Vergil, Aeneid III 192-257

CORE VOCABULARY

altum, ī, n.: the deep; the lofty; the deep sea, the main, the deep, 1.3; the sky, heaven, air, 1.297; from far, far-fetched, remote, 8.395. (altus)

ratis, is, f.: a raft, float; bark, boat, ship, 1.43, et al.

nec or neque: (adv. and conj.), and not; neither, nor, 1.643, et al.; in prohibition, 3.394, et al.; neque (nec) — neque (nec), neither — nor, 5.21, et al.; nec — et, or -que, may be rendered neither — nor, 12.801; 2.534; nec nōn, and also, nor less, 6.183; nec nōn et, and also, 1.707.

amplus, a, um: (adj.), spacious, large, ample, 2.310; splendid, magnificent, glorious, 4.93; comp., amplior, us, larger; (adv.), amplius, more, longer, 1.683.

caerulus, a, um: (adj.), dark blue, 2.381; sea-colored, azure, 5.819; dark; black, 3.64; subst., caerula, ōrum, n., the dark blue waters; the sea, 3.208.

adstō, stitī, 1, n.: to stand at, near, or upon; alight, 1.301; stand, 9.677; be present, 3.150; stand or be ready, 3.123; impend, 3.194.

imber, imbris, m.: a rain-storm; shower, 1.743, et al.; rain-cloud, 3.194; of sea-water, flood, 1.123; hail, 8.429.

inhorreō, uī, 2, n.: to be rough; of the sea, rise up, become rough, swell, 3.195; to cause to bristle, 10.711.

continuō: (adv.), immediately, straightway. (continuus)

volvō, volvī, volūtus, 3, a.: to roll, 1.86; roll along or down, 1.101; roll or cast up, 3.206; toss, hurl, 12.906; roll over, roll in the dust, 12.329; cast, hurl down, 1.116; 9.512; roll, wheel, 1.163; of books, open, unroll, 1.262; of the Fates, fix the circle of events, decree, ordain, dispose, 1.22; 3.376; of the mind, revolve, meditate, reflect upon, 1.305; pass, continue, live through, experience, endure, suffer, 1.9; rotam volvere, to complete a cycle, period; (pass.), volvī, roll over, roll, 10.590; turn or wind about, 7.350; to be shed, to flow, 4.449; roll on, revolve, 1.269.

dispergō, spersī, spersus, 3, a.: to sprinkle, shower around; disperse, scatter, 3.197; diffuse, dissolve, 11.617. (dis- and spargō)

iactō, āvī, ātus, 1, freq. a.: to throw often or much; toss to and fro; toss, freq.; hurl, cast, 2.459; thrust out, 5.376; aim, 5.433; (fig.), throw out words, utter, say, 1.102; of the mind, revolve, meditate, 1.227; sē iactāre, boast, exalt one's self, rejoice, glory, 1.140; prae sē iactāre, to make pretense of, 9.134; p., iactāns, antis, arrogant, assuming, ambitious, 6.815. (iaciō)

gurges, itis, m.: a whirlpool, gulf, 3.421; flood, 2.497; wave, billow, 3.564; rolling, raging sea, abyss, 1.118; sea, ocean, 7.704.

vāstus, a, um: (adj.), empty, void, wild, waste, 9.323; vast, unbounded, 1.118; huge, enormous, immense, 3.647; deep-, vast-, sounding, 1.245.

involvō, volvī, volūtus, 3, a.: to roll on or in; cast upon, 12.292; roll along, carry, 12.689; cover up, obscure, 3.198; conceal, involve, 6.100.

nimbus, ī, m.: a violent rain; storm, tempest, 1.51; a black cloud, thunder-cloud, cloud, 3.587; a bright cloud; the nimbus surrounding a god, 2.616; cloud of smoke, 5.666; a multitude, 7.793.

ūmidus, a, um: adj. (ūmeō), moist, wet, damp, dewy, 2.8, et al.; liquid, 4.486.

ingeminō, āvī, ātus, 1, a. and n.: a., repeat; redouble, multiply, increase, 7.578; name often, 2.770; n., shout again and again, 1.747; reëcho, 5.227; flash often or continuously, 3.199; be redoubled, return, 4.531.

abrumpō, rūpī, ruptus, 3, a.: to break off, away, or tear away from, 9.118; tear asunder, rend, 3.199; end suddenly or abruptly, 4.388; put an end to, 4.631; violate, 3.55; p. abruptus, a, um, having burst, bursting, breaking forth, subst., abruptum, ī, n., anything broken off; a precipice; abyss, chasm, 3.422; in abruptum, headlong, 12.687.

nūbēs, is, f.: a cloud, 1.516, et al.; storm, 10.809; the air, 12.856; (fig.), flock, multitude, 7.705.

excutiō, cussī, cussus, 3, a.: to shake out or off, 2.224; throw or cast down, 1.115; cast out, 10.590; drive away, 3.200; expel, 7.299; shake out, uncoil, 3.267; uncoil and arrange (set the sails), 3.683; deprive of, 6.353; throw aside, break, 12.158; hurry forth, call forth, 9.68. (ex and quatiō)

discernō, crēvī, crētus, 3, a.: to distinguish one thing from another; determine, distinguish, decide, 12.898; perceive, 3.201; mark, set off; work, embroider, 4.264.

meminī, isse, def. a. and n.: (w. acc., gen., or inf.), to have in mind; remember, be mindful, recollect, 1.203; distinguish, 3.202. (rel. to mēns)

Palinūrus, ī, m.: 1. The pilot of Aeneas, 3.202, et al. 2. Promontory said to have been named from him, Palinurus, now Palinuro, 6.381.

incertus, a, um: (adj.), uncertain, 2.740; wavering; fickle, 2.39; doubtful, 3.7; undistinguished, base, 11.341.

cālīgō, inis, f.: mist, fog, 3.203; misty, obscurity; darkness, dimness, obscurity, 6.267; smoke, 11.187; cloud of dust, 9.36; blinding dust, 12.466.

pelagus, ī, n.: the sea; open sea, main, 1.138; flood, 1.246.

totidem: (num. adj. pron., indecl.), just, even so many; as many, 4.183, et al.

quārtus, a, um: num. adj. (quattuor), the fourth, 3.205.

attollō, 3, a.: to lift or raise up, throw, cast up, 3.574; rear, build, 2.185; (fig.), to rouse, excite, 2.381; with se, lift one’s self or itself, 4.690; come into view, appear, 3.205; (fig.), arise, be exalted, 4.49; (pass.), attollī, to rise, 5.127. (ad and tollō)

atque, or ac: (conj.), and in addition, or and besides; and, as well, and indeed, and, 1.575; freq.; even, 2.626; in comparisons, as, 4.90; than, 3.561.

fūmus, ī, m.: smoke, 2.609, et al.

vēlum, ī, n.: a cloth; sail, 1.103, et al.; a curtain, canvas, covering, 1.469.

rēmus, ī, m.: originally steering-oar; an oar, 1.104.

īnsurgō, surrēxi, rēctus, 3, n.: to rise to; w. dat., 9.34; rise, spring to, ply, 3.207; (without case), lift or raise one's self, rise upward, 5.443.

nauta, ae, m.: a boatman, ferryman, 6.315; sailor, mariner, 3.207. (nāvis)

adnītor, nīsus or nīxus sum, 3, dep. n.: to press upon; (with dat.), lean against, 12.92; lean, rest upon, 4.690; alone, make effort, strive, 5.226; ply the oars, 4.583.

torqueō, torsī, tortus, 2, a.: to wind, turn, twist, 4.575; roll along, 6.551; whirl, hurl, 3.208; shoot, 5.497; cast, dash, 1.108; direct, 4.220; turn away, 6.547; turn, cause to revolve, 4.269; control, 12.180; p., tortus, a, um, whirled, whirling, impetuous, 7.567.

spūma, ae, f.: froth, foam, spray, 1.35; pl., spray, 3.208. (spuō, spit)

verrō, no perf., versus, 3, a.: to sweep; snatch, bear, sweep away, 1.59; sweep over, 3.208.

Strophades, um, f.: the Strophades, two small islands in the Ionian Sea off the coast of Messenia, where the Harpies were allowed to remain, and where Zetes and Calais turned back from the pursuit of them. Hence the name, from στρέφειν, to turn; the islands of turning, 3.210.

Grāius, a, um (dissyl.): (adj.), Greek, Greek, 2.598; subs., Grāius, iī, m., a Greek, 3.594.

Īonius, a, um: (adj.), Ionian, 3.671; subst., Īonium, iī, n., the Ionian sea, 3.211.

dīrus, a, um: (adj.), accursed; portentous; fearful, dreadful, awful, dire, cruel, horrible, freq.; accursed, 2.261; unhallowed, impious, 6.373; foul, carrion, 3.262; wild, furious, ardent, 9.185; pl., dīra (adv.), fearfully, 10.572.

Celaenō, ūs, f.: one of the Harpies, 3.211.

Harpȳia (trisyll.), ae, f.: a Harpy, a fabled monster, half woman and half bird, 3.112, et al.

Phīnēius, a, um: adj. (Phīneus), pertaining to Phineus, king of Salmydessus, who was smitten by the gods with blindness and tormented by the Harpies, for putting out the eyes of his sons, 3.212.

linquō, līquī, 3, a.: to leave, 1.517, and freq.; desert, abandon, flee from, 3.213; pass by, 3.705; depart from, leave, 3.124; of death, yield up, 3.140; give up or over, desist from, 3.160.

mōnstrum, ī, n.: the thing which warns; an omen, a portent, 3.26; supernatural token, sign, 12.246; a prodigy, marvel, wonder, terror, 3.583; monster, 2.245. (moneō)

pestis, is, f.: destruction, 5.699; plague, pest, scourge, 3.215; death, 9.328; infection, pollution, 6.737; fatal, baneful passion, 1.712. (perdō)

Stygius, a, um: adj. (Styx), pertaining to the Styx; of Hades; Stygian, 4.638, et al.

efferō, extulī, ēlātus, ferre, irreg. a.: to bear, or bring out or forth, 2.297; bear away, rescue, 3.150; raise, elevate, lift up or high, 1.127; elate, puff up, 11.715; efferre gressum or pedem, walk, go, come forth, 2.753; efferre sē, arise, 3.215. (ex and ferō)

virgineus, a, um: adj. (virgō), pertaining to a virgin; of a virgin, of virgins; a maiden's, 11.68; maiden-, virgin-, 2.168.

venter, tris, m.: the belly, 3.216; (fig.), hunger, 2.356.

prōluviēs, ēī, f.: a flowing forth; excrement, discharge, 3.217. (prōluō)

uncus, a, um: (adj.), hooked, crooked, 1.169; talon-shaped, hooked, 3.217.

manus, ūs, f.: the hand, 1.487; freq.; (meton.), action, movement of the hand; work, art, handiwork, 3.486; prowess, heroic deed, action, 2.434; force, violence, 2.645; a collection of persons; a band, crew, troop; an army, 2.29; forces, 5.623; multitude, 6.660; pl., manūs, workmen, 11.329; dare manūs, to yield, 11.558; extrēma manus, the finishing hand or touch, 7.572.

pallidus, a, um: adj. (palleō), pale, pallid, 3.217; ghastly, 8.197.

portus, ūs, m.: a port, harbor, haven, 1.159, et al; (fig.), 7.598.

passim: (adv.), here and there, in all directions; everywhere, 2.364, et al. (passus)

armentum, ī, n.: collective (arō), beasts used for plowing; cattle, 2.499, et al.; of all kinds of animals, a herd, drove; of deer, 1.185; of horses, 3.540.

caprigenus, a, um: adj. (caper and root gen-), pertaining to goats; of the goat kind, of goats, 3.221.

herba, ae, f.: any grassy or herbaceous growth; grass, turf, 1.214, et al; fodder; herb, plant, 3.650; grassy land, pasture, meadow, 3.221; a plant.

inruō, ruī, 3, n. and a.: to rush in, break in, 2.757; rush on, 2.383; rush, 9.555.

Iuppiter, Iovis, m.: Jupiter, son of Saturn and Rhea, and king of the gods, 1.223; Iuppiter Stygius, Pluto, 4.638.

curvus, a, um: (adj.), curved, bent, bending, 2.51; winding, 2.748; crooked.

exstruō, strūxī, strūctus, 3, a.: to build up; erect; raise, spread, 3.224; build, 4.267; p., exstrūctus, a, um, raised by, reclining on, 9.326. exstrūctum, ī, n., an elevated seat or tribunal, 5.290.

torus, ī, m.: a bed, couch, 1.708; seat, 5.388; royal seat, throne, 8.177; bank, 6.674; the swelling part of flesh; a brawny muscle.

daps, dapis, f.: a feast, banquet, 1.210; food, viands, 1.706; flesh of sacrificial victims, 6.225; usually found in the pl., but the gen. pl. is not used.

epulor, ātus sum, 1, dep. n. and a.: to banquet, feast, 4.207; w. abl., to banquet, feast upon, 3.224; w. acc., feast upon, 4.602. (epulae)

opīmus, a, um: adj. (ops), rich, fertile, 1.621; sumptuous, 3.224; spolia opīma, the arms taken by a general from a general slain in battle, 6.855.

subitus, a, um: having come up suddenly; unexpected, sudden, 2.692; suddenly, 3.225. (subeō)

horrificus, a, um: adj. (horreō and faciō), occasioning horror; terrible, fearful, 3.225.

lāpsus, ūs, m.: a slipping; gliding, 2.225; gliding movement, 2.225; turning, movement, 2.236; descent, flight, 3.225; course, 4.524. (1. lābor)

adsum, adfuī, esse, irreg. n.: to be near or by; to be present, at hand, or here, 1.595; to have arrived, 2.132; to be with, attend, 2.701; aid, accompany, 10.547; be propitious, 3.116; to beset, 2.330; inf., adfore, to be about to come, destined to come, 7.270. (imp. subj., adforem, -ēs, -et, -ent)

quatiō, no perf., quassus, 3, a.: to shake, freq.; brandish, 11.767; flap, 3.226; shatter, 2.611; make tremble, 5.200; thrill, penetrate, 3.30; ransack, beat up, search, scour, 11.513; torment, 6.571; assault, 9.608; spur, 12.338.

clangor, ōris, m.: a clashing sound; braying, din, blast, 2.313; rushing sound, flapping, 3.226. (clangō, resound)

āla, ae, f.: a wing, 1.301; the feather of an arrow, 9.578; the wing of an army; cavalry, 11.730; troop, battalion, 11.604; horsemen, mounted huntsmen, 4.121.

dīripiō, ripuī, reptus, 3, a.: to tear apart or off; snatch, tear away, 3.227; plunder, pillage, sack, 2.563. See also dēripiō. (dis- and rapiō)

contāctus, ūs, m.: a touching together or upon; touch, 3.227. (contingō)

foedō, āvī, ātus, 1, a.: to make foul; defile, pollute, 3.227; (fig.), disfigure, mutilate, 2.286; lacerate, wound, 12.871; break, tear in pieces, destroy, 2.55. (foedus)

immundus, a, um: (adj.), unclean, uncleanly; filthy, foul, noisome, 3.228.

taeter, tra, trum: (adj.), disagreeable; foul, loathsome, 3.228.

odor, ōris, m.: scent, smell, odor, fragrance, 1.403; disagreeable odor, stench, 3.228; foul fumes, 12.591.

sēcessus, ūs, m.: a going apart; a retreat, retirement; a recess, 1.159. (sēcēdō)

rūpēs, is, f.: a rock, cliff, crag, ledge, freq.; quarry, 1.429. (rumpō)

cavō, āvī, ātus, 1, a.: to hollow or scoop out; p., cavātus, a, um, hollowed out; vaulted, 1.310. (cavus)

īnstruō, strūxi, strūctus, 3, n.: to build upon; build up; arrange, draw up ships or troops, 2.254; 8.676; prepare, 1.638; furnish, equip, supply, 3.231; support, 6.831; instruct, train, 2.152.

repōnō, posuī, positus (postus), 3, a.: to lay, place, put back, replace, 3.231; lay aside or down, 5.484; put, lay up, store away, w. abl., 4.403; lay, deposit, place, 6.220; w. dat., 11.594; restore, w. in and acc., 1.253; return, repay, 12.878.

dīversus, a, um: opposite, contrary; away; ex dīversō, from different directions or from an opposite direction, 2.716; 3.232.

latebra, ae, f.: a hiding place; recess, lodgment, retreat, 12.389; usually in pl., latebrae, ārum, an ambuscade; covert, retreat; cavern, 3.424; recess, cavity, 2.38; the hatches of a ship, the hold, 10.657. (lateō)

sonāns, antis: sounding, resounding, murmuring, rustling, rattling, freq. (sonō)

circumvolō, āvī, ātus, 1, a.: to fly around or surround in flying; hover round, swoop round, 3.233; enshroud, cover, 2.360.

polluō, uī, ūtus, 3, a.: to soil, pollute, defile, 3.234; break, violate, 3.61.

capessō, īvī or iī, ītus, 3, intens. a.: to seize, 3.234; (fig.), lay hold of, assume, 8.507; seek to reach, hasten to, 4.346; undertake, achieve, perform, 1.77. (capiō)

ēdīcō, dīxī, dictus, 3, a.: to speak forth; declare; decree, order, w. subj. or inf., 3.235; announce, order, charge, 11.463.

secus: following, late; otherwise, differently; nōn or haud secus, not otherwise, not less; likewise, even so, 2.382, et al.; none the less, nevertheless, 5.862; haud secus ac, nor otherwise than, just as. (comp. adv.), sētius, less, the less; haud sētius, not the less, 7.781.

iubeō, iussī (fut. perf. iussō for iusserō, 11.467), iussus, 2, a.: to order, request, usually w. inf., freq.; bid, 2.3; ask, invite, 1.708; will, wish, desire, 3.261; direct, enjoin, admonish, 3.697; persuade, advise, 2.37; to clear by command, 10.444; w. subj., 10.53.

dispōnō, posuī, positus, 3, a.: to put in order; arrange, distribute, 3.237.

ēnsis, is, m.: a sword, 2.393, et al.; knife, 2.155.

scūtum, ī, n.: an oblong shield carried by the Roman legionary; a shield in general, 1.101, et al. (σκύτος, hide)

dēlābor, lāpsus sum, 3, dep. n.: to glide, slip, or fall down; descend, 3.238; fall in with or upon, 2.377.

sonitus, ūs, m.: a sounding; noise, 2.732, et al.; roaring, 2.209; thunder, 6.586. (sonō)

specula, ae, f.: a lookout; watch-tower, 4.586; eminence, hill, 3.239; a height, 11.526. (speciō, look)

Mīsēnus, ī, m.: son of Aeolus; a skillful trumpeter, who followed Hector in the Trojan war, and afterwards Aeneas, and was drowned on the coast of Campania, 3.239.

cavus, a, um: (adj.), hollow, 1.81; concave, 8.599; arching, vaulted, 2.487; cavae manūs, the palms of the hands, 12.86.

invādō, vāsī, vāsus, 3, a. and n.: to go into; enter, 3.382; enter upon, 6.260; invade, violate, 6.623; rush into, 12.712; attack, assail, 2.414; address, accost, 4.265; undertake, adventure, 9.186.

obscēnus, a, um: adj. (caenum), filthy, indecent, loathsome, foul, 3.241; horrible, 3.367.

plūma, ae, f.: the soft under-feather; a soft feather; plume, feather, 3.242; plumage, 11.771.

lābor, lapsus sum, 3, dep. n.: to slide, glide down, or slip, freq.; fall down, 2.465; ebb, 11.628; pass away, 2.14; descend, 2.262; glide, sail, skim along, 8.91; flow, 3.281; fall, perish, 2.430; decline, 4.318; faint, 3.309.

sēmēsus, a, um: adj. (sēmi- and edō), half eaten, 3.244.

praecelsus, a, um: (adj.), very high, lofty, 3.245.

cōnsīdō, sēdī, sessus, 3, n.: to sit or settle down together or completely; sink, 2.624; sit, 4.573; sit in mourning, 11.350; take a seat, 5.136; alight, 3.245; settle, 10.780; dwell, 1.572; abide, rest, 11.915; to lie at anchor, to anchor, 3.378; to be moored, stationed, 7.431.

īnfēlīx, īcis: (adj.), unlucky; unfortunate, luckless, unhappy, 1.475, et al.; sad, miserable, 2.772; of ill omen, ill-starred, ill-boding, fatal, 2.245; unfruitful.

sternō, strāvī, strātus, 3, a.: to spread out, spread, 1.700; stretch on the ground, strike down, slay, 1.190; cast down, prostrate, devastate, 2.306; make level, smooth, calm, 5.763; spread, cover, 8.719; strew, litter; overthrow, conquer, 6.858; pass. (in middle sense), sternor, ī, to stretch one's self, lie down, 3.509.

iuvencus, a, um: adj. (iuvenis), young; subst., iuvencus, ī, m., a young bullock, 3.247, et al.; iuvenca, ae, f., a heifer, 8.208, et al.

Lāomedontiadēs, ae, m.: a son or descendant of Laomedon, 8.162; pl., the Trojans, 3.248, et al. (Lāomedon)

patrius, a, um: adj. (pater), pertaining to one's father or ancestors; a father's, 2.658; paternal, natural to a father, 1.643; exacted by a father, 7.766; due to, felt for a father or parent, 9.294; ancestral, hereditary, 3.249; of one's country, native, 3.281; belonging to the nation, of the country, 11.374.

īnsōns, sontis: (adj.), innocent, guiltless, unoffending, 2.84.

fīgō, fīxī, fīxus, 3, a.: to fix or fasten; freq., the object in or on which, in the abl., 1.212; abl. w. prep., 6.636; acc. w. prep., 9.408; fasten up, suspend from, 3.287; hang up, 1.248; set up, establish, make, 6.622; transfix, pierce, 5.516; hurl (fix by hurling), 10.883; wound, 10.343; inscribe, 11.84.

dictum, ī, n.: a thing said; word, 1.197; command, precept, injunction, 1.695; promise, 8.643. (dīcō)

Phoebus, ī, m.: Phoebus or Apollo, 1.329, et al.

omnipotēns, entis: adj. (omnis and potēns), all-powerful, almighty, 1.60; supreme, sovereign, 10.1; subst., The Almighty, 4.220.

Apollō, inis, m.: Apollo, son of Jupiter and Latona; the god of prophecy, medicine, music, poetry, and archery, 2.430; met., a temple of Apollo, 3.275.

praedīcō, dīxī, dictus, 3, a.: to say beforehand; foretell, prophesy, predict, 3.252; forewarn, 3.436; p., praedictus, a, um, foretold.

furiae, ārum, f.: rage, fury, madness, frenzy, 1.41, et al.; vengeance, 8.494; personif., Furiae, ārum, the goddesses of vengeance, the Furies, Allecto, Megaera, and Tisiphone; the Avengers, 3.331; for the Harpies, 3.252. (furō)

pandō, pandī, passus or pānsus, 3, a.: to spread out or open, 7.641; unfurl, 3.520; extend, expose, 6.740; break through, open, 2.234; unbind, dishevel, 1.480; (fig.), disclose, declare, explain, reveal, 3.179.

Ītalia, ae (Ī by poetic (epic) license), f.: Italy, 1.2, et al.

ambedō, ēdī, ēsus, 3, a.: to eat round; to consume, devour, eat, 3.257.

subigō, ēgī, āctus, 3, a.: to drive under or up; drive, push, force, drive on, urge, compel, 5.794; subdue, subject, conquer, 1.266; urge on, exasperate, 12.494. (sub and agō)

māla, ae, f.: the cheek bone, jaw, 5.436; pl., mālae, cheeks, 9.751; teeth, 3.257.

absūmō, sūmpsī, sūmptus, 3, a.: to take away; of death, to end, destroy, 3.654; exhaust, spend, 7.301; consume, devour, 3.257; cut off, end, 1.555.