For each of the following Greek sentences: 

1). Read it aloud. 

2). Parse each verb and noun (gender, number, and case). 

3). Translate each sentence into English, being sure to consult the "notes" tab at the right.

 

1. Jacob wrestles with a man through the night until dawn. His opponent asks to be let go, but Jacob refuses until the mysterious wrestler blesses him. The wrestler asks:
Τί τὸ ὄνομά σού ἐστιν;
LXX Gen. 32:28
 

2. After the Exodus from Egypt, Moses prepares to (re)impose the Sabbath and says:
Τοῦτο τὸ ῥῆμά ἐστιν.
LXX Ex. 16:23
 

3. The introduction to the catalog of David’s army:
ταῦτά [εἰσι] τὰ ὀνόματα τῶν ἀρχόντων τῆς στρατιᾶς
LXX 1 Chron. 12:23


4. Job laments his suffering:
τὰ ῥήματά μού ἐστιν φαῦλα
LXX Job 6:4


5. An admonition from Proverbs:
πρόσεχε ῥήμασιν στόματός μου
LXX Pr 7:24


6. The prophet Isaiah quotes God:
ἐγὼ κύριος ὁ θεός [εἰμι], τοῦτό μού ἐστιν τὸ ὄνομα
LXX Is. 42:8
 

7. The prophet Hosea is listing crimes:
αἵματα ἐφ’ αἵμασιν μίσγουσιν.
LXX Is. 42:8


8. From the Last Supper:
τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ σῶμά μου.
...
Τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ αἷμά μου
Κατὰ Μαθθαῖον 26:26, 28
Κατὰ Μᾶρκον 14:22, 24
Κατὰ Λουκᾶν 22:19

 

 

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    Notes

    1.

    τί what?

    σου your

     

    2. 

    τοῦτο (nom/acc sg) τό this

     

    3.

    ταῦτα (nom/acc pl) τό these.

    στρατιᾶς (gen sg) from στρατιά, στρατιᾶς, ἡ army (from a declension you will learn in Lesson 19)

     

    4.

    μου my
    φαῦλα (nom/acc pl) trivial, worthless

    Note: Here and and elsewhere in Koine (Biblical) Greek, you'll see that the movable -nu (e.g., ἐστι(ν)) is sometimes used even before a consonant. Can you spot other examples in the sentences that follow?

     

    5.

    πρόσεχε pay attention to! 

    μου my

     

    6.

    ἐγώ (nom sg) I

    κύριος (nom sg) from κύριος, κυρίου, ὁ lord (from a declension you will learn in Lesson 20)

    θεός (nom sg) from θεός, θεοῦ, ὁ god (from a declension you will learn in Lesson 20)

    τοῦτο (nom/acc sg) τό this

    μου my (in English, modifies τὸ ὄνομα)

     

    7. 

    ἐφ΄ = ἐπί on, to

    μίσγουσιν = μιγνύασιν

     

    8

    τοῦτο (nom sg) τό this

    μου my

    New Vocabulary

    δαίμων δαίμονος ὁ, ἡ divinity

    παῖς, παιδός ὁ, ἡ child

    ἐλπίς ἐλπίδος ἡ hope

    μυριάς μυριάδος ἡ ten thousand; countless

    νύξ νυκτός ἡ night

    πατρίς πατρίδος ἡ fatherland

    αἷμα αἵματος τό blood

    γράμμα γράμματος τό letter

    θέλημα θελήματος τό will, wish, desire

    ὄνομα ὀνόματος τό name

    οὖς, ὠτός τό ear

    πνεῦμα πνεύματος τό wind, breath, spirit

    πρᾶγμα πράγματος τό thing; (pl.) circumstances, affairs, business

    ῥῆμα ῥήματος τό word, saying

    σπέρμα σπέρματος τό seed, offspring

    στόμα στόματος τό mouth

    σχῆμα σχήματος τό form, appearance

    σῶμα σώματος τό body

    ὕδωρ, ὕδατος τό water

    ὑπάρχοντα ὑπαρχόντων τά circumstances, property

    • only occurs in the plural!

    φῶς, φωτός τό light

    χρῆμα χρήματος τό thing; (pl.) money

     

    NOTE: Three entries on this list have irregular nom./acc. singular forms:

    οὖς, ὠτός τό ear

    • (stem ὠτ-); cf. medical terms with "oto-." This monosyllabic noun is accented like παῖς, παιδός ὁ, ἡ i.e., the genitive plural is ὤτων.

    ὕδωρ, ὕδατος τό water

    • (stem ὑδατ-); cf. “hydr-” words in English (dehydrate, hydrogen).

    φῶς, φωτός τό light

    • (stem φωτ-); cf. “phosphorescent” and “photo” in English. This monosyllabic noun is accented like παῖς, παιδός, ὁ, ἡ i.e., the genitive plural is φώτων
    Previous Vocabulary

    ἀγών ἀγῶνος ὁ contest

    αἷμα αἵματος τό blood

    αἰών αἰῶνος ὁ age, eternity

    ἀνίστημι raise, appoint

    ἀποδίδωμι give back

    ἀπόλλυμι kill, destroy

    ἄρχων ἄρχοντος ὁ ruler

    ἀφίημι send forth; let go, allow

    γράμμα γράμματος τό letter

    δαίμων δαίμονος ὁ divinity

    δείκνυμι show

    δίδωμι give

    εἰμί be

    ἐλπίς ἐλπίδος ἡ hope

    ἐπιτίθημι put on

    ζεύγνυμι yoke, join together

    ἡγεμών ἡγεμόνος ὁ guide, commander

    θέλημα θέλματος τό will, wish, desire

    ἵημι throw

    ἵστημι stand

    καθίστημι set down, establish

    μή no, not (infinitive mood)

    μίγνυμι mix

    μυριάς μυριάδος ἡ ten thousand; countless

    νύξ νυκτός ἡ night

    ὄμνυμι swear (an oath); swear to

    ὄνομα ὀνόματος τό name

    οὐ, οὐκ, οὐχ no, not (indicative mood)

    οὖς, ὠτός τό ear

    παῖς, παιδός ὁ child

    παραδίδωμι hand over, deliver

    πάρειμι be present

    παρίστημι present, offer, supply

    πατρίς πατρίδος ἡ fatherland

    πνεῦμα πνεύματος τό wind, breath, spirit

    πούς, ποδός ὁ foot

    πρᾶγμα πράγματος τό thing; (pl.) circumstances, affairs, business

    προστίθημι add to

    ῥήγνυμι break, shatter

    ῥῆμα ῥήματος τό word, saying

    σκεδάννυμι scatter, disperse

    σπέρμα σπέρματος τό seed, offspring

    στόμα στόματος τό mouth

    σχῆμα σχήματος τό form, appearance

    σῶμα σώματος τό body

    τίθημι put, place, make

    ὕδωρ, ὕδατος τό water

    ὑπάρχοντα ὑπαρχόντων τά circumstances, property

    φημί say, assert

    φῶς, φωτός τό light

    χρῆμα χρήματος τό thing; (pl.) money

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