Quod ubi Caesar animadvertit, nāvīs longās, quārum et speciēs erat barbarīs inūsitātior et mōtus ad ūsum expedītior, paulum removērī ab onerāriīs nāvibus et rēmīs incitārī et ad latus apertum hostium cōnstituī atque inde fundīs, sagittīs, tormentīs hostēs prōpellī āc submovērī iussit; quae rēs māgnō ūsuī nostrīs fuit. Nam et nāvium figūrā et rēmōrum mōtū et inūsitātō genere tormentōrum permōtī barbarī cōnstitērunt āc paulum modo pedem rettulērunt. Atque nostrīs mīlitibus cunctantibus, māximē propter altitūdinem maris, quī decimae legiōnis aquilam ferēbat, contestātus deōs, ut ea rēs legiōnī fēlīciter ēvenīret, ' Dēsilīte', inquit, ' mīlitēs, nisi vultis aquilam hostibus prōdere; ego certē meum reī pūblicae atque imperātōrī officium praestiterō.' Hōc cum vōce māgnā dīxisset, sē ex nāvī prōiēcit atque in hostēs aquilam ferre coepit. Tum nostrī cohortātī inter sē, nē tantum dēdecus admitterētur, ūniversī ex nāvī dēsiluērunt. Hōs item ex proximīs prīmī nāvibus cum cōnspēxissent, subsecūtī hostibus appropīnquārunt.

    凯撒带着他的战船参战。一位罗马旗手成为了英勇的模范。

    quod: “现在…这个”(Kelsey)

    Inusitatior: 相比那种交通用船,“不太熟悉”。罗马交通用船更像是一种贸易船只,是不列颠人所熟识的(Walker)。

    ad usum: 即:ad navigandum;“(船的)行动更容易被控制”(Kelsey) (A&G 506)

    Motus…expeditior: 字面意义为“它能被更加自由的移动”=“能更容易操作”(Walker);“更加迅速和容易操作” (Rice Holmes)

    ad latus apertum: “对暴露的侧翼(攻击)”(Kelsey).即:未有盾牌保护的右侧。(Allen & Greenough)

    Inde…summoveri: inde: 与propelli ac submoveri 相连(Allen & Greenough)

    fundis, sagittis, tormentis: 这看起来是个奇怪的组合:两种用于投掷的器械, (fundis, tormentis) 之间由同一种投掷物连接起来(sagittis, arrows). 两种器械可以仅翻译后者:弓(Towle & Jenks)。显然Cretan 和Numidian的弓箭手以及Balearic的投石机操纵者 (cf.2.7.1)在桨帆船的甲板上进行攻击。被安装在桨帆船的可旋转炮台上的tormenta很有可能是小型投石机(scorpiones),用于近距离发射。(Rice Holmes).

    fundis: 机弦(Kelsey)

    quae res: “这个战术” (Kelsey); “这个行动” (Towle and Jenks); “这个策略” (Allen & Judson) (A&G 308.f)

    paulum modo: “只有一点点” (Kelsey); “尽管只有很短的距离”(Moberly)

    permoti: “惊讶的”(Allen & Judson)

    aquilam: aquila 是罗马军团的一个军旗, 被aquilifer(旗手)抬着。(Towle & Jenks)

    ea res: 他的行动(Towle & Jenks)

    inquit: inquam, -is, -it 反身不及物动词,仅用直接引语,跟在词语或者句子的引用之后:“说”(Walker) (A&G 206.b,599.c)

    Praestitero: 注意时态的作用:“无论结果如何,我至少已经尽到了我的责任”(Walker) (A&G 478).

    inter se: “另外一个”(Walker)

    universi: “在身体里”(Allen & Judson)

    proximis primi navibus: “来自最近的船” (Allen & Greenough); primi 是Madvig 的一个猜测。写成“proximis primis navibus”的原稿读起来意义并不通顺,因为它意味着船被布置成至少两排,一前一后;而且由于(前排的)战士们跳入海里已经几乎被淹没,因为第二排的船会在更深的水域里,那些设想中第二排船上的战士就没办法站在水中。(Rice Holmes)

    animadverto, -ere, -ti, -sum: 观察,注意到

    ĭnūsĭtātus, -a, -um: 奇怪, 不一般

    expĕdītior: 优势

    rĕmŏvĕo, -ēre, -mōvi, -mōtum: 退后, 收回, 收起来

    ŏnĕrārĭus, -a, -um: 运输船

    rēmus, -i m.:

    incĭto, -āre: 快速推进

    funda, -ae f.: 弹弓

    săgitta, -ae f.:

    tormentum, -i n.: 投石器;抛射物;痛苦,煎熬

    prōpello, -ere, -puli, -pulsum: 推进

    summŏvĕo, -ēre, -mōvi, -mōtum: 从下面上移去

    figūra, -ae f.: 形状

    permŏvĕo, -ēre, -mōvi, -mōtum: 赶走

    cunctor, -āri, -ātus: 延迟, 拖延, 犹豫

    altĭtūdo, altĭtūdĭnis f.: 高度,深度

    dĕcĭmus, -a, -um: 第十

    ăquĭla, -ae f.: 一只老鹰

    contestor, -āri, -atus sum: 当做证人

    ēvĕnĭo, -īre, -vēni, -ventum: 坐上去;... 的结果 ... ;降临;发生

    dē-sĭlĭo, -īre, -ŭi, -sultum: 跳下去

    cohortor, -āri: 鼓励

    dēdĕcus, -ŏris n.: 耻辱, 羞辱

    admitto, -ĕre, -mīsi, -missum: 送给,接收;允许

    ūnĭversus, -a, -um: 一起

    conspĭcĭo, -ĕre, -exi, -spectum: 看到

    subsĕquor, -ui, -cūtum: 紧紧跟着

    apprŏpinquo, -āre: 逼近

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    Christopher Francese, Caesar: Selections from the Gallic War. Carlisle, Pennsylvania: Dickinson College Commentaries, 2011, revised and enlarged 2018. ISBN: 978-1-947822-02-3. https://dcc.dickinson.edu/zh-hans/chapter-4-25