44.2 Like all indicative past tenses in Greek, the pluperfect adds an AUGMENT. To mark the ACTIVE voice, a –κ– is added to the PERFECT STEM. As a result, the pattern to form the PLUPERFECT ACTIVE STEM is as follows:
- augment + perfect stem + –κ–
To this stem are added a variation of SECONDARY personal endings. These endings most closely resemble athematic (-μι) verbs.
44.4 As we previously noted in our discussion of PERFECT STEMS, if the –κ– marker is added to a stem that ends in a LABIAL (π, β, φ), PALATAL (κ, γ, χ), and most stems ending in a LIQUID (λ, ρ), the –κ– merges or, more often, simply drops out to ease pronunciation (S 561-573).
- δεικ → δεδεικ– (perfect stem)
- ἐδεδεικκ → ἐδεδειχ– (pluperfect active stem)
- γραφ → γεγραφ– (perfect stem)
- ἐγεγραφ– (pluperfect active stem)
- ἀρχ → ἠρχ– (perfect stem)
- ἠρχ– (pluperfect active stem)
(cf. G 252)
Charts JPG
