Vergil, Aeneid III 521-547

CORE VOCABULARY

rubēscō, rubuī, 3, inc. n.: to grow or turn red; begin to glow, redden, 3.521. (rubeō)

aurōra, ae, f.: the dawn, morning, 3.521; personified, Aurora, the goddess of the dawn, who precedes the horses of the sun-god, 4.585; the east, 8.686; the sun, 6.535.

obscūrus, a, um: (adj.), dim, dark, dusky, obscure, 1.411; uncertain; of persons, unseen, 2.135; in the darkness, 6.268; pl., obscūra, ōrum, dim places; obscurity, uncertainty, 6.100.

collis, is, m.: a hill, freq.

humilis, e: adj. (humus), near the ground; low down; low, 4.255; low-lying, 3.522; near the surface, shallow, 7.157; unpretentious, lowly.

Ītalia, ae (Ī by poetic (epic) license), f.: Italy, 1.2, et al.

conclāmō, āvī, ātus, 1, n. and a.: to call out aloud; shout, cry, 3.523; call together, 7.504.

Achātēs, ae, m.: Achates, a companion of Aeneas, 1.174, et al.

salūtō, āvī, ātus, 1, a.: to wish safe or well; greet, salute, 3.524; welcome, hail, 12.257. (salūs)

Anchīsēs, ae, m.: son of Capys and Themis, and father of Aeneas by Venus, 2.687, et al.

crātēr, ēris, m., acc. sing. ēra, pl. ēras: a large mixing bowl or urn; mixer; bowl, 1.724; jar, 6.225.

corōna, ae, f.: a crown, 1.655; wreath, garland, 3.525; a crowd or throng; a circle of defenders on a rampart; a garrison, 9.508; a circle or crowd of assailants, 9.551.

induō, uī, ūtus, 3, a.: to put into; put on, assume, 1.684; clothe; surround, crown, 3.526; pierce, slay, 10.682; (pass. as middle, w. acc.), gird one's self with, put on, 2.393; induere in vultūs, transform to the features, 7.20.

merus, a, um: (adj.), pure, unmixed, 5.77; subst. n., merum (sc. vīnum), unmixed wine; wine, 1.729.

celsus, a, um: adj. (cellō, rise), high, lofty, 1.56, et al.

puppis, is, f.: the hinder part of a ship; the stern, 5.12; (by synecdoche), a vessel, boat, ship, 1.69; (meton.), crew, 8.497.

spīrō, āvī, ātus, 1, n. and a.: to breathe, blow, 5.844; palpitate, 4.64; pant; breathe heavily, 7.510; heave, boil, 10.291; of odors, breathe forth, exhale, emit; w. acc., 1.404; p., spīrāns, antis, lifelike, breathing, 6.847.

crēbrēscō, crēbuī, 3, inc. n.: to become frequent, prevail, 12.222; to increase, swell, 12.407; blow fresh, 3.530. (crēber)

optātus, a, um: desired, longed for, much desired, 1.172; (adv.), optātō, according to one's wish; in good time, 10.405.

portus, ūs, m.: a port, harbor, haven, 1.159, et al; (fig.), 7.598.

patēscō, patuī, 3, inc. n.: to begin to be open; to be open to view, stand open, 2.483; open, 3.530; become evident, manifest, 2.309. (pateō)

Minerva, ae, f.: an Italian goddess, understood to be the same as the Greek Athena; the goddess of wisdom, of the liberal and industrial arts, and of systematic or strategic warfare, 2.31, et al.; (meton.), wisdom, wit; household work, spinning, the loom, etc., 5.284, et al.

vēlum, ī, n.: a cloth; sail, 1.103, et al.; a curtain, canvas, covering, 1.469.

prōra, ae, f.: the extreme forward part of a ship; the prow, 1.104.

torqueō, torsī, tortus, 2, a.: to wind, turn, twist, 4.575; roll along, 6.551; whirl, hurl, 3.208; shoot, 5.497; cast, dash, 1.108; direct, 4.220; turn away, 6.547; turn, cause to revolve, 4.269; control, 12.180; p., tortus, a, um, whirled, whirling, impetuous, 7.567.

Eurōus, a, um: adj. (Eurus), pertaining to Eurus, the southeast wind; eastern, 3.533.

curvō, āvī, ātus, 1, a.: to bend, curve, 3.533; swell, 3.564; wind, 7.381. (curvus)

arcus, ūs, m.: a bow, 5.500, et al.; the rainbow, 5.88.

obiciō, iēcī, iectus, 3, a.: to throw against or towards; throw to, 6.421; present, oppose, 2.444; bar against, shut, 9.45; cast upon, 7.480; subject, expose, 4.549; (pass.), to be presented, appear, 5.522; p., obiectus, a, um, thrown towards or against; opposite, projecting, 3.534. (ob and iaciō)

salsus, a, um: adj. (cf. sal), made salty; salted, 2.133; salt-, briny, 2.173.

spūmō, āvī, ātus, 1, n. and a.: to foam, 3.534, et al. (spūma)

aspargō, inis, f.: a sprinkling upon; spray, 3.534. (aspergō)

cautēs, is, f.: a craggy or pointed rock, or cliff; rock, crag, 3.534.

geminus, a, um: (adj.), twin, 1.274, et al.; twofold, 6.203; double, two, 4.470; pl., geminī, ae, a, twin, 2.500; two, 1.162.

bracchium, iī, n.: strictly, the forearm from the hand to the elbow; in general, the arm, 2.792, et al.; (fig.), limb, branch, of a tree, 6.282; sail-yard, 5.829; of walls, 3.535.

turrītus, a, um: adj. (turris), turreted, 8.693; crowned with turrets; with crown of towers, 6.785; tower-like, towering, lofty, 3.536.

scopulus, ī, m.: a projecting ledge of rock; a high cliff or rock, 1.180; crag, 1.45; ledge, reef, 1.145; detached rock, fragment of rock, 12.531.

refugiō, fūgī, 3, n. and a.: to fly, 3.258; flee away, 6.472; recede, stand distant, 3.536; shrink, 2.12; w. acc., start back from, 2.380; shrink from, refuse, 7.618; fugere, refugere, to fly to and fro, 12.753.

ōmen, inis, n.: a prognostic, token, sign, omen, 2.182; (meton.), evil, 2.190; auspicious beginning, 7.174; pl., auspices; rites, 1.346; in ōmen, as or for a warning, 12.854.

grāmen, inis, n.: grass, 3.537, et al.; a blade of grass or of grain, 7.809; plant; herb, 2.471; pasture, meadow; grassy field, plain, 7.655.

tondeō, totondī, tōnsus, 2, a.: to shear; finish, 1.702; clip, trim, 5.556; browse, feed upon, graze upon.

lātē: (adv.), widely; far and wide, 1.21; on all sides, far around, 1.163; all over, 12.308. (lātus)

candor, ōris, m.: shining, brilliant whiteness; whiteness, 3.538. (candeō)

nivālis, e: adj. (nix), snowy; snow-covered, 7.675; snowy, 3.538.

ō: (interj. expressing joy, grief, astonishment, desire, or indignation), O! oh! ah! w. voc., 2.281, et al.; w. sī and the subj., oh that, 11.415; sometimes placed after the word to which it relates, 2.281.

hospitus, a, um: adj. (hospes), welcoming; friendly, hospitable; foreign, strange, 3.377; friendly, 3.539.

armō, āvī, ātus, 1, a.: to equip with arms; arm, equip, 2.395, et al.; fit out, make ready, prepare, 4.299; (fig.), imbue, charge, 9.773; p., armātus, a, um, armed, charged, 12.857; subst., armātī, ōrum, m., armed men, warriors, 2.485. (arma)

armentum, ī, n.: collective (arō), beasts used for plowing; cattle, 2.499, et al.; of all kinds of animals, a herd, drove; of deer, 1.185; of horses, 3.540.

minor, ātus sum, 1, dep. n. and a.: to jut out, project; ascend, tower, 1.162; threaten, menace, 3.540. (minae)

succēdō, cessī, cessus, 3, n. and a.: to go, come up to or under, with dat., or acc. and prep., or without a case, to go up to, visit, 8.507; ascend, 12.235; come up to, advance to, 2.478; approach, 7.214; encounter, 10.847; enter, 1.627; creep under, disappear beneath, 5.93; to descend into the earth, to be buried, 11.103; take up, take upon one's self, 2.723; go under, be yoked to, 3.541; to follow, 11.481; to turn out well; succeed, come to pass, 11.794. (sub and cēdō)

suēscō, suēvī, suētus, 3, inc. n. and a.: to become accustomed, to be wont, used, accustomed, 3.541.

quadrupēs, edis: adj. (quattuor and pēs), four-footed; subst., c., a quadruped, animal, beast, 3.542; courser, steed, 11.875.

frēnum, ī, n.; in the pl. sometimes frēnī, ōrum: a bit, 4.135; bridle, reins, 3.542; (fig.), 6.100.

concors, cordis: adj. (com- and cor), of one mind or spirit; harmonious, friendly, 6.827, et al.

Pallas, adis, f.: Pallas Athena, identified by the Romans with Minerva, 1.39; rāmus Palladis, the bough sacred to Pallas, the olive, 7.154.

armisonus, a, um: adj. (arma and sonō), making arms to resound; with resounding arms, 3.544.

ovō, ātus, 1, n.: to shout, rejoice, 3.544; triumph, 6.589; p., ovāns, antis, exulting, joyous, shouting, triumphant, 4.543; of things, 10.409.

Phrygius, a, um: Phrygian, Trojan, 1.381; subst., Phrygiae, ārum, f., Phrygian or Trojan women, 518. (Phryx)

vēlō, āvī, ātus, 1, a.: to veil, 3.405; cover, clothe; bind around, wreathe, crown, 5.72; festoon, adorn, 2.249; to shade by bearing in the hand, 7.154; 11.101. (vēlum)

amictus, ūs, m.: a veiling or draping of the person; an upper garment, covering; cloak, mantle, veil, 3.405; 5.421. (amiciō)

Helenus, ī, m.: a prophet, son of Priam; carried away captive by Pyrrhus to Epirus, where he became the husband of Andromache and ruler of a small kingdom, 3.329, et al.

rīte: (adv.), properly, fitly, rightly, 6.145; justly, meetly, 3.36; well, 3.107. (rītus)

Iūnō, ōnis, f.: Juno, the Sabine and Roman name for the wife and sister of Jupiter, daughter of Saturn, 1.4, et al.; Iūnō īnferna, the Juno of the lower world, Proserpine, 6.138.

Argīvus, a, um: adj. (Argos), belonging to Argos; Argive; Greek, 2.254; subst., Argīvī, ōrum, Argives, Greeks, 1.40.

iubeō, iussī (fut. perf. iussō for iusserō, 11.467), iussus, 2, a.: to order, request, usually w. inf., freq.; bid, 2.3; ask, invite, 1.708; will, wish, desire, 3.261; direct, enjoin, admonish, 3.697; persuade, advise, 2.37; to clear by command, 10.444; w. subj., 10.53.

adoleō, oluī, ultus, 2, n.: to cause to increase; to magnify, honor, adore, worship, 1.704; burn in sacrifice, offer, 3.547; fire, kindle, 7.71.