63-74

Levia sed nimium queror:

caelō timendum est, rēgna nē summa occupet

quī vīcit īma: scēptra praeripiet patrī!65

nec in astra lentā veniet ut Bacchus viā:

iter ruīnā quaeret et vacuō volet

rēgnāre mundō. rōbore expertō tumet,

et posse caelum vīribus vincī suīs

didicit ferendō; subdidit mundō caput70

meliusque collō sēdit Herculeō polus

nec flexit umerōs mōlis immēnsae labor;

immōta cervīx sīdera et caelum tulit

et mē prementem: quaerit ad superōs viam.

    Juno fears that Hercules will overthrow Jupiter and rule in Olympus.

    64 The impersonal passive periphrastic timendum est governs dative caelō (AG 374, as at line 10), “we must be afraid for heaven,” and introduces a fear clause (AG 564). Juno is hyperbolically afraid that Hercules will overthrow his father Jupiter and rule in his place.

    65 patrī: dative of separation (AG 381).

    66 lentā … viā: ablative of way by which (AG 429.4). Like Hercules, Jupiter’s son Bacchus was born to a human woman (Semele) and was eventually admitted to Olympus. Unlike his peaceful apotheosis, Juno worries that Hercules will force his way into heaven.

    67 ruīnā: ablative of means (AG 409).

    68 robore expertō tumet: “he swells (with pride) in his proven strength,” see L-S robur II.B.2, “power, strength, force, vigor”; experior II.B.2, past participle expertus in a passive sense, “tried, proved, known by experience; and tumeo II.B. In Juno’s view, the Labors have given Hercules proof that he has strength enough to overthrow Jupiter.

    69-70 In prose word order, this would be: et didicit (caelum) ferendō caelum posse vincī suīs vīribus.

    70 ferendō: “by carrying it,” ablative of the gerund (AG 507). In Juno’s view, Hercules learned by temporarily taking over Atlas’s burden of the world that he could conquer it. A metope from the Temple of Zeus at Olympia shows Atlas bringing Hercules the golden apples of the Hesperides.

    70-72 describe how Hercules temporarily held up the world.

    71: meliusque: “and more securely.” collō … Herculeō: “Hercules’ neck.” Poets often use an adjective in place of a metrically inconvenient genitive.

    74 prementem: the gods are often imagined to have enormous weight.

    summus –a –um: highest; top (of)

    īmus –a –um: deepest, last

    scēptrum –ī n.: royal staff; scepter

    praeripiō praeripere praeripuī praereptum: to snatch, carry off

    lentus –a –um: flexible, sticky, slow

    Bacchus –ī m.: Bacchus; wine

    ruīna ruīnae f.: destruction, collapse

    rēgnō rēgnāre rēgnāvī rēgnātus: to rule

    rōbur rōboris n.: oak; strength

    tumeō tumēre tumuī: to swell, puff up

    subdō –ere –didī –ditus: to put under; place or fasten under

    collum collī m.:  neck

    Herculeus –a –um: of Hercules; Herculean

    polus –ī m.: pole, heavens

    flectō flectere flēxī flexus: to bend; turn, direct; persuade

    umerus umerī m.: shoulder

    mōlēs mōlis f.: large/shapeless mass; rock

    immēnsus –a –um: immeasurable, boundless, vast

    immōtus –a –um: unmoved, immovable, motionless

    cervīx cervīcis f.: neck

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