Tālibus īnsidiīs periūrīque arte Sinōnis195
crēdita rēs, captīque dolīs lacrimīsque coāctīs
quōs neque Tӯdīdēs nec Larisaeus Achillēs,
nōn annī domuēre decem, nōn mīlle carīnae.
Hīc aliud maius miserīs multōque tremendum
obicitur magis atque imprōvida pectora turbat.200
Lāocoōn, ductus Neptūnō sorte sacerdōs,
sollemnēs taurum ingentem mactābat ad ārās.
Ecce autem geminī ā Tenedō tranquilla per alta
(horrēscō referēns) immēnsīs orbibus anguēs
incumbunt pelagō pariterque ad lītora tendunt;205
pectora quōrum inter flūctūs arrēcta iubaeque
sanguineae superant undās, pars cētera pontum
pōne legit sinuatque immēnsa volūmine terga.
Fit sonitus spūmante salō; iamque arva tenēbant
ārdentēsque oculōs suffectī sanguine et ignī210
sībila lambēbant linguīs vibrantibus ōra.
Diffugimus vīsū exsanguēs. Illī agmine certō
Lāocoonta petunt; et prīmum parva duōrum
corpora nātōrum serpēns amplexus uterque
implicat et miserōs morsū dēpāscitur artūs;215
post ipsum auxiliō subeuntem ac tēla ferentem
corripiunt spīrīsque ligant ingentibus; et iam
bis medium amplexī, bis collō squāmea circum
terga datī superant capite et cervīcibus altīs.
Ille simul manibus tendit dīvellere nōdōs220
perfūsus saniē vittās ātrōque venēnō,
clāmōrēs simul horrendōs ad sīdera tollit:
quālēs mūgītūs, fūgit cum saucius āram
taurus et incertam excussit cervīce secūrim.
At geminī lāpsū dēlūbra ad summa dracōnēs225
effugiunt saevaeque petunt Trītōnidis arcem,
sub pedibusque deae clipeīque sub orbe teguntur.
Tum vērō tremefacta novus per pectora cūnctīs
īnsinuat pavor, et scelus expendisse merentem
Lāocoonta ferunt, sacrum quī cuspide rōbur230
laeserit et tergō scelerātam intorserit hastam.
Dūcendum ad sēdēs simulācrum ōrandaque dīvae
nūmina conclāmant.
notes
Manuscripts: M 195-205, 206-233 | P 195-208, 209-231, 232-233
Laocoon and his sons are attacked and slain by two snakes, who then escape and hide under the protection of Pallas. Terrified by this we resolve to bring in the horse (Sidgwick).
196: credita (est) res: “the story was believed” (Comstock). captī: sc. sumus (F-B). coāctis: crocodile tears (Austin); > cogo -ere -ēgī -āctum, “compel.”
197–198: The strong simplicity of these two lines deserves attention. Note the effect of the stately epithet Larisaeus, also of the change from the ordinary particles neque...neque to the less usual and more rhetorical nōn...nōn (Page).
197: quōs: its antecedent is the subject of captī sumus (Bennett). Tӯdīdēs: Diomedes (Carter). Larisaeus: from Larissa in Thessaly, where Achilles’ kingdom of Phthia was (Sidgwick).
198: Note the combination of anaphora (nōn...nōn), asyndeton, and chiasmus (annī decem...mīlle carīnae). domuēre: = domuērunt. mīlle: a round number. The Iliad makes the number of Greek ships 1,186 (Frieze).
199–224: Here begins the famous description of a scene depicted by the ancient group of statuary in the Vatican collection, known as the “Laocoon,” discovered 1506 A.D. in the Baths of Titus, at Rome (Comstock). The prodigy is a type of the impending capture of Troy. The serpents are the Greek fleet, and, like the Greek army, they destroy the youth of Troy and her priest, i.e., her religion and gods (Howson).
199: Order: Hīc aliud maius (monstrum, “portent”), multōque magis tremendum, obiicitur (nōbīs) miserīs (Chase). hīc: temporal (Horsfall). aliud: “another incident” (Bennett). maius miserīs multō: the alliteration emphasizes the effect of the statement. miserīs is to be taken with nōbīs understood (F-B). Vergil enjoys this use of oblique cases of miser as a neat means of extending the range of authorial sympathy (Horsfall).
200: obicitur: the first syllable is long, for the compounds of iacio though written with i are often to be pronounced as though written with ji (Bennett). imprōvida: not knowing the future, “blinded” (G-K); either expecting no such occurrence, or generally so (C-R).
201: ductus...sorte: = factus sorte ductā (Williams); a Roman custom transferred to Troy (G-K). ductus: “drawn,” properly of the lot itself, transferred by a common poetic refinement to the man. So we speak of a man being “drawn” in a conscription (Sidgwick). Neptunō: AG 377. According to tradition, Laocoon was a priest of Apollo, but this position is given by Vergil to Panthus; see 319 (F-B).
202: The heavy spondees, and the marked clash of ictus and accent, emphasize the solemnity of the act (and perhaps the effort needed to overcome the ingēns taurus?) (Austin). sollemnēs: “accustomed,” “customary” (H-H); “wonted”: a common religious word of a regularly recurring duty or celebration (Sidgwick). Set cult duties explain why Laocoon has not been present during Sinon’s rigamarole (Horsfall). mactābat: “was about to sacrifice” (Comstock). The regular sacrifices to Neptune, whose shrine would naturally be near the seashore, had doubtless been neglected during the war. Laocoon therefore takes the earliest opportunity to offer the rites due the god. The imperfect mactābat indicates that he set about his task even while Sinon was telling his story. It is a plausible view that he wished to supplicate Neptune to destroy the Greek fleet (F-B).
203–204: Notice how the separation of anguēs from its adjective geminī by a series of descriptive phrases gives tension to the sentence (Williams).
203: geminī: “two”; implying similarity (Frieze). ā Tenedō: They come from Tenedos as an omen that the enemy is coming from its concealment there to destroy the city (Frieze). Map of Troy and environs. tranquilla: Vergil does not have an epithet with substantival altum elsewhere; but it is not otiose: the quiet sea, like a clear sky, is a quite unexpected source of danger (Austin). per alta: sc. maria (Carter). “over the deep”; they were first seen far out at sea (C-R). In this sense, the singular is more common (F-B).
204: immēnsīs orbibus: AG 412 or 415.
205: incumbunt pelagō: like rowers: a fine vivid word to express both movement and effort. Vergil’s picture is clear from such phrases as incumbere arātrīs (Georgics 1.213), validīs incumbere rēmīs (Aeneid 5.15), incubuēre marī (1.84, of the winds) (Austin). pariter: “side by side” (G-K). tendunt: iter (Comstock).
206–208: The lines admirably describe the motion of a snake whose erect head goes straight forward while his body follows wriggling behind (Carter). Vergil’s choice of words plainly indicates the noise made by the serpents as they come hissing and churning up the waves (Austin).
206: inter flūctūs arrēcta: reminiscint of what pass for photographs of the Loch Ness monster (Horsfall). iubae: a mane was one of the recognised marks of a dragon (Storr). These sea-serpents are creatures of imagination (F-B).
207: pars cētera: the force of quōrum extends also to pars,—”the rest of whom,” i.e., their bodies and tails (Bennett).
208: legit: “skims” (the water). The word seems literally to mean “pick”; hence used of the course of a vessel, and so here of the monster (G-K). The idea in legit is borrowed from an object’s passing lightly over any surface (Anthon). immēnsa volūmine terga: “the back’s endless coil,” only the phrase is varied in V.’s manner: volumine abl. of respect, depending on immēnsa (Sidgwick). Volūmine, “in a fold, in folds”; meaning the undulating curves made by the long bodies of serpents in propelling themselves over the waves (Frieze). The plural would be more natural, but doubtless the singular is occasioned by the metre (G-K).
209–211: The alliteration, especially of s, is very powerful, and the description is brought to an end with a patterned line of gruesome finality (Williams).
209: fit sonitus spūmante salō: the alliteration with s is well calculated to suggest the noise made by the foaming waters; spūmante salō is ablative absolute, denoting cause (Bennett). arva: here for lītora (Bennett).
210: ārdentēsque oculōs suffectī: oculōs is the direct object of suffecti, which has middle force (Bennett) (AG 397c). The so-called synecdochical or Greek Accusative, found in poetry and later Latin, used to denote the part affected (AG 397b) (G-K). suffecti: “tinged,” “suffused,” an old sense like that of inficio; quite a natural meaning though not common (Sidgwick).
211: vibrantibus: admirably expresses the peculiarly rapid motion of the tongue of the serpent (Anthon).
212–213: Notice how after the lingering descriptive passage the two staccato short sentences convey the rapidity of the events (Williams).
212: exsanguēs: i.e., with fear (Comstock). agmine certō: agmen has two senses: (1) “an army on the march,” (2) “march,” “advance”: here Vergil takes advantage of this double meaning and describes the “advance” of the serpents by a word which also compares them with an “army on the march” as it moves in a long, winding, glittering line (Page). “In an undeviating course”; indicating that they had been sent by a higher power expressly to destroy Laocoon, and were not merely seeking for prey. Agmen is also used of the motion of a snake in 5.90 (Frieze). Note the contrast with diffugimus (F-B). The rhythm, the elision, the strong pause combine for a telling effect (Austin). visū: abl. of cause (AG 404).
213: Laocoonta: a Greek accusative singular ending of the 3rd declension (AG 82) (Sidgwick). petunt: “make for,” often of animals (Horsfall). petunt primum parva: another striking case of alliteration (F-B). parva duōrum: note the interlacing with corpora nātōrum (Austin).
215: miserōs...artūs: a transferred epithet (C-R); poetic brevity, for miserōrum natōrum artūs (F-B). morsū dēpāscitur: “devours” (Frieze). “biting, feeds upon”; as though the abl. of manner were a present participle (C-R).
216: post: the adverb (Bennett); = postea (Chase). In Vergil the sons are slain first, then the father. In the Vatican group the serpents assail all simultaneously. (F-B). auxiliō: dative of purpose (AG 382).
217: Notice the expressive rhythm—almost writhing (Sidgwick).
218: medium: supply eum; “around his body” (Frieze). collō: dative with the compound circumdatī (Pharr) (AG 364). circum...datī: = circumdatī, a middle use (C-R). An example of tmesis (a figure in which the preposition is separated from the verb to which it belongs) (H-H).
219: capite: is used for capitibus, which (owing to its three successive short syllables) could not stand in dactylic verse (Bennett); abl. of means or degree of difference (AG 414) (Pharr).
220: ille: the position of the pronoun indicates a change of subject (H-H). simul: corresponding to simul in line 222 (C-R). dīvellere: complementary infin. with tendit (“struggles”) (AG 457).
221: perfusus vittās: for the construction, cf. line 210, oculōs suffectī (Bennett). That the sacred vittae should be defiled was especially horrible (Carter). ātrōque venēnō: poison is so called either because of its effect on the body (it often makes the body turn black) or because it works death. The poets apply āter to all things connected with death (Knapp).
223: quālēs mūgītūs: = tālēs mūgītūs tollit quāles sunt taurī sauciī (H-H). “such bellowings as a bull raises.” It is also possible to take mūgītus as a nominative case with est understood. For the sound of the line, however, the long vowels of the accusative are an advantage (F-B). The simile may be suggested by the fact that Laocoon was engaged at the time in sacrificing a bull, 202: moreover the bellowing and struggling of a victim at the altar were ominous of disaster (Page). Vergil does not describe Laocoon’s actual death; he uses this short simile to imply it obliquely. The simile is not casually chosen: Laocoon was on the point of sacrificing a bull, and he is now himself the victim, while the escape of a victim from the altar is a frequent occurrence in accounts of prodigies (Austin).
224: incertam: “ill-aimed” (Storr). secūrim: for the ending, see AG 75b. The sacrificial animal, at Rome, was normally killed by a knife, culter, not an axe (Cato, Agr. 141.4). The beast (of whatever kind) was first stunned by the popa, using mallet or axe, to avoid ill-omened noise or flight, and then killed with a knife (Horsfall). The jerky rhythm is good; the elision in incertam suggests the emptiness of the blow as it misses its mark (Austin).
225–226: lapsū...effugiunt: “glide away and escape,” literally, “escape with a gliding motion” (F-B). lapsū (abl. of manner), “gliding” (as if it were a participle) (G-K).
225: at: introduces a change of subject (H-H). The particle of transition conveys that the struggle is over, and leaves the death of Laocoon unnarrated (Williams). What Vergil has not expressly said is contained in at (Austin). dēlūbra ad summa: the chief shrines of an ancient city were regularly in the stronghold (cf. the Capitol at Rome and the Parthenon at Athens) (G-K).
226: arcem: here used for templum, because the temple is on the acropolis (F-B).
227: sub pedibusque: when used to connect a prepositional phrase, -que is not usually appended to a monosyllabic preposition, but to the substantive (Bennett). deae: i.e., a colossal statue like that of Athena at Athens (P-H). This suggests a statue standing alone (on the arx) with round shield held out (clipeī orbe): like the Athena Promachos at Athens (Sidgwick). The statues of Minerva are draped to the feet, and some, as the Minerva Medica in the Vatican, have a snake coiled at the feet; and in some, as the Minerva Salutifera, also in the Vatican, there are two serpents represented. Vergil conceives of a statue of the goddess still remaining in the temple, after the Palladium had been stolen (Frieze). teguntur: with middle force,—”protect themselves” (Bennett). = se tegunt (H-H).
228: novus: “Strange,” not “new” (Storr). The former fear was mere terror at the serpents; the new is a religious awe (G-K).
229: īnsinuat: Verg. uses many such transitive verbs as intransitive, e.g. vertō, volvō, praecipitō, ferō, ponō, sistō, iungō, etc. (Sidgwick). scelus expendisse: for sceleris poenam solvisse (Frieze). “Paid compensation for” (Austin). merentem: = and adv., “deservedly” (Knapp).
230: ferunt: “they say,” “men say,” the subject being indefinite (C-R). sacrum...robur: is the horse (Sidgwick). qui: the subjunctive marks the ground on which the popular opinion pronounced Laocoon’s doom as deserved—“inasmuch as he” (S-Z);
231: laeserit et...intorserit: “since he smote and hurled”; clauses of characteristic with accessory causal force (Bennett) (AG 535e). laeserit: > laedo, “strike violently, smite” (Frieze); the verb carries, perhaps, beyond the obvious “strike” or “damage,” something of the sense of “offend” (cf. 183 numine laesō) (Horsfall). tergō: for corporī (Frieze).
232: ducendum...ōranda: (esse) (Comstock). ad sēdēs: “to the shrine” (Frieze); i.e., the temple of Minerva (F-B). simulācrum: the horse is here called the “image” of Minerva because it had been, supposedly, dedicated to her (Carter).
233: conclamant: i.e., cry with one voice (Bennett). Such “imperfect verses” are common in this book, see 346, 468, 614, 640, 720, 767 (Page). The unfinished line is rather effective as it stands. It shows, however, that the passage is not fully worked into its context, and the change to the first person in the next line is abrupt (Austin).
vocabulary
īnsidiae, ārum, f.: a sitting down, or lying in ambuscade; an ambush, 11.783; snare, toil; plot, treachery, wile, 2.36; stealthy journey or enterprise, 9.237; artifice, stratagem, 2.421; personif. pl., Īnsidiae, ārum, Stratagem, 12.336. (īnsideō)
periūrium, iī, n.: a false oath; perjury, perfidy, treachery, 4.542. (periūrus)
Sinōn, ōnis, m.: a Greek, son of Aesimus, 2.79, et al.
Tӯdīdēs, ae, m.: the son of Tydeus, Diomedes or Diomed, 1.97, et al.
Larīsaeus, a, um: of Larissa, a Thessalian town, on the southern bank of the Peneus; Larissaean, 2.197. (Larissa)
Achillēs, is (eos or ī), m.: the son of Peleus, king of Thessaly, and Thetis, daughter of Nereus, 1.468, et al.
domō, uī, itus, 1, a.: to tame, train, vanquish, 2.198; subdue, 6.80; till, 9.608.
carīna, ae, f.: the keel of a ship, ship, 4.398; a boat, 6.391; frame, timber, 5.682.
multō: (adv.), much, by much, by far, far, 2.199, et al.
tremendus, a, um: to be trembled at; dreadful, fearful, terrible, 2.199. (tremō)
obiciō, iēcī, iectus, 3, a.: to throw against or towards; throw to, 6.421; present, oppose, 2.444; bar against, shut, 9.45; cast upon, 7.480; subject, expose, 4.549; (pass.), to be presented, appear, 5.522; p., obiectus, a, um, thrown towards or against; opposite, projecting, 3.534. (ob and iaciō)
magis, and short form, mage: (adv.), in a greater measure; more, 5.94; 10.481; the more, 7.787; for potius, by preference, rather, 5.29; better, 4.452. (rel. to māgnus)
imprōvidus, a, um: (adj.), not looking before; improvident; unsuspecting, blinded; unprepared, 2.200.
Lāocoōn, ontis, m.: a Trojan prince and priest of Apollo, 2.41; serving also as priest of Neptune, 2.201.
Neptūnus, ī, m.: Neptune, one of the sons of Saturn, and brother of Jupiter, Juno, and Pluto; identified by the Romans, as god of the sea, with the Greek Poseidon, 1.125.
sollemnis, e: adj. (sollus, whole, and annus), coming at the completion of a year; annual; stated; ceremonial; religious, solemn, 5.53; festive, 2.202; customary, 12.193; subst., sollemne, is, n., pl., sollemnia, ium, solemnities, sacrificial rites, offerings, 5.605.
taurus, ī, m.: a bull, steer, ox, bullock, 2.202, et al.
māctō, āvī, ātus, 1, a.: to magnify by worship; to sacrifice, immolate, 2.202; slay, slaughter, 8.294, et al.
geminus, a, um: (adj.), twin, 1.274, et al.; twofold, 6.203; double, two, 4.470; pl., geminī, ae, a, twin, 2.500; two, 1.162.
Tenedos, ī, f.: an island in the Aegean about five miles from shore in sight of Troy, 2.21.
tranquillus, a, um: (adj.), calm, still, 2.203; subst., tranquillum, ī, n., a calm; calm weather, 5.127.
altum, ī, n.: the deep; the lofty; the deep sea, the main, the deep, 1.3; the sky, heaven, air, 1.297; from far, far-fetched, remote, 8.395. (altus)
horrēscō, horruī, 3, inc. n. and a.: to become rough; bristle, rise bristling, 7.526; (fig.), to tremble, shudder, 2.204; dread, 3.394. (horreō)
immēnsus, a, um: unmeasured; boundless; vast, immense, 2.204; mighty, 3.672; insatiate, unbounded, 6.823.
anguis, is, m. and f.: a snake of any kind, serpent, 2.379; hydra, 8.300.
incumbō, cubuī, cubitus, 3, n.: to lay one's self upon; lean or recline upon; (w. dat.), lie on or stretch over, 2.205; fall upon, 1.84; bend to, ply, 5.15; hasten, urge, press on, 2.653; overhang, 2.514; press or bend toward, 5.325; (w. ad and acc.), lean, hang, incline, 8.236; absolute, bend to, urge on the work, 4.397.
pelagus, ī, n.: the sea; open sea, main, 1.138; flood, 1.246.
tendō, tetendī, tentus or tēnsus, 3, a. and n.: to stretch; stretch forth or out, 6.314; strain, lift, raise, 2.405; hold, reach out or up, 2.674; direct, 1.410; aim, 5.489; strain, bend, 7.164; shoot, 9.606; stretch, fill, 3.268; n., reach, extend, descend, 4.446; hold, direct one's course, go to, proceed, 5.286, et al.; advance, 12.917; 9.795; hasten, 2.321; make for, advance, 2.205; hold one’s flight, fly, 6.198; make one’s way to, visit (ad omitted), 6.696; maintain, keep one's course, 5.21; stretch the tents; encamp, 2.29; tend, lead, 6.541; struggle, endeavor, strive, 5.155; contend, 12.553; design, purpose, intend, 1.18; essay, try to answer, 9.377; quō tenditis, what is your purpose? 5.670.
pariter: (adv.), equally, 2.729; also, in like manner, in the same manner, on equal terms, 1.572; side by side, 2.205; at the same time, 10.865; pariter — pariter, 8.545. (pār)
arrigō, rēxī, rēctus, 3, a.: to raise up; erect; bristle up, 10.726; (fig.), to excite, rouse; p., arrēctus, a, um, standing up, rising; erect, 5.426; bristling, 11.754; attentive, 1.152; animated, roused, encouraged, 1.579; ardent, intent; intense, 5.138; in fearful expectation, 12.731. (ad and regō)
iuba, ae, f.: the mane of a horse; of a serpent, 2.206; of a helmet, plume, crest, 2.412.
sanguineus, a, um: adj. (sanguis), of blood; bloodshot, 4.643; of bloody color or aspect, bloody, 2.207; fiery, bloody, 10.273; ruddy, burnished, 8.622; bloodthirsty, 12.332.
pōne: (adv. of place), behind, after, 2.208.
sinuō, āvī, ātus, 1, a.: to make into a fold or folds; to coil, wind, 2.208. (sinus)
volūmen, inis, n.: a roll; fold, coil, 2.208. (volvō)
sonitus, ūs, m.: a sounding; noise, 2.732, et al.; roaring, 2.209; thunder, 6.586. (sonō)
spūmō, āvī, ātus, 1, n. and a.: to foam, 3.534, et al. (spūma)
salum, ī, n.: the tossing or heaving swell of the sea; the open sea, the main, 1.537.
ārdēns, entis: burning, hot, sparkling, flaming, 5.637; bright, 4.482; impassioned, ardent, eager, 1.423; spirited, fiery, 1.472; glowing, lofty, 6.130; fierce, furious, 2.529; angry, 6.467. (ardeo)
sufficiō, fēcī, fectus, 3, a. and n.: to make or produce underneath or within anything; dye; tinge, suffuse, 2.210; raise up, produce; supply, lend, afford, 2.618; to be adequate to, sufficient for; strong enough, able, 5.22. (sub and faciō)
sībilus, a, um: (adj.), hissing, 2.211, et al.
lambō, ī, itus, 3, a.: to lick, 2.211; of flame, touch, lick, 3.574.
vibrō, āvī, ātus, 1, a. and n.: a., to cause to move tremulously; to dart, flash, 8.524; to move to and fro, brandish, 11.606; curl, 12.100; n., vibrate, 2.211; quiver, 10.484; glitter, flash, 9.769.
diffugiō, fūgī, 3, n.: to flee apart; run away, flee, 2.212.
vīsus, ūs, m.: a seeing; vision, sight, 4.277; a phenomenon, spectacle, appearance, sight, 2.212; aspect, 11.271; prodigy, 3.36. (videō)
exsanguis, e: (adj.), without blood; lifeless, 2.542; pale with terror, terrified, 2.212.
serpēns, entis (gen. pl. serpentum, 8.436), m. and f.: a creeping thing; snake, serpent, 2.214, et al. (serpō)
amplector, amplexus sum, 3, dep. a.: to embrace, clasp, 3.607; wind, pass around, 5.86; encircle, coil around, 2.214; (fig.), comprehend, embrace, in description.
implicō, āvī or uī, ātus or itus, 1, a.,: to fold in; involve, entangle, entwine, 2.215; to wheel, 12.743; (w. dat.), bind to, 11.555; infuse, 1.660; insinuate, mingle, 7.355; sē implicāre, cling to, 2.724.
morsus, ūs, m.: a biting; eating, 3.394; tooth, 7.112; fang, 2.215; gripe, hold, 12.782; fluke, 1.169. (mordeō)
dēpāscō, pāvī, pāstus, 3, a., and dēpāscor, pāstus sum, 3, dep. a.: to devour, consume, 2.215; taste, 5.93; feed upon, graze.
artus, ūs, m.: a joint of the body of man or beast, 5.422; a limb, 2.173, et al.; part, member, 6.726; frame, body, 9.490. (generally in the pl., except in later writers)
subeō, iī, itus (p. subiēns, euntis), 4, n. and a.: to go or come under, into, or up to; alone, or with acc. and prep., or with dat.; without a case, come up, 2.216; go under, bend, stoop down under, 10.522; come after; follow, 2.725; take one's place, 12.471; enter, 1.171; come into or upon the mind, suggest itself, occur, 2.560; with acc. and prep., go, advance towards, 8.359; with dat., come or go up to, down to, into, 5.203; succeed to, 5.176; come after, follow, 10.371; with acc., approach, enter, 1.400; go under a burden, bear, with abl. of instrument, 2.708; go under the yoke, draw, 3.113; enter the mind of, strike, occur to, 9.757; approach, reach, 3.512; approach, 7.22; meet, encounter, 10.798; attack, 9.344.
corripiō, ripuī, reptus, 3, a.: to take completely or eagerly; to grasp, snatch, seize, catch, 1.45; hurry away, 1.100; tear away; hasten on, take, 1.418; raise quickly, rouse, 4.572; sē corripere, to hasten away, 6.472. (com- and rapiō)
spīra, ae, f.: a fold, coil, especially of serpents, 2.217, et al.
ligō, āvī, ātus, 1, a.: to tie, fasten, bind, 2.217; with in, encumber, 10.794.
bis: (adv.), twice, 1.381. (in composition bi-)
collum, ī, n.: the neck of men and animals, 1.654, et al.; of a plant, 9.436; pl., the neck, 11.692.
squāmeus, a, um: adj. (squāma), covered with scales; scaly, 2.218.
circumdō, dedī, datus, dare, 1, a.: to put or throw around; (with abl.), to encircle, surround, encompass, inclose with, 1.368; of dress, gird, 9.462; adorn, 6.207; set, 1.593; border, 4.137; (with dat.), throw around, 2.792; twine or coil around, 2.219; put round, 2.510.
cervīx, īcis, f.: the neck, including the back or nape of the neck, 1.477, et al.
manus, ūs, f.: the hand, 1.487; freq.; (meton.), action, movement of the hand; work, art, handiwork, 3.486; prowess, heroic deed, action, 2.434; force, violence, 2.645; a collection of persons; a band, crew, troop; an army, 2.29; forces, 5.623; multitude, 6.660; pl., manūs, workmen, 11.329; dare manūs, to yield, 11.558; extrēma manus, the finishing hand or touch, 7.572.
dīvellō, vellī, vulsus, 3, a.: to tear asunder; tear in pieces, 4.600; tear away, 8.568; separate, scatter (others, drive away), 2.434; loosen, uncoil, 2.220.
nōdus, ī, m.: a knot, 1.320, et al.; of a tree, 11.553; bond, 1.296; coil, 2.220; (fig.), difficult point; center of strife, 10.428.
perfundō, fūdī, fūsus, 3, a.: to pour over or along; wash, 3.397; overspread, overflow, 11.626; spot, stain, 2.221; anoint, 5.135; besprinkle, 12.611.
saniēs, em, ē, f.: putrid, corrupt blood; bloody matter; gore, 3.618. (rel. to sanguis)
vitta, ae, f.: a fillet, band, or chaplet for the head, especially for religious occasions, 5.366, et al.
āter, tra, trum: (adj.), black; dark, gloomy, 1.60, et al.; smoky, lurid, 7.456; 4.384; clotted, dark, 3.622; soiled, blackened, 2.272; (fig.), sad, fatal, 6.429; venomous, deadly; of the odor of smoke, 12.591.
venēnum, ī, n.: a poisonous drug; poison, venom, 2.221; a charm, drug, 7.190; poison of love, 1.688.
horrendus, a, um: to be shuddered at; dreadful, fearful, 2.222; awe-inspiring, venerable, 6.10; strange, wonderful, 8.565; fierce, warlike, 11.507. (horreō)
mūgītus, ūs, m.: a lowing; bellowing, 2.223. (mūgiō)
saucius, a, um: (adj.), wounded, 2.223; pierced, 4.1.
incertus, a, um: (adj.), uncertain, 2.740; wavering; fickle, 2.39; doubtful, 3.7; undistinguished, base, 11.341.
excutiō, cussī, cussus, 3, a.: to shake out or off, 2.224; throw or cast down, 1.115; cast out, 10.590; drive away, 3.200; expel, 7.299; shake out, uncoil, 3.267; uncoil and arrange (set the sails), 3.683; deprive of, 6.353; throw aside, break, 12.158; hurry forth, call forth, 9.68. (ex and quatiō)
secūris, is, f.: an ax, 2.224, et al. (secō)
lāpsus, ūs, m.: a slipping; gliding, 2.225; gliding movement, 2.225; turning, movement, 2.236; descent, flight, 3.225; course, 4.524. (1. lābor)
dēlūbrum, ī, n.: the place for sacrificial cleansings; a shrine, temple, sanctuary, 2.225, et al. (dēluō, cleanse)
dracō, ōnis, m.: a dragon or fabulous kind of serpent, 4.484; a serpent, 2.225.
effugiō, fūgī, 3, n. and a.: to flee forth or away; glide away, 2.226; get off, escape; speed along, 5.151; pass swiftly from, flee from, escape from, 2.793; 3.272; escape, 3.653. (ex and fugiō)
Trītōnis, idis, f.: Pallas or Minerva, so called from Lake Triton near the Lesser Syrtis in Africa, near which, according to an Egyptian fable, she was said to have been born, 2.226. (Trītōn)
clipeus, ī, m., and clipeum, ī, n.: a round shield; a shield, 2.227, et al.
tremefaciō, fēcī, factus, 3, a.: to cause to tremble or quake; to shake, 9.106; make to tremble with fear; cause to tremble, 6.803; p., tremefactus, a, um, trembling, 2.382; 10.102; quivering, 2.629. (tremō and faciō)
īnsinuō, āvī, ātus, 1, a. and n.: to embosom; to penetrate, 2.229.
pavor, ōris, m.: a trembling, panic, fear, terror, 2.229; throbbing; eager, trembling, anxiety, 5.138. (paveō)
expendō, pendī, pēnsus, 3, a.: to weigh out; (fig.), pay; suffer, 6.740; expiate, 2.229.
mereō, uī, itus, 2, a. and n.: to deserve, merit, 2.585; earn, gain, win, 11.224; deserve well, 6.664; bene merēre, to deserve well, 4.317.
cuspis, idis, f.: a spear point, 7.817; point, 5.208; spear, lance, javelin; a spear, 12.386; a spear or, perhaps, the shaft of a spear as a scepter, 1.81.
rōbur, oris, n.: hard oak or wood, 6.181; a tree, 8.315; (meton.), timber, a wooden structure; fabric, 2.260; (fig.), sturdiness, strength, firmness, courage, vigor, 2.639; pl., rōbora, wood, timber, 4.399; vigor, flower, 8.518.
scelerō, no perf., ātus, 1, a.: to make impious; desecrate, pollute, 3.42; p., scelerātus, a, um, foul with crime; polluted, impious, wicked, 2.231; accursed, 6.563; pertaining to the guilty or to guilt, due to wickedness, 2.576; sacrilegious, 9.137. (scelus)
intorqueō, torsī, tortus, 2, a.: to turn or hurl toward, or against, 2.231; shoot, dart, 9.534.
hasta, ae, f.: a spear, 2.50, and freq.; hasta pūra, a headless spear, 6.760; pampinea hasta, a thyrsus, 7.396.
simulācrum, ī, n.: an effigy, an image, 2.172; phantom, specter, ghost, apparition, 2.772; representation, image, 5.585. (simulō)
dīva, ae, f.: a goddess, 1.632, et al.
conclāmō, āvī, ātus, 1, n. and a.: to call out aloud; shout, cry, 3.523; call together, 7.504.
