Vergil, Aeneid IX 778-818

CORE VOCABULARY

ductor, ōris, m.: a leader, 1.189; captain, commander, 5.133; prince, king, 9.691. (dūcō)

Teucrī, ōrum, m.: the Trojans, descendants of Teucer, 1.38, et al.; adj., Teucrian, Trojan, 9.779, et al. (Teucer)

Mnestheus, and Menestheus, eī and eos, m.: Mnestheus, one of the Trojan chiefs under Aeneas, 5.117; 10.129, et al.

Serestus, ī, m.: a companion of Aeneas, 1.611, et al.

pālor, ātus sum, 1, dep. n.: to wander about, wander, 9.21; go astray; straggle, retreat, flee, 5.265.

ō: (interj. expressing joy, grief, astonishment, desire, or indignation), O! oh! ah! w. voc., 2.281, et al.; w. sī and the subj., oh that, 11.415; sometimes placed after the word to which it relates, 2.281.

saepiō, saepsī, saeptus, 4, a.: to fence in; inclose, surround, 1.506; envelop, 1.411. (saepēs, inclosure)

agger, eris, m.: materials gathered to form an elevation; a heap of earth or stones, dike, embankment, bank, 1.112; 2.496; heap of earth, 9.567; top, summit, ridge, raised surface, 5.44, 273; a rampart, 9.769, et al.; a height or rising ground, 12.446; aggerēs, mountains, mountain ramparts, 6.830. (aggerō)

strāgēs, is, f.: a prostrating; slaughter, havoc, carnage, 6.829, et al.; ēdere strāgem, to make havoc, 9.784. (cf. sternō)

impūne: (adv.), without punishment or retribution; with impunity, 3.628; without harm, 12.559. (impūnis, unpunished)

Orcus, ī, m.: Orcus, the lower world, Hades, 4.242; personif., the god of the lower world, Orcus, Dis, Pluto.

īnfēlīx, īcis: (adj.), unlucky; unfortunate, luckless, unhappy, 1.475, et al.; sad, miserable, 2.772; of ill omen, ill-starred, ill-boding, fatal, 2.245; unfruitful.

Aenēās, ae, m.: 1. A Trojan chief, son of Venus and Anchises, and hero of the Aeneid, 1.92. 2. Aenēās Silvius, one of the Alban kings, 6.769.

sēgnis, e: (adj.), tardy, sluggish, dilatory, backward, 11.736; slothful, inactive, 3.513; mean-spirited, cowardly, 9.787; helpless, 10.700; (fig.), idle, exhausted; comp., sēgnior, less glorious, less divine, 4.149; less rapid, 7.383.

misereō, uī, itus, 2, n., and misereor, itus sum, 2, dep. n.: to pity, commiserate, have compassion, 2.645; impers., miseret (mē, tē, etc.), w. genit. of the object of pity, it grieves me for, I pity, etc., 5.354. (miser)

pudeō, uī, itus, 2, a. and n.: to be ashamed; to make ashamed; impers., pudet, puditum est, w. acc. of person, it shames one; one is ashamed, 5.196.

accendō, ī, cēnsus, 3, a.: to set fire to, light up, enkindle, 5.4; enrage, exasperate, incense, 1.29; incite, rouse, 4.232. (ad and candō, rel. to candeō)

fīrmō, āvī, ātus, 3, a.: to make firm or strong; make steady, assure, 3.659; to establish, mature; confirm, 2.691; ratify, 12.212; encourage, 3.611, secure, guard, 11.466. (fīrmus)

dēnsus, a, um: (adj.), thick, dense, crowded, compact, in close array, serried, 2.383; frequent, 5.459.

Turnus, ī, m.: the chief of the Rutulians, 7.56, et al.

paulātim: (adv.), little by little; gradually, 1.720. (paulum)

excēdō, cessī, cessus, 3, n.: to go out or away; depart, 6.737; flee from, 1.357; withdraw from, 5.380; retire, 9.789.

fluvius, iī, m.: a stream; river, 1.607; water, fountains, abundant water; secundō fluviō, by the favoring stream, with or down the stream, 7.494. (fluō)

atque, or ac: (conj.), and in addition, or and besides; and, as well, and indeed, and, 1.575; freq.; even, 2.626; in comparisons, as, 4.90; than, 3.561.

ācriter: (adv.), sharply, fiercely; (comp.), ācrius, more vigorously.

incumbō, cubuī, cubitus, 3, n.: to lay one's self upon; lean or recline upon; (w. dat.), lie on or stretch over, 2.205; fall upon, 1.84; bend to, ply, 5.15; hasten, urge, press on, 2.653; overhang, 2.514; press or bend toward, 5.325; (w. ad and acc.), lean, hang, incline, 8.236; absolute, bend to, urge on the work, 4.397.

glomerō, āvī, atus, 1, a.: to gather into a ball or mass; roll, whirl, 3.577; collect; assemble, gather, 2.315; (pass.), glomerārī, in mid. signif., to throng, gather; troop, flock, 1.500. (glomus, ball)

manus, ūs, f.: the hand, 1.487; freq.; (meton.), action, movement of the hand; work, art, handiwork, 3.486; prowess, heroic deed, action, 2.434; force, violence, 2.645; a collection of persons; a band, crew, troop; an army, 2.29; forces, 5.623; multitude, 6.660; pl., manūs, workmen, 11.329; dare manūs, to yield, 11.558; extrēma manus, the finishing hand or touch, 7.572.

ceu: (adv. and conj.), as, just as, 5.88; as if, 2.438, et al. (ce-ve)

leō, leōnis, m.: a lion, 2.722, et al.

īnfēnsus, a, um: hostile, inimical, 5.587; fatal, destructive, 5.641; angry, furious, 2.72.

at and ast: (conj., denoting addition either with the notion of difference, or of decided opposition), but, 1.46; yet, still, after conditional propositions; in adding new particulars, and in transitions, but also, but, now, 4.1; denoting indignation, with execration, 2.535.

asper, era, erum: (adj.), rough, 2.379; rugged, craggy, jagged, 6.360; chased, embossed, 5.267; (fig.), of the weather, stormy, 2.110; of temperament, spirit, or nature, barbarous, 5.730; formidable, fierce, 1.14; full of strife, warlike, 1.291; cruel, stern, 6.882; angry, 1.279; bitter, 2.96; displeased, 8.365.

acerbus, a, um: harsh, bitter, in taste; (fig.), cruel, fierce, 5.462; fatal, direful, sorrowful, sad, mournful, 5.49; 6.429; pl., acerba, ōrum, n., vengeful deeds, 12.500; (adv.), acerba, harshly, savagely, fiercely, 9.794.

tueor, tuitus or tūtus sum, 2, dep. a.: to look at, gaze upon, behold, regard, 4.451, et al.; watch, guard, defend, maintain, protect, 1.564, et al.; p., tūtus, a, um, secure, safe; in safety, 1.243; sure, 4.373; subst., tūtum, ī, n., safety, place of safety, 1.391; pl., tūta, ōrum, safe places, safety, security, 11.882; adv., tūtō, with safety, safely, without danger, 11.381.

retrō: (adv.), back, backwards, 2.753. (re-)

redeō, īvī or iī, itus, īre, irreg. n.: to go, come back, return; retreat, 9.794.

nec or neque: (adv. and conj.), and not; neither, nor, 1.643, et al.; in prohibition, 3.394, et al.; neque (nec) — neque (nec), neither — nor, 5.21, et al.; nec — et, or -que, may be rendered neither — nor, 12.801; 2.534; nec nōn, and also, nor less, 6.183; nec nōn et, and also, 1.707.

contrā: (prep. and adv.; prep. w. acc.), over against; opposite to, 1.13; against, 5.370; to, 9.280; on the contrary, 12.779; on the other hand, in reply, 1.76.

improperātus, a, um: (adj.), unhastened; delayed, delaying, 9.798.

exaestuō, āvī, ātus, 1, n.: to boil up, foam up, rage, 3.577; to be agitated, to burn, 9.798.

bis: (adv.), twice, 1.381. (in composition bi-)

invādō, vāsī, vāsus, 3, a. and n.: to go into; enter, 3.382; enter upon, 6.260; invade, violate, 6.623; rush into, 12.712; attack, assail, 2.414; address, accost, 4.265; undertake, adventure, 9.186.

cōnfūsus, a, um,: mingled, confused, promiscuous, 6.504; bewildered, confounded, 12.665. (cōnfundō)

properē: (adv.), hastily, in haste, speedily, 6.236.

coeō, coīvī or coiī, coitus, coīre, irreg. n. and a.: to go or come together, assemble, 7.582; come together in conflict, join battle; of the blood, stand still, congeal, curdle, 3.30; come to terms, form a compact, 7.317; coīre in ūnum, to come to one place, unite, concentrate, combine, 9.801, et al.

Sāturnius, a, um: adj. (Sāturnus), belonging to Saturn; Saturnian; sprung from Saturn; Saturnian, 4.372; subst., Sāturnius, iī, m., the son of Saturn, 5.799; Sāturnia, ae, f., 1. Daughter of Saturn, Juno, 1.23; 2. The city of Saturnia, built by Saturn on the Capitoline hill, 8.358.

Iūnō, ōnis, f.: Juno, the Sabine and Roman name for the wife and sister of Jupiter, daughter of Saturn, 1.4, et al.; Iūnō īnferna, the Juno of the lower world, Proserpine, 6.138.

sufficiō, fēcī, fectus, 3, a. and n.: to make or produce underneath or within anything; dye; tinge, suffuse, 2.210; raise up, produce; supply, lend, afford, 2.618; to be adequate to, sufficient for; strong enough, able, 5.22. (sub and faciō)

āerius, a, um: (adj.), pertaining to the air; airy, aërial, 5.520; rising into the air; towering, lofty, 3.291; air-cleaving, 9.803.

Iuppiter, Iovis, m.: Jupiter, son of Saturn and Rhea, and king of the gods, 1.223; Iuppiter Stygius, Pluto, 4.638.

Īris, idis, f., acc. Īrim: Iris, the goddess of the rainbow, daughter of Thaumas and Electra, and messenger of the gods above, 4.694, et al.

dēmittō, mīsī, missus, 3, a.: to send down, 1.297; shed, 6.455; let down into, receive, admit, (of the mind or the senses), 4.428; consign, condemn, 2.85; convey, conduct, 5.29; transmit, hand down, 1.288; dēmittere mentem, to lose heart, sink into despair, 12.609.

germānus, a, um: (adj.), of the same parentage; particularly, of the same father; own; subst., germānus, ī, m., own brother; brother, 1.341, et al.; germāna, ae, f., own sister; sister, 4.478.

iussum, ī, n.: a thing ordered; command, injunction, order, 1.77, et al. (iubeō)

clipeus, ī, m., and clipeum, ī, n.: a round shield; a shield, 2.227, et al.

subsistō, stitī, 3, n. and a.: to stand after; halt, stand still, 2.243; wait, remain, 11.506; tarry, remain behind, 2.739; stop, 12.491; withstand, resist, hold out, 9.806.

īniciō, iēcī, iectus, 3, a.: to cast or throw into, or upon, 6.366; hurl, 2.726; lay on, of the hand of Fate, 10.419. (1. in and iaciō)

obruō, uī, utus, 3, a.: to cover over; bury; overwhelm, 1.69; overpower, 2.424; destroy, 5.692.

strepō, uī, itus, 3, n. and a.: to make a noise; murmur, 6.709; of music, resound, 8.2; of arms, ring, rattle, clash, 10.568.

adsiduus, a, um: adj. (adsideō), abiding by; persistent, constant, 4.447; perpetual, frequent, 9.245.

cavus, a, um: (adj.), hollow, 1.81; concave, 8.599; arching, vaulted, 2.487; cavae manūs, the palms of the hands, 12.86.

tempus, oris, n.: 1. Time in general, a period, time, 1.278; interval or space of time, 4.433; crisis, circumstance, juncture, 7.37; season, fitting time, opportunity, proper moment, 4.294; ex longō (tempore), in or for a long time, 9.64. 2. The temple of the forehead, 9.418; commonly pl., 2.684; of animals, 12.173.

circum: (adv.), about, around; (prep. with acc.), around, about.

tinnītus, ūs, m.: a jingling, rattling, jingle, clinking, 9.809. (tinniō, jingle)

galea, ae, f.: a helmet, either of leather or of metal, 3.468, et al.

solidus, a, um: (adj.), the whole, whole, entire, 6.253; massive, 2.765; solid, hard, 6.552; sound, unimpaired, 2.639.

fatīscō, 3, inc. n.: to come apart; to open, 1.123; gape open, 9.809.

discutiō, cussī, cussus, 3, a.: to shake off, strike off, 9.810; disperse, dissipate, dispel. (dis- and quatiō)

iuba, ae, f.: the mane of a horse; of a serpent, 2.206; of a helmet, plume, crest, 2.412.

umbō, ōnis, m.: the boss of a shield, 2.546; a shield, 7.633.

ingeminō, āvī, ātus, 1, a. and n.: a., repeat; redouble, multiply, increase, 7.578; name often, 2.770; n., shout again and again, 1.747; reëcho, 5.227; flash often or continuously, 3.199; be redoubled, return, 4.531.

hasta, ae, f.: a spear, 2.50, and freq.; hasta pūra, a headless spear, 6.760; pampinea hasta, a thyrsus, 7.396.

Trōes, m.: (subst.), the Trojans, 1.30, et al. (Tros, one of the kings of Troy)

fulmineus, a, um: adj. (fulmen), like lightning; gleaming, flashing, 4.580; like lightning (with his lightning darts), 9.812.

tōtus, a, um: (adj.), the whole, total, entire, 1.128, et al.; tōtō corpore, with all one's strength, 12.920.

sūdor, ōris, m.: sweat, 2.174. (sūdō)

līquor, 3, dep. n.: to be in a liquid state; run, ooze, trickle, flow, 3.28; p., līquēns, entis, liquid, fluid, 1.432.

piceus, a, um: adj. (pix), of pitch; smoking with pitch, pitchy, 9.75; pitch-black, 3.573.

respīrō, āvī, ātus, 1, n.: to breathe again; to breathe, 9.813.

quatiō, no perf., quassus, 3, a.: to shake, freq.; brandish, 11.767; flap, 3.226; shatter, 2.611; make tremble, 5.200; thrill, penetrate, 3.30; ransack, beat up, search, scour, 11.513; torment, 6.571; assault, 9.608; spur, 12.338.

aeger, gra, grum: (adj.), indisposed; of the body, not well, suffering, sick, 5.651; wounded, 10.856; heavy, difficult, 5.432; feeble, 9.814; fainting, trembling, 5.468; wearied, exhausted, 2.566; of the mind, careworn, wretched, weary, sorrow-laden, 2.268; grieved, afflicted, desponding, oppressed, 1.208; heartbroken, 1.351; 4.389; of inanimate things, sickly, 3.142.

anhēlitus, ūs, m.: hard-breathing; puffing, panting, 5.199. (anhēlō)

artus, ūs, m.: a joint of the body of man or beast, 5.422; a limb, 2.173, et al.; part, member, 6.726; frame, body, 9.490. (generally in the pl., except in later writers)

dēmum: (adv.), at length, at last, 1.629; at least, indeed, especially. (dē with n. superl. ending -mum, hence, perhaps meaning downmost)

praeceps, cipitis: adj. (prae and caput), head foremost; headlong, 2.307; deep, 11.888; hurried, hasty, quick, speedy, 4.573; flying, running swiftly, 2.516; 3.598; rash, impetuous, fiery, 9.685; prolept., ready to sink, 10.232; subst., praeceps, n., a steep, precipice, verge, 2.460; in praeceps, headlong; downwards, 6.578.

saltus, ūs, m.: a leap, bound, spring, 2.565; an ascending, 6.515. (saliō)

gurges, itis, m.: a whirlpool, gulf, 3.421; flood, 2.497; wave, billow, 3.564; rolling, raging sea, abyss, 1.118; sea, ocean, 7.704.

flāvus, a, um: (adj.), yellowish; yellow, 7.31; gold-tinted, golden, 1.592; 4.559; yellow-haired, golden-haired; pale green, 5.309.

veniō, vēnī, ventus: to come, freq.; come forth; approach, 6.755; rise, appear, 1.353; dawn, 10.241; to present one's self or itself, 5.344; descend, spring from, 5.373; impers., ventum est, we, they came or have come, 4.151.

extollō, 3, a.: to lift up; (fig.), laud, extol, 11.401.

abluō, luī, lūtus, 3, a.: to wash away, 9.818; cleanse, purify, wash, 2.720.

remittō, mīsī, missus, 3, a.: to let go back; send back, 2.543, et al.; send up, 5.99; repay, 4.436; yield up, resign, 10.828; give up, 11.346; forego, lay aside, 5.419; give back, reëcho, 12.929; sē remittere, to submit, yield, 12.833.