altus)
vestīgō, 1, a.: to track; trace, explore, search; seek out, hunt, 12.467; 6.145; descry, 12.588.
rīte: (adv.), properly, fitly, rightly, 6.145; justly, meetly, 3.36; well, 3.107. (rītus)
carpo, carpsī, carptus, 3, a.: to pluck or pull, crop, browse upon, eat, graze; cause to graze, pasture; gather, 6.146; (fig.), catch, breathe, enjoy, 1.388; consume, 4.2; devour, waste, 4.32; carpere prāta, etc., to course over.
manus, ūs, f.: the hand, 1.487; freq.; (meton.), action, movement of the hand; work, art, handiwork, 3.486; prowess, heroic deed, action, 2.434; force, violence, 2.645; a collection of persons; a band, crew, troop; an army, 2.29; forces, 5.623; multitude, 6.660; pl., manūs, workmen, 11.329; dare manūs, to yield, 11.558; extrēma manus, the finishing hand or touch, 7.572.
volēns, entis: willing, ready, unresisting, spontaneously, 6.146.
nec or neque: (adv. and conj.), and not; neither, nor, 1.643, et al.; in prohibition, 3.394, et al.; neque (nec) — neque (nec), neither — nor, 5.21, et al.; nec — et, or -que, may be rendered neither — nor, 12.801; 2.534; nec nōn, and also, nor less, 6.183; nec nōn et, and also, 1.707.
convellō, vellī, vulsus, 3, a.: to pull violently; pluck, tear, pull up, 3.24; wrench forth, 12.774; cut off, 6.148; p., convulsus, a, um, rent, shattered, 1.383; convulsed, 5.143.
exanimis, e, and exanimus, a, um: adj. (ex and anima), breathless; lifeless, dead, 1.484; slain, 11.110; breathless with fear, terrified, 4.672.
heu: (interj.), alas! ah! oh! 2.289, et al.
incestō, āvī, ātus, 1, a.: to defile, pollute, 6.150. (incestus, unclean)
cōnsultum, ī, n.: a thing deliberated upon; a decree; response, oracle, 6.151; deliberation, 11.410. (cōnsulō)
pendeō, pependī, 2, n.: to hang, foll. by abl. alone or w. prep., 2.546, et al.; 5.511; be suspended, 1.106; cling, 9.562; bend, stoop forward, 5.147; (meton.), linger, delay, 6.151; listen, hang upon, 4.79.
pecus, udis, f.: one animal of a flock or herd; an animal, 1.743; a sheep, 3.120; victim for sacrifices, 4.63.
piāculum, i, n.: an expiation; expiatory, sacrifice, offering, 4.636; purifying sacrifice; lustration, 6.153; (meton.), that which requires such expiation; sin, crime, 6.569. (piō)
dēmum: (adv.), at length, at last, 1.629; at least, indeed, especially. (dē with n. superl. ending -mum, hence, perhaps meaning downmost)
Styx, Stygis, f.: the Styx, the river of Hades which encompassed the final abode of the dead, 6.439, et al. ("the hateful")
invius, a, um: without a way; trackless, inaccessible, impassable, 1.537; difficult, 3.383.
vīvus, a, um: adj. (vīvō), alive, living, 6.531; lifelike, 6.848; immortal, 12.235; of water, living, running, pure, 2.719; of rock, natural, unquarried, living, 1.167.
obmūtēscō, mūtuī, 3, inc. n.: to become speechless or dumb; to be silent, hushed, mute, 4.279.
