Extemplo turbatae acies, uersique Latini

reiciunt parmas et equos ad moenia uertunt;

Troes agunt, princeps turmas inducit Asilas.620

iamque propinquabant portis rursusque Latini

clamorem tollunt et mollia colla reflectunt;

hi fugiunt penitusque datis referuntur habenis.

qualis ubi alterno procurrens gurgite pontus

nunc ruit ad terram scopulosque superiacit unda625

spumeus extremamque sinu perfundit harenam,

nunc rapidus retro atque aestu reuoluta resorbens

saxa fugit litusque uado labente relinquit:

bis Tusci Rutulos egere ad moenia uersos,

bis reiecti armis respectant terga tegentes.630

tertia sed postquam congressi in proelia totas

implicuere inter se acies legitque uirum uir,

tum uero et gemitus morientum et sanguine in alto

armaque corporaque et permixti caede uirorum

semianimes uoluuntur equi, pugna aspera surgit.635

Orsilochus Remuli, quando ipsum horrebat adire,

hastam intorsit equo ferrumque sub aure reliquit;

quo sonipes ictu furit arduus altaque iactat

uulneris impatiens arrecto pectore crura,

uoluitur ille excussus humi. Catillus Iollan640

ingentemque animis, ingentem corpore et armis

deicit Herminium, nudo cui uertice fulua

caesaries nudique umeri nec uulnera terrent;

tantus in arma patet. latos huic hasta per armos

acta tremit duplicatque uirum transfixa dolore.645

funditur ater ubique cruor; dant funera ferro

certantes pulchramque petunt per uulnera mortem.

    CORE VOCABULARY

    extemplō: (adv.), immediately, forthwith, at once, directly, 6.210. (ex and tempus)

    Latīnī, ōrum, m.: the people of Latium; the Latins, 12.823, et al.

    rēiciō, iēcī, iectus, 3, a.: to throw back or off, 5.421; drive back, rout, 11.630; put or turn behind, 11.619; of the eyes, turn from, avert, 10.473. (re- and iaciō)

    parma, ae, f.: a small round shield or buckler, usually carried by light troops, 11.693, et al.; in gen., a shield, 2.175.

    Trōes, m.: (subst.), the Trojans, 1.30, et al. (Tros, one of the kings of Troy)

    prīnceps, ipis: adj. (primus and capiō), first; chief; foremost, 5.160; subst., m., a chief, leader, commander, prince, 1.488; progenitor, founder, ancestor, 3.168.

    turma, ae, f.: a squadron or troop, properly of Roman cavalry; in general, a troop, squadron, 5.560; host, army, 11.503; in turmās, into or in squadrons, 11.599.

    indūcō, dūxī, ductus, 3, a.: to lead, bring into or to; lead on, 11.620; draw, put on, w. acc. and dat., 5.379; put on, clothe, pass. w. acc. and abl., 8.457; (fig.), influence, induce, persuade, 5.399.

    Asīlās, ae, m.: 1. A Trojan warrior, 9.571. 2. An Etruscan chief and soothsayer, 10.175.

    propinquō, āvī, ātus, 1, a. and n.: to bring near; render favorable, 10.254; to draw near, approach, w. dat., 2.730, et al. (propinquus)

    collum, ī, n.: the neck of men and animals, 1.654, et al.; of a plant, 9.436; pl., the neck, 11.692.

    reflectō, flexī, flexus, 3, a. and n.: to bend back; bend, 11.622; twist back, 10.535; change, 10.632; animum reflectere, to turn one's thoughts to any object; think of, recollect, 2.741.

    penitus: adv. (cf. penes), inwardly, far within, deep, deeply, 1.200; wholly, entirely, 6.737; afar, 11.623; far away, 1.512.

    habēna, ae, f.: a rein, 1.63, et al.; strap, thong, 9.587; whip, 7.380; immissīs or laxīs habēnīs, with all the reins let out, without restraint, unchecked, 5.662; pressīs or adductīs habēnīs, with tightened reins, 12.622. (habeō)

    alternus, a, um: adj. (alter), one after the other; alternating, 6.121; by turns, in succession, 5.376; every second, 12.233.

    prōcurrō, cucurrī or currī, cursus, 3, n.: to run forth or forward, 12.267; advance, sally forth, 9.690; roll, rush along, 11.624; jut, run out, project, 5.204.

    gurges, itis, m.: a whirlpool, gulf, 3.421; flood, 2.497; wave, billow, 3.564; rolling, raging sea, abyss, 1.118; sea, ocean, 7.704.

    ruō, ruī, rutus, 3, n. and a.: to fall with violence; tumble down, fall, freq.; fall in battle, 10.756; of the sun, go down, set, 3.508; rush forward, 2.64; of the chariot of Nox, hasten up; ascend, rise, 2.250; advance, 10.256; plunge, rush, 2.353; flee, 12.505; tremble, quake, 8.525; hasten, pass away, 6.539; cause to fall; cast down, 9.516; plow, 1.35; cast, throw up, 1.85; throw up or together, 11.211.

    scopulus, ī, m.: a projecting ledge of rock; a high cliff or rock, 1.180; crag, 1.45; ledge, reef, 1.145; detached rock, fragment of rock, 12.531.

    superiaciō, iēcī, iectus, 3, a.: to throw above or over; overcast, overtop, 11.625.

    spūmeus, a, um: adj. (spūma), foamy, frothy, foaming, 2.419.

    perfundō, fūdī, fūsus, 3, a.: to pour over or along; wash, 3.397; overspread, overflow, 11.626; spot, stain, 2.221; anoint, 5.135; besprinkle, 12.611.

    harēna, ae, f.: sand, 1.112; sandy shore, strand, 1.540; sandy ground, arena; space for races; an arena, 5.336.

    rapidus, a, um: adj. (rapiō), that tears away; violent, fierce; swiftly moving, rapid, 1.42; speedy, quick, prompt, 5.513.

    retrō: (adv.), back, backwards, 2.753. (re-)

    aestus, ūs, m.: glowing heat; summer; a boiling; a billowy motion; waves of flame, flames, 2.706; wave, surge, 1.107; tide, sea, flood, 3.419; tide (of feeling), agitation, 4.532.

    revolvō, volvī, volūtus, 3, a.: to roll back, 5.336; (fig.), bring back, recall, repeat, 2.101; retrace, 9.391; go over again, suffer again, 10.61; turn, change again, 6.449; (pass.), revolvor, fall back, fall down, 9.476; p., revolūtus, a, um, rolling, 10.660; returning, following, 10.256.

    resorbeō, 2, a.: to suck back, draw back, 11.627.

    vadum, ī, n.: a ford; a shallow, shoal, 1.112; sand-bank, 10.303; shallow water, 11.628; bottom, depth, 1.126; water, tide, stream, 6.320; water of the sea, 5.158; wave, sea, 7.198.

    lābor, lapsus sum, 3, dep. n.: to slide, glide down, or slip, freq.; fall down, 2.465; ebb, 11.628; pass away, 2.14; descend, 2.262; glide, sail, skim along, 8.91; flow, 3.281; fall, perish, 2.430; decline, 4.318; faint, 3.309.

    bis: (adv.), twice, 1.381. (in composition bi-)

    Tuscī, ōrum, m.: the people of Etruria; Etruscans, Etrurians, Tuscans, 11.629, et al.

    Rutulī, ōrum, m.: the Rutulians, an ancient tribe of Latium dwelling south of the Tiber, 1.266, et al.

    respectō, freq. 1, n. and a.: to look back or again; look behind, 11.630; regard, care for, 1.603. (respiciō)

    congredior, gressus sum, 3, dep. n.: to step, go together; encounter, 1.475; join battle; proceed to battle, 12.13. (com- and gradior)

    implicō, āvī or uī, ātus or itus, 1, a.,: to fold in; involve, entangle, entwine, 2.215; to wheel, 12.743; (w. dat.), bind to, 11.555; infuse, 1.660; insinuate, mingle, 7.355; sē implicāre, cling to, 2.724.

    gemitus, ūs, m.: a groaning; a groan, 3.39, et al.; sigh, 1.485; lamentation, 2.486; cry, 2.413; noise, roaring, 3.555. (gemō)

    permisceō, miscuī, mistus or mixtus, 2, a.: to mix completely; mix, mingle, 1.488; (fig.), disturb, confound, 7.348.

    sēmianimis (in hexam. poetry pron. semyanimis), e: (adj.), half alive; dying, 4.686.

    volvō, volvī, volūtus, 3, a.: to roll, 1.86; roll along or down, 1.101; roll or cast up, 3.206; toss, hurl, 12.906; roll over, roll in the dust, 12.329; cast, hurl down, 1.116; 9.512; roll, wheel, 1.163; of books, open, unroll, 1.262; of the Fates, fix the circle of events, decree, ordain, dispose, 1.22; 3.376; of the mind, revolve, meditate, reflect upon, 1.305; pass, continue, live through, experience, endure, suffer, 1.9; rotam volvere, to complete a cycle, period; (pass.), volvī, roll over, roll, 10.590; turn or wind about, 7.350; to be shed, to flow, 4.449; roll on, revolve, 1.269.

    asper, era, erum: (adj.), rough, 2.379; rugged, craggy, jagged, 6.360; chased, embossed, 5.267; (fig.), of the weather, stormy, 2.110; of temperament, spirit, or nature, barbarous, 5.730; formidable, fierce, 1.14; full of strife, warlike, 1.291; cruel, stern, 6.882; angry, 1.279; bitter, 2.96; displeased, 8.365.

    Orsilochus, ī, m.: a Trojan, 11.636.

    Remulus, ī, m.: 1. A Rutulian, brother-in-law of Turnus, 9.593. 2. Remulus, a Tiburtine, 9.360. 3. A second Rutulian, 11.636.

    horreō, 2, n. and a.: to bristle up or be bristling, 6.419; to bristle, 11.602; (fig.), to shudder, tremble, 2.12; shudder at, fear, dread, 4.209.

    hasta, ae, f.: a spear, 2.50, and freq.; hasta pūra, a headless spear, 6.760; pampinea hasta, a thyrsus, 7.396.

    intorqueō, torsī, tortus, 2, a.: to turn or hurl toward, or against, 2.231; shoot, dart, 9.534.

    sonipēs, edis: adj. (sonus and pēs), noisy-hoofed; subst. m., horse, courser, steed, 4.135.

    furō, uī, 3, n.: to be mad; freq., to rave, be frantic, rage, 1.491; to be furious, burn, storm (for war), 7.625; to be burning or mad with love, 1.659; to be frenzied, in a frenzy, 6.100; inspired, 2.345; distracted with grief, 3.313; plunge madly, 9.552; boil, 7.464; with cognate acc., give vent to one's fury, 12.680.

    arduus, a, um: (adj.), steep; erect, high, raised high, 2.475; 5.480; lofty, towering, 2.328; rearing, 11.638.

    iactō, āvī, ātus, 1, freq. a.: to throw often or much; toss to and fro; toss, freq.; hurl, cast, 2.459; thrust out, 5.376; aim, 5.433; (fig.), throw out words, utter, say, 1.102; of the mind, revolve, meditate, 1.227; sē iactāre, boast, exalt one's self, rejoice, glory, 1.140; prae sē iactāre, to make pretense of, 9.134; p., iactāns, antis, arrogant, assuming, ambitious, 6.815. (iaciō)

    impatiēns, entis: (adj.), impatient, w. genit., 11.639.

    arrigō, rēxī, rēctus, 3, a.: to raise up; erect; bristle up, 10.726; (fig.), to excite, rouse; p., arrēctus, a, um, standing up, rising; erect, 5.426; bristling, 11.754; attentive, 1.152; animated, roused, encouraged, 1.579; ardent, intent; intense, 5.138; in fearful expectation, 12.731. (ad and regō)

    crūs, crūris, n.: the leg, especially from the knee to the ankle.

    excutiō, cussī, cussus, 3, a.: to shake out or off, 2.224; throw or cast down, 1.115; cast out, 10.590; drive away, 3.200; expel, 7.299; shake out, uncoil, 3.267; uncoil and arrange (set the sails), 3.683; deprive of, 6.353; throw aside, break, 12.158; hurry forth, call forth, 9.68. (ex and quatiō)

    Catillus, ī, m.: Catillus, with his brother, Tiburtus, founder of Tibur, 7.672.

    Iollās, ae, m.: a Trojan, 11.640.

    dēiciō, iēcī, iectus, 3, a.: to cast down, 6.581; strike down, slay, 11.642; drive down, 4.152; shoot or bring down, 5.542; deprive of, 3.317; dēicere vultum, to cast down the eyes, 3.320; (pass.), dēicī, to be disheartened, dismayed, 10.858. (dē and iaciō)

    Herminius, iī, m.: a Tuscan, 11.642.

    vertex, icis, m.: a whirl; whirlpool, 7.567; vortex, 1.117; whirling column of flame, 12.673; the top, crown of the head, the head, 1.403; summit, top, 1.163; mountain summit, height, 3.679; ā vertice, from on high, from above, 1.114. (vertō)

    fulvus, a, um: (adj.), reddish or tawny yellow; yellow, 5.374; tawny, 2.722; brown, 11.751; glowing, bright, 12.792.

    caesariēs, ēī, f.: the hair of the head, 1.590, et al.

    umerus, ī, m.: the upper bone of the arm; the shoulder, 1.501, and freq.

    nec or neque: (adv. and conj.), and not; neither, nor, 1.643, et al.; in prohibition, 3.394, et al.; neque (nec) — neque (nec), neither — nor, 5.21, et al.; nec — et, or -que, may be rendered neither — nor, 12.801; 2.534; nec nōn, and also, nor less, 6.183; nec nōn et, and also, 1.707.

    armus, ī, m.: the shoulder, strictly at the shoulder blade; of beasts, shoulder, 11.497; flank, side, 6.881; of men, the shoulder, 11.644

    tremō, uī, 3, n. and a.: to tremble, quake, shake, quiver, 5.198; tremble at, fear, dread, 8.296.

    duplicō, āvī, ātus, 1, a.: to double; double up, fold up or bend, 11.645; 12.927. (duplex)

    trānsfīgō, fīxī, fīxus, 3, a.: to pierce, transfix, 1.44.

    āter, tra, trum: (adj.), black; dark, gloomy, 1.60, et al.; smoky, lurid, 7.456; 4.384; clotted, dark, 3.622; soiled, blackened, 2.272; (fig.), sad, fatal, 6.429; venomous, deadly; of the odor of smoke, 12.591.

    ubīque: (adv. of place), wheresoever; anywhere, 1.601; everywhere, 2.368.

    cruor, ōris, m.: shed blood; gore, 3.43; 4.455; blood.

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    Suggested Citation

    Christopher Francese and Meghan Reedy, Vergil: Aeneid Selections. Carlisle, Pennsylvania: Dickinson College Commentaries, 2016. ISBN: 978-1-947822-08-5. https://dcc.dickinson.edu/vergil-aeneid/vergil-aeneid-xi-618-647