ΙΙ α. ΤΟ ΧΩΡΙΟΝ, Part I
λέγω δή σοι, ὦ φίλε, ὅτι ἐν χωρίῳ οἰκοῦμεν, καὶ ὅτι τέκνα ἐσμὲν τοῦ Θρασύλλου καὶ τῆς Εὐρυδίκης ἐγώ τε καὶ Θρασύστομος καὶ Ἑλένη. ἐν δὲ τῇ οἰκίᾳ ἡμῶν οἰκεῖ τις καὶ ἄλλη· ἡ δ’ ἐστὶ τροφός, καὶ ὀνομάζουσι τὴν τροφὸν ἡμῶν Λαδίκην. ἆρ’ ἐρωτᾷς, ποῖόν τί ἐστι τροφός; καὶ δὴ λέγω. τροφὸς γὰρ τρέφει τὰ μικρὰ τέκνα. ἡ οὖν τροφὸς ἡ ἡμετέρα οἰκεῖ μεθ’ ἡμῶν ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ.
οὐκ ἄδηλόν ποὺ ἐστί σοι ὅτι οἰκοῦμεν ἅμα, ἐγώ τε καὶ ὁ Θράσυλλος ὁ γεωργός, καὶ ὁ ἀδελφός μου Θρασύστομος, καὶ ἡ ἀδελφὴ Ἑλένη, καὶ Εὐρυδίκη, ἧς τέκνα ἐσμέν, καὶ ἡ Λαδίκη, ἣ τροφός ἐστιν. καὶ ἐν ᾧ χρόνῳ λέγω σοι, μανθάνεις ἕκαστα· δῆλον οὖν δή πού ἐστι, διὰ τί λέγω πολλάκις ἕκαστα. καὶ ἐν ᾧ ἐγὼ λέγω, σὺ ἀκούεις.
notes
Preliminary notes:
- The Greek Boy passages in AGE are drawn from Rouse, W. H. D. 1910. A Greek Boy at Home: A Story Written in Greek. In this story, a Greek boy is talking to you about his life.
- All the masculine and neuter nouns and adjectives in this passage use the same endings as αὐτός and αὐτό with one exception: the neuter nom./acc. sing. ends in -ον, not -ο.
σοι you (dat. sing. of σύ)
ὦ φίλε oh friend (vocative, from ὁ φίλος φίλου)
ὅτι (which of the two below do we have in this passage?)
- as a conjunction: because
- after verbs of seeing, knowing, thinking, or saying: that
τὸ χωρίον χωρίου place; land; property
τὸ τέκνον τέκνου child
ἡμῶν our (gen. pl. of ἐγώ)
τις (Indefinite or interrogative pronoun? How can you tell?)
ἄλλος ἄλλη ἄλλον other
ἡ τροφός τροφοῦ nurse; caregiver
- though feminine in gender (hence the definite article), the noun declines like αὐτός.
ἡ δέ (ὁ δέ, ἡ δέ, τὸ δέ at the beginning of a sentence is translated "but/and (δέ) he/she/it," effectively making the definite article equivalent to a demonstrative pronoun. Translate "but/and she is a τροφός).
- This is most often done (though not here) to signal that the subject has changed from the previous sentence.
ἡ Λαδίκη Λαδίκης Ladike
ποῖος ποία ποῖον of what kind/sort
- ποῖόν τί what sort of thing
δή now
ἡμέτερος ἡμετέρα ἡμέτερον our
μεθ’ (= μετά; how did the form μεθ’ result in this line?)
ἄδηλος ἄδηλοv invisible; obscure, unclear
- the antecedent is impersonal; "Is it οὐκ ἄδηλον?"
πού anywhere, somewhere; perhaps
- note that this is an indefinite form of ποῦ where
- in Classical Greek (the Greek of the Greek Boy is a bit later), this indefinite form is enclitic, and so can appear with no accent: που.
ἅμα together; at the same time; at once
μου my (gen. sing. of ἐγώ)
ἧς (Relative pronoun! What is it's antecedent?)
ἥ (Definite article or relative pronoun? How can you tell?)
ὁ χρόνος χρόνου time
- ἐν ᾧ χρόνῳ: while (literally: in which time)
σοι you (dat. sing. of σύ)
ἕκαστος ἑκάστη ἕκαστον each
δῆλος δήλη δῆλοv visible; clear
πολλάκις many times; often
ἐν ᾧ (= ἐν ᾧ χρόνῳ)
New Vocab.
Vocabulary List 1: Noun in –η
ἀνάγκη ἀνάγκης ἡ necessity
ἀρετή ἀρετῆς ἡ excellence, goodness, valor, virtue
ἀρχή ἀρχῆς ἡ beginning; authority, office
βουλή βουλῆς ἡ council, plan, advice
γῆ γῆς ἡ earth
γνώμη γνώμης ἡ idea, intelligence, opinion
γραφή γραῆς ἡ drawing, writing, indictment
δίκη δίκης ἡ justice; legal case
εἰρήνη εἰρήνης ἡ peace
ἐπιστήμη ἐπιστήμης ἡ knowledge
ἡδονή ἡδονῆς ἡ pleasure, enjoyment
κεφαλή κεφαλῆς ἡ head
μάχη μάχης ἡ battle
νίκη νίκης ἡ victory
ὀργή ὀργῆς ἡ anger
τέχνη τέχνης ἡ art, skill
τιμή τιμῆς ἡ value, honor
τροφή τροφῆς ἡ nourishment, food
τύχη τύχης ἡ luck, fate
φωνή φωνῆς ἡ sound, voice
ψυχή ψυῆς ἡ breath, soul
Vocabulary List 2:
Noun Stems in –ε, –ι or –ρ
αἰτία αἰτίας ἡ cause, origin; accusation
διαφορά διαφορᾶς ἡ difference, disagreement
ἐκκλησία ἐκκλησίας ἡ gathering; church
ἡμέρα ἡμέρας ἡ day
οἰκία οἰκίας ἡ building, house
οὐσία οὐσίας ἡ essence, property
πολιτεία πολιτείας ἡ constitution, republic
σοφία σοφίας ἡ wisdom
στρατιά στρατιᾶς ἡ army
συμφορά συμφορᾶς ἡ event, situation, disaster
σωτηρία σωτηρίας ἡ safety
χώρα χώρας ἡ land, place
Noun in –ᾰ–
ἀλήθεια ἀληθείας ἡ truth
γλῶττα γλώττης ἡ tongue, language. Koine: γλῶσσα γλώσσης ἡ
δόξα δόξης ἡ opinion, judgment, glory
θάλαττα θαλάττης ἡ sea Koine: θάλασσα θαλάσσης ἡ
Masculine Nouns
δεσπότης δεσπότου ὁ master
ποιητής ποιητοῦ ὁ creator, poet
στρατιώτης στρατιώτου ὁ soldier
Prev. Vocab.
ἀγαπάω ἀγαπήσω love
ἀγγέλλω, ἀγγελῶ report, tell
ἄγω ἄξω lead, bring, pass (time)
ἀγών ἀγῶνος ὁ contest
ἀδικέω ἀδικήσω commit injustice
αἷμα αἵματος τό blood
αἱρέω αἱρήσω grab
αἴρω, ἀρῶ raise
αἰτέω αἰτήσω beg, ask
αἰτία αἰτίας ἡ cause, origin; accusation
αἰών αἰῶνος ὁ age, eternity
ἀκούω hear
ἀλήθεια ἀληθείας ἡ truth
ἀλλά but
ἁμαρτάνω miss, fail, make a mistake
ἀμφί (prep. + gen.) around, for the sake of; (prep. + dat.) around, near; (prep. + acc.) around, about
ἀνά (prep. + dat.) upon; (prep. + acc.) up, through
ἀναβαίνω walk up, go aboard, enter
ἀναγιγνώσκω read
ἀνάγκη ἀνάγκης ἡ necessity
ἀναιρέω ἀναιρήσω raise up
ἀνίστημι, ἀναστήσω raise, appoint
ἀντί (prep. + gen.) opposite, instead of, for the sake of
ἀξιόω ἀξιώσω consider worthy, valuable
ἀπό (prep. + gen.) from
ἀποδίδωμι, ἀποδώσω give back
ἀποθνῄσκω die
ἀποκτείνω, ἀποκτενῶ kill
ἀπόλλυμι, ἀπολῶ kill, destroy
ἀπολύω, ἀπολύσω release, divorce, forgive
ἅπτω ἅψω touch
ἄρα therefore
ἀρετή ἀρετῆς ἡ excellence, goodness, valor, virtue
ἀρχή ἀρχῆς ἡ beginning; authority, office
ἄρχω ἄρξω begin, lead, rule (+ gen.)
ἄρχων ἄρχοντος ὁ ruler
αὐτός αὐτή αὐτό self, same, he/she/it
ἀφαιρέω ἀφαιρήσω take from, take away
ἀφίημι, ἀφήσω send forth; let go, allow
βαίνω walk, come, go
βάλλω, βαλῶ throw
βοηθέω βοηθήσω help
βουλεύω, βουλεύσω deliberate, resolve
βουλή βουλῆς ἡ council, plan, advice
γάρ for
γιγνώσκω know; Koine: γινώσκω
γῆ γῆς ἡ earth
γλῶττα γλώττης ἡ tongue, language. Koine: γλῶσσα γλώσσης ἡ
γνώμη γνώμης ἡ idea, intelligence, opinion
γράμμα γράμματος τό letter
γραφή γραῆς ἡ drawing, writing, indictment
γράφω γράψω write, draw
δαίμων δαίμονος ὁ divinity
δέ and, but
δείκνυμι, δείξω show
δεσπότης δεσπότου ὁ master
δέω, δεήσω lack, miss, be in need of (+ gen.)
δηλόω δηλώσω show
διά (prep. + gen.) through; (prep. + acc.) because of
διαφθείρω, διαφθερῶ destroy
διαφορά διαφορᾶς ἡ difference, disagreement
δίκη δίκης ἡ justice; legal case
διδάσκω, διδάξω teach
δίδωμι, δώσω give
διό therefore
διώκω διώξω pursue
δοκέω, δόξω think, suppose; seem
δόξα δόξης ἡ opinion, judgment, glory
δράω, δράσω do
ἐάω, ἐάσω allow
ἐθέλω, ἐθελήσω want
εἰ, εἴπερ if
εἰρήνη εἰρήνης ἡ peace
εἰς/ἐς (prep. + acc.) into
εἰμί be
εἴτε…εἴτε either…or
ἐκ (prep. + gen.) from
ἐκεῖνος ἐκείνη ἐκεῖνο that
ἐκκλησία ἐκκλησίας ἡ gathering; church
ἐλαύνω, ἐλῶ march, drive, set in motion
ἐλπίζω, ἐλπιῶ hope for
ἐλπίς ἐλπίδος ἡ hope
ἐν (prep. + dat.) in
ἐπεί after, since, when
ἐπί (prep. + gen.) on, at; (prep. + dat.) on, for the purpose of, because of; (prep. + acc.) against
ἐπιγιγνώσκω know, recognize, understand
ἐπιστήμη ἐπιστήμης ἡ knowledge
ἐπιτίθημι, ἐπιθήσω put on
ἐρωτάω ἐρωτήσω ask
εὑρίσκω, εὑρήσω find
ἕως until, while
ζάω, ζήσω live
ζεύγνυμι ζεύξω yoke, join together
ζητέω ζητήσω seek
ἤ but
ἡγεμών ἡγεμόνος ὁ guide, commander
ἡδονή ἡδονῆς ἡ pleasure, enjoyment
ἥκω ἥξω have come, be present
ἡμέρα ἡμέρας ἡ day
θάλαττα θαλάττης ἡ sea Koine: θάλασσα θαλάσσης ἡ
θαυμάζω θαυμάσω wonder, marvel
θέλημα θέλματος τό will, wish, desire
θέλω, θελήσω want
θνῄσκω die
θύω, θύσω sacrifice
ἵημι, ἥσω throw
ἵνα where
ἵστημι, στήσω stand
καθίστημι, καταστήσω set down, establish
καί and
καλέω, καλῶ call
κατά (prep. + gen.) down, against; (prep. + acc.) down, along, according to
καταλαμβάνω seize, catch up to, arrest
κατασκευάζω κατασκευάσω equip, supply
κατηγορέω κατηγορήσω accuse
κατοικέω κατοικήσω inhabit, settle
κελεύω, κελεύσω order
κεφαλή κεφαλῆς ἡ head
κινέω κινήσω move
κλαίω, κλαύσω cry out
κομίζω, κομιῶ provide for
κρατέω κρατήσω rule over
κρίνω, κρινῶ judge, decide, determine
κωλύω, κωλύσω prevent
λαλέω λαλήσω talk, babble
λαμβάνω take, grab; receive, get
λανθάνω, λήσω escape notice of
λέγω, λέξω say, tell
λείπω, λείψω leave
λύω, λύσω loosen, destroy
μανθάνω learn
μάχη μάχης ἡ battle
μέλλω, μελλήσω intend, be about to, be going to
μέν…δέ on the one hand... on the other hand
μένω, μενῶ remain, stay
μετά (prep. + gen.) with; (prep. + acc.) after, behind
μέχρι until
μή no, not (moods other than indicative)
μήτε and not (with moods other than indicative)
μήτε…μήτε neither…nor (with moods other than indicative)
μίγνυμι, μίξω mix
μιμνήσκω, μνήσω remind
μισέω μισήσω hate
μυριάς μυριάδος ἡ ten thousand; countless
νικάω νικήσω conquer, defeat
νίκη νίκης ἡ victory
νομίζω, νομιῶ think, believe
νύξ νυκτός ἡ night
ὅδε, ἥδε, τόδε this
ὅθεν from where
οἰκέω οἰκήσω dwell
οἰκία οἰκίας ἡ building, house
οἰκοδομέω οἰκοδομήσω build
ὄμνυμι swear (an oath); swear to
ὁμολογέω ὁμολογήσω agree
ὄνομα ὀνόματος τό name
ὀνομάζω ὀνομάσω call by name
ὀργή ὀργῆς ἡ anger
ὁρμάω ὁρμήσω hurry
ὅς, ἥ, ὅ who, which, that
ὅσπερ, ἥπερ, ὅπερ the same/very one(s) who, which, that
ὅστις, ἥτις, ὅ τι anyone who, anything which, whoever, whatever
ὅτε when
ὅτι because
οὐ, οὐκ, οὐχ no, not (indicative mood)
οὖν therefore
οὖς, ὠτός τό ear
οὐσία οὐσίας ἡ essence, property
οὔτε and not (with indicative mood)
οὔτε…οὔτε neither…nor (with indicative mood)
παῖς, παιδός ὁ child
παρά (prep. + gen.) from; (prep. + dat.) with, near; (prep. + acc.) to, throughout, against
παραδίδωμι, παραδώσω hand over, deliver
παραλαμβάνω take, receive, accept
πάρειμι be present
παρίστημι, παραστήσω present
πατρίς πατρίδος ἡ fatherland
παύω, παύσω stop
πείθω πείσω persuade
πειράω, πειράσω try, attempt
πέμπω πέμψω send
περί (prep. + gen.) about; (prep. + dat.) about; (prep. + acc.) near, around
περισσεύω, περισσεύσω be left over, increase, exceed
πίνω drink
πιστεύω, πιστεύσω trust, rely on, believe in (+ dat.)
πλέω sail
πνεῦμα πνεύματος τό wind, breath, spirit
ποιέω ποιήσω do, make
ποιητής ποιητοῦ ὁ creator, poet
πολεμέω πολεμήσω make war
πολιτεία πολιτείας ἡ constitution, republic
πορεύω, πορεύσω carry
πούς, ποδός ὁ foot
πρᾶγμα πράγματος τό thing; (pl.) circumstances, affairs, business
πράττω πράξω (πράσσω πράξω) do
πρίν (w/indicative verbs) until; (w/infinitive verbs) before
πρό (prep. + gen.) before, in front of
πρός (prep. + gen.) toward, (swear) by; (prep. + dat.) by, in addition to; (prep. + acc.) toward
προστίθημι, προσθήσω add to
ῥήγνυμι, ῥήξω break, shatter
ῥῆμα ῥήματος τό word, saying
σκεδάννυμι, σκεδάσω scatter, disperse
σκοπέω σκοπήσω look at, watch; look into, consider, examine
σοφία σοφίας ἡ wisdom
σπέρμα σπέρματος τό seed, offspring
στόμα στόματος τό mouth
στρατιά στρατιᾶς ἡ army
στρατιώτης στρατιώτου ὁ soldier
συμβαίνω happen, agree, result
συμφορά συμφορᾶς ἡ event, situation, disaster
σύν (prep. + dat.) with (the help of)
σχῆμα σχήματος τό form, appearance
σῴζω, σώσω save
σῶμα σώματος τό body
σωτηρία σωτηρίας ἡ safety
τάττω τάξω (τάσσω τάξω) arrange
τε and
τελευτάω, τελευτήσω finish, die
τέμνω, τεμῶ cut
τέχνη τέχνης ἡ art, skill
τίθημι, θήσω put, make
τιμάω τιμήσω honor
τιμή τιμῆς ἡ value, honor
τις, τι (enclitic) someone, something, anyone, anything
τίς, τί who? what? which?
τοίνυν therefore
τολμάω τολμήσω dare
τρέπω τρέψω turn
τρέφω θρέψω nourish
τροφή τροφῆς ἡ nourishment, food
τυγχάνω meet (+gen)
τύχη τύχης ἡ luck, fate
ὕδωρ, ὕδατος τό water
ὑπάγω ὑπάξω go away
ὑπάρχοντα ὑπαρχόντων τά circumstances, property
ὑπάρχω, ὑπάρξω exist, be, belong to
ὑπέρ (prep. + gen.) over, on behalf of; (prep. + acc.) above, over, beyond
ὑπό (prep. + gen.) under, by; (prep. + dat.) under; (prep. + acc.) under
ὑπολαμβάνω take up, reply, suppose
ὑποτάττω ὑποτάξω (ὑποτάσσω ὑποτάξω) subordinate, subject
φαίνω, φανῶ make appear
φανερόω φανερώσω reveal
φημί, φήσω say, assert
φοβέω φοβήσω frighten
φράζω φράσω tell
φρονέω φρονήσω think
φυλάττω φυλάξω (φυλάσσω φυλάξω) watch, guard, defend
φύω, φύσω produce, bring forth, grow
φωνή φωνῆς ἡ sound, voice
φῶς, φωτός τό light
χαίρω, χαιρήσω be happy, say hello
χρῆμα χρήματος τό thing; (pl.) money
χώρα χώρας ἡ land, place
ψυχή ψυῆς ἡ breath, soul
ὡς as