For each of the following Greek sentences:
1). Read it aloud.
2). Parse each verb and noun (gender, number, and case).
3). Translate each sentence into English, being sure to consult the "notes" tab at the right.
1. Jacob wrestles with a man through the night until dawn. His opponent asks to be let go, but Jacob refuses until the mysterious wrestler blesses him. The wrestler asks:
Τί τὸ ὄνομά σού ἐστιν;
LXX Gen. 32:28
2. After the Exodus from Egypt, Moses prepares to (re)impose the Sabbath and says:
Τοῦτο τὸ ῥῆμά ἐστιν.
LXX Ex. 16:23
3. The introduction to the catalog of David’s army:
ταῦτά [εἰσι] τὰ ὀνόματα τῶν ἀρχόντων τῆς στρατιᾶς
LXX 1 Chron. 12:23
4. Job laments his suffering:
τὰ ῥήματά μού ἐστιν φαῦλα
LXX Job 6:4
5. An admonition from Proverbs:
πρόσεχε ῥήμασιν στόματός μου
LXX Pr 7:24
6. The prophet Isaiah quotes God:
ἐγὼ κύριος ὁ θεός [εἰμι], τοῦτό μού ἐστιν τὸ ὄνομα
LXX Is. 42:8
7. The prophet Hosea is listing crimes:
αἵματα ἐφ’ αἵμασιν μίσγουσιν.
LXX Is. 42:8
8. From the Last Supper:
τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ σῶμά μου.
...
Τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ αἷμά μου
Κατὰ Μαθθαῖον 26:26, 28
Κατὰ Μᾶρκον 14:22, 24
Κατὰ Λουκᾶν 22:19
notes
1.
τί what?
σου your
2.
τοῦτο (nom/acc sg) τό this
3.
ταῦτα (nom/acc pl) τό these.
στρατιᾶς (gen sg) from στρατιά, στρατιᾶς, ἡ army (from a declension you will learn in Lesson 19)
4.
μου my
φαῦλα (nom/acc pl) trivial, worthless
Note: Here and and elsewhere in Koine (Biblical) Greek, you'll see that the movable -nu (e.g., ἐστι(ν)) is sometimes used even before a consonant. Can you spot other examples in the sentences that follow?
5.
πρόσεχε pay attention to!
μου my
6.
ἐγώ (nom sg) I
κύριος (nom sg) from κύριος, κυρίου, ὁ lord (from a declension you will learn in Lesson 20)
θεός (nom sg) from θεός, θεοῦ, ὁ god (from a declension you will learn in Lesson 20)
τοῦτο (nom/acc sg) τό this
μου my (in English, modifies τὸ ὄνομα)
7.
ἐφ΄ = ἐπί on, to
μίσγουσιν = μιγνύασιν
8.
τοῦτο (nom sg) τό this
μου my
New Vocab.
δαίμων δαίμονος ὁ, ἡ divinity
παῖς, παιδός ὁ, ἡ child
ἐλπίς ἐλπίδος ἡ hope
μυριάς μυριάδος ἡ ten thousand; countless
νύξ νυκτός ἡ night
πατρίς πατρίδος ἡ fatherland
αἷμα αἵματος τό blood
γράμμα γράμματος τό letter
θέλημα θελήματος τό will, wish, desire
ὄνομα ὀνόματος τό name
οὖς, ὠτός τό ear
πνεῦμα πνεύματος τό wind, breath, spirit
πρᾶγμα πράγματος τό thing; (pl.) circumstances, affairs, business
ῥῆμα ῥήματος τό word, saying
σπέρμα σπέρματος τό seed, offspring
στόμα στόματος τό mouth
σχῆμα σχήματος τό form, appearance
σῶμα σώματος τό body
ὕδωρ, ὕδατος τό water
ὑπάρχοντα ὑπαρχόντων τά circumstances, property
- only occurs in the plural!
φῶς, φωτός τό light
χρῆμα χρήματος τό thing; (pl.) money
NOTE: Three entries on this list have irregular nom./acc. singular forms:
οὖς, ὠτός τό ear
- (stem ὠτ-); cf. medical terms with "oto-." This monosyllabic noun is accented like παῖς, παιδός ὁ, ἡ i.e., the genitive plural is ὤτων.
ὕδωρ, ὕδατος τό water
- (stem ὑδατ-); cf. “hydr-” words in English (dehydrate, hydrogen).
φῶς, φωτός τό light
- (stem φωτ-); cf. “phosphorescent” and “photo” in English. This monosyllabic noun is accented like παῖς, παιδός, ὁ, ἡ i.e., the genitive plural is φώτων.
Prev. Vocab.
ἀγών ἀγῶνος ὁ contest
αἷμα αἵματος τό blood
αἰών αἰῶνος ὁ age, eternity
ἀνίστημι raise, appoint
ἀποδίδωμι give back
ἀπόλλυμι kill, destroy
ἄρχων ἄρχοντος ὁ ruler
ἀφίημι send forth; let go, allow
γράμμα γράμματος τό letter
δαίμων δαίμονος ὁ divinity
δείκνυμι show
δίδωμι give
εἰμί be
ἐλπίς ἐλπίδος ἡ hope
ἐπιτίθημι put on
ζεύγνυμι yoke, join together
ἡγεμών ἡγεμόνος ὁ guide, commander
θέλημα θέλματος τό will, wish, desire
ἵημι throw
ἵστημι stand
καθίστημι set down, establish
μή no, not (infinitive mood)
μίγνυμι mix
μυριάς μυριάδος ἡ ten thousand; countless
νύξ νυκτός ἡ night
ὄμνυμι swear (an oath); swear to
ὄνομα ὀνόματος τό name
οὐ, οὐκ, οὐχ no, not (indicative mood)
οὖς, ὠτός τό ear
παῖς, παιδός ὁ child
παραδίδωμι hand over, deliver
πάρειμι be present
παρίστημι present, offer, supply
πατρίς πατρίδος ἡ fatherland
πνεῦμα πνεύματος τό wind, breath, spirit
πούς, ποδός ὁ foot
πρᾶγμα πράγματος τό thing; (pl.) circumstances, affairs, business
προστίθημι add to
ῥήγνυμι break, shatter
ῥῆμα ῥήματος τό word, saying
σκεδάννυμι scatter, disperse
σπέρμα σπέρματος τό seed, offspring
στόμα στόματος τό mouth
σχῆμα σχήματος τό form, appearance
σῶμα σώματος τό body
τίθημι put, place, make
ὕδωρ, ὕδατος τό water
ὑπάρχοντα ὑπαρχόντων τά circumstances, property
φημί say, assert
φῶς, φωτός τό light
χρῆμα χρήματος τό thing; (pl.) money