Vergil, Aeneid XII 697-745

CORE VOCABULARY

Aenēās, ae, m.: 1. A Trojan chief, son of Venus and Anchises, and hero of the Aeneid, 1.92. 2. Aenēās Silvius, one of the Alban kings, 6.769.

Turnus, ī, m.: the chief of the Rutulians, 7.56, et al.

praecipitō, āvī, ātus, 1, a. and n.: to cast headlong, hurl, plunge, 2.37; urge, hurry, hasten; impel, incite, 2.317; break off, end swiftly, 12.699; hasten away, 4.565; n. (sc. sē), fall headlong, 6.351; descend swiftly, 2.9; run down, 4.251. (praeceps)

laetitia, ae, f.: joy, 1.514, et al. (laetus)

exsultō, āvī, ātus, 1, intens. n.: to spring; move with bold or exulting strides, 2.470; 10.643; advance proudly, 10.550; bound, 12.688; rise, surge in billows, swell, 3.557; bubble, 7.464; pant, 5.137; exult, rejoice, triumph, 2.386. (exsiliō)

horrendum: (adv.), frightfully, fearfully, 6.288. (horreō)

intonō, uī, ātus 1, n. and a.: to thunder, 1.90; (impers.), intonat, it thunders, 2.693.

Athōs (acc. on, ōna), m.: a mountain in Macedonia on the Strymonian gulf, 12.701.

Eryx, ycis, m.: a mountain on the northwest coast of Sicily, 1.570. A Sicilian giant and king, son of Venus and Butes, and brother of Aeneas; slain by Hercules, 5.419.

coruscus, a, um: adj. (coruscō), vibrating, tremulous, waving, 12.701; flashing, 1.164; gleaming, 2.172.

fremō, uī, itus, 3, n. and a.: to make a murmuring noise; to roar, 1.56; whinny, neigh, 12.82; raise lamentations, 6.175; whiz, 12.922; resound, 4.668; rage, 5.19; to be fierce, furious, 4.229; fume, rave, 12.535; shout and sing, 4.146; a., rage, rave for, clamor for, 11.453, et al.; ore fremere, applaud, shout applause, 5.385; p., fremēns, entis, raging, 4.229.

īlex, icis, f.: the holm-oak, scarlet oak, ilex, 6.180.

nivālis, e: adj. (nix), snowy; snow-covered, 7.675; snowy, 3.538.

vertex, icis, m.: a whirl; whirlpool, 7.567; vortex, 1.117; whirling column of flame, 12.673; the top, crown of the head, the head, 1.403; summit, top, 1.163; mountain summit, height, 3.679; ā vertice, from on high, from above, 1.114. (vertō)

attollō, 3, a.: to lift or raise up, throw, cast up, 3.574; rear, build, 2.185; (fig.), to rouse, excite, 2.381; with se, lift one’s self or itself, 4.690; come into view, appear, 3.205; (fig.), arise, be exalted, 4.49; (pass.), attollī, to rise, 5.127. (ad and tollō)

Appennīnus, ī, m.: the Apennines, the great mountain chain of Italy, 12.703.

Rutulī, ōrum, m.: the Rutulians, an ancient tribe of Latium dwelling south of the Tiber, 1.266, et al.

certātim: (adv.), with striving or contention; emulously, vying one with another; with every blow, 2.628; emulously, 3.290; impatiently, 11.486; as if in rivalry; fiercely, 11.209. (certō)

Trōes, m.: (subst.), the Trojans, 1.30, et al. (Tros, one of the kings of Troy)

Italī, ōrum, m.: the Italians, 1.109. (Ītalia)

pulsō, āvī, ātus, 1, intens. a. and n.: to beat much; batter, buffet, 5.460; strike, 6.647; lash, 3.555; beat with the hoofs, dash along, 11.660; violate, insult, 12.286; pulsate, throb, 5.138; rebound, 4.313. (pellō)

ariēs, ietis (oblique cases often trisyll. aryetis, etc.), m.: a ram, freq.; a military engine, a battering ram, 2.492.

dēpōnō, posuī, positus, 3, a.: to put down or aside; recline, 7.108; put off, from, put on shore, 5.751; lay down, lay, 6.632; lay aside, dismiss, banish, 2.76; (pass., of sickness), to be laid down, dying, despaired of, 12.395.

umerus, ī, m.: the upper bone of the arm; the shoulder, 1.501, and freq.

stupeō, uī, 2, n. and a.: to be amazed or dazed; to be bewildered, confounded, lost in wonder, 1.495; wonder at, 2.31.

Latīnus, ī, m.: Latinus, a king of Latium, whose capital was Laurentum, and whose daughter, Lavinia, became the wife of Aeneas, 6.891, et al. (Latium)

coeō, coīvī or coiī, coitus, coīre, irreg. n. and a.: to go or come together, assemble, 7.582; come together in conflict, join battle; of the blood, stand still, congeal, curdle, 3.30; come to terms, form a compact, 7.317; coīre in ūnum, to come to one place, unite, concentrate, combine, 9.801, et al.

prōcursus, ūs, m.: a running forward, onward course, career, 12.379; charge, onset, 12.711. (prōcurrō)

rapidus, a, um: adj. (rapiō), that tears away; violent, fierce; swiftly moving, rapid, 1.42; speedy, quick, prompt, 5.513.

coniciō, iēcī, iectus, 3, a.: to throw together; pile up, 5.662; throw, cast, hurl, 2.545; turn, 12.483. (com- and iaciō)

ēminus: (adv.), from afar, at a distance, 10.346. (ē and manus)

hasta, ae, f.: a spear, 2.50, and freq.; hasta pūra, a headless spear, 6.760; pampinea hasta, a thyrsus, 7.396.

invādō, vāsī, vāsus, 3, a. and n.: to go into; enter, 3.382; enter upon, 6.260; invade, violate, 6.623; rush into, 12.712; attack, assail, 2.414; address, accost, 4.265; undertake, adventure, 9.186.

Mārs (archaic form, Māvors), Mārtis: Mars, son of Jupiter and Juno; the patron of war and tutelar god of the Romans, 1.274, et al.; (meton.), martial spirit, courage, warlike fury, 6.165; battle, conflict, 2.335, et al.

clipeus, ī, m., and clipeum, ī, n.: a round shield; a shield, 2.227, et al.

sonōrus, a, um: adj. (sonor), loud-sounding; roaring, 1.53; ringing, resounding, 12.712.

gemitus, ūs, m.: a groaning; a groan, 3.39, et al.; sigh, 1.485; lamentation, 2.486; cry, 2.413; noise, roaring, 3.555. (gemō)

crēber, bra, brum: (adj.), repeated, frequent, 2.731; coming thick and fast, 11.611; blowing fresh; fresh, 5.764; abounding in, full of, 1.85.

ēnsis, is, m.: a sword, 2.393, et al.; knife, 2.155.

congeminō, āvī, ātus, 1, a. and n.: to redouble, repeat, 12.714; multiply, multiply blows with, 11.698.

ūnus, a, um (gen. ūnīus, dat. ūnī): (num. adj.), one, 2.527, et al.; one alone, a single one (emphatically), 1.47; only, alone, 9.544; one in particular, 5.704; with a comparative, 1.15; with a superl., 2.426; with ante aliōs, 3.321; common, 5.308; one and the same, at once, 10.871; pl., one, 2.642; ad ūnum, to a man, without exception, utterly, 5.687; in ūnum, in one, together, 12.714; (adv.), ūnā, in one place or at one time, together with, at once, at the same time, 3.634, et al.; with -que following, 11.864.

atque, or ac: (conj.), and in addition, or and besides; and, as well, and indeed, and, 1.575; freq.; even, 2.626; in comparisons, as, 4.90; than, 3.561.

Sīla, ae, f.: an extensive forest in the country of the Bruttii in Southern Italy, 12.715.

Taburnus, ī, m.: a ridge of the Apennines south of Caudium, 12.715.

taurus, ī, m.: a bull, steer, ox, bullock, 2.202, et al.

incurrō, currī or cucurrī, cursus, 3, n.: to run into or against; rush upon, charge, 2.409; 11.759.

pavidus, a, um: adj. (paveō, fear), trembling, alarmed, terror-stricken, 2.489; solicitous, trembling with expectation, eager, 5.575.

mūtus, a, um: (adj.), speechless, dumb, mute, 12.718; not spoken or heard of; unfamed, humble, 12.397.

mussō, āvī, ātus, 1, intens. n. and a.: to speak low; mutter, complain, 11.454; whisper, hesitate, or fear to speak out, 11.345; waver, 12.657; to low faintly, 12.718. (mūtiō, mutter)

iuvencus, a, um: adj. (iuvenis), young; subst., iuvencus, ī, m., a young bullock, 3.247, et al.; iuvenca, ae, f., a heifer, 8.208, et al.

imperitō, āvī, ātus, 1, intens. a. and n.: to command, govern, rule, 12.719. (imperō)

armentum, ī, n.: collective (arō), beasts used for plowing; cattle, 2.499, et al.; of all kinds of animals, a herd, drove; of deer, 1.185; of horses, 3.540.

obnītor, nīxus or nīsus sum, 3, dep. n.: to press, push against, w. dat., 12.105; without an object, push, 4.406; struggle, resist, 4.332; bear up, 5.21; strive, strike against, 5.206.

īnfīgō, fīxī, fīxus, 3, a.: to fasten in or upon, w. dat. or abl., 1.45, et al; thrust, 12.721; p., īnfīxus, a, um, thrust deeply, deep, 4.689.

largus, a, um: (adj.), ample; spacious, expansive, 6.640; plentiful, copious, flowing, 1.465; bountiful, free, 10.619; w. gen., lavish, 11.338.

collum, ī, n.: the neck of men and animals, 1.654, et al.; of a plant, 9.436; pl., the neck, 11.692.

armus, ī, m.: the shoulder, strictly at the shoulder blade; of beasts, shoulder, 11.497; flank, side, 6.881; of men, the shoulder, 11.644

lavō, lāvī, lautus, and lōtus, 1 and 3, a. and n.: to wash, bathe, 3.663; wet, sprinkle, 6.227; p., lautus, a, um, washed; neat, elegant; stately, magnificent, 8.361.

remūgiō, 4, n.: to bellow again or loudly; resound, reëcho, 6.99, et al.

Trōs, ōis, m.: Trojan, 6.52, et al. (Tros, one of the kings of Troy)

Daunius, a, um: adj. (Daunus), pertaining to Daunus, father or ancestor of Turnus; Daunian, 12.785.

hērōs, ōis, m.: a demigod; a hero, 6.192, et al.; an illustrious man, champion, hero, 5.453.

concurrō, currī (rarely cucurrī), cursus, 3, n.: to run together or at once; crowd around, 12.297; rush, 2.315; rush to conflict, 7.224; rush against a foe; (with dat.), engage, encounter, 1.493.

fragor, ōris, m.: breaking, the noise of breaking; a crash; noise; a burst or clap of thunder, 2.692; roaring, uproar, 1.154; shout, 5.228; noise of lamentation, 11.214. (frangō)

compleō, ēvī, ētus, 2, a.: to fill up; fill, 2.20; complete, 5.46; fulfill, 9.108.

Iuppiter, Iovis, m.: Jupiter, son of Saturn and Rhea, and king of the gods, 1.223; Iuppiter Stygius, Pluto, 4.638.

aequō, āvī, ātus, 1, a. and n.: to make equal in size, number, weight, etc., 1.193; 5.419; to equalize, divide equally, 1.508; make equal in length, 9.338; in height, raise to, 4.89; to equal, be equal to; to be as high as, on a level with; keep pace with, 6.263; return equally, requite, 6.474; lift, exalt, 11.125; p., aequātus, a, um, made equal or even; steady, 4.587. (aequus)

exāmen, inis, n.: 1. A multitude; swarm, 7.67. 2. The tongue or indicator of the scales or balances; the index, 12.725. (ex and agō).

lanx, lancis, f.: a broad dish or plate; a charger, platter, 8.284; pl., lancēs, the basins of weighing scales; scales, 12.725.

vergō, 3, a. and n.: to incline; go down, sink, 12.727.

lētum, ī, n.: death, destruction, 2.134, et al. (cf. dēleō)

ēmicō, uī, ātus, 1, n.: to leap, spring forth, 6.5; to dart, bound, or spring upward, 2.175; run, rush, dart forward, 5.319.

impūne: (adv.), without punishment or retribution; with impunity, 3.628; without harm, 12.559. (impūnis, unpunished)

altē: (adv.), aloft, on high; high, 1.337; high up; deeply, deep; comp., altius, higher. (altus)

cōnsurgō, surrēxī, surrēctus, 3, n.: to rise together, rise up; rise at once, 8.110; rise, 5.20; rise or spring to the oars, ply, 10.299.

feriō, 4, a.: to smite or strike, 1.103; cut, 4.580; pierce, 12.304; slay, 10.315; strike or slay the covenant victim; hence, of a treaty, to make, 10.154.

exclāmō, āvī, ātus, 1, n. and a.: to call or cry out, 2.733.

trepidus, a, um: (adj.), agitated, uneasy, disturbed, trembling, affrighted, 2.380; excited, tumultuous, 11.300; confused, in disorder, 10.283; alarmed, fearful of, anxious for, w. gen., 12.589; panic-stricken, 12.583.

Latīnī, ōrum, m.: the people of Latium; the Latins, 12.823, et al.

arrigō, rēxī, rēctus, 3, a.: to raise up; erect; bristle up, 10.726; (fig.), to excite, rouse; p., arrēctus, a, um, standing up, rising; erect, 5.426; bristling, 11.754; attentive, 1.152; animated, roused, encouraged, 1.579; ardent, intent; intense, 5.138; in fearful expectation, 12.731. (ad and regō)

ambō, ae, ō: (adj.), both, 1.458.

perfidus, a, um: adj. (per and fidēs), violating one's faith; faithless, perfidious, treacherous, 4.305; of things, disappointing; deceptive, treacherous, 12.731.

ārdēns, entis: burning, hot, sparkling, flaming, 5.637; bright, 4.482; impassioned, ardent, eager, 1.423; spirited, fiery, 1.472; glowing, lofty, 6.130; fierce, furious, 2.529; angry, 6.467. (ardeo)

subsidium, iī, n.: that which remains behind; a reserve; support; relief, 10.214; aid, 12.733. (sub and cf. sedeō)

subeō, iī, itus (p. subiēns, euntis), 4, n. and a.: to go or come under, into, or up to; alone, or with acc. and prep., or with dat.; without a case, come up, 2.216; go under, bend, stoop down under, 10.522; come after; follow, 2.725; take one's place, 12.471; enter, 1.171; come into or upon the mind, suggest itself, occur, 2.560; with acc. and prep., go, advance towards, 8.359; with dat., come or go up to, down to, into, 5.203; succeed to, 5.176; come after, follow, 10.371; with acc., approach, enter, 1.400; go under a burden, bear, with abl. of instrument, 2.708; go under the yoke, draw, 3.113; enter the mind of, strike, occur to, 9.757; approach, reach, 3.512; approach, 7.22; meet, encounter, 10.798; attack, 9.344.

ōcior, ius: adj. comp. (superl., ōcissimus, a, um), swifter, more fleet, 5.319, et al.; (adv.), ōcius, more swiftly; rapidly, speedily, quickly, swiftly, 12.681.

Eurus, ī, m.: the southeast wind, 1.85, et al.; wind, 1.383, et al.

capulus, ī, m.: the handle; hilt, 2.553. (capiō),

ignōtus, a, um: (adj.), unknown, 1.359; strange, 5.795; not well known, but little known, 11.527.

inermis, e: unarmed; helpless, defenseless, 1.487, et al.

praeceps, cipitis: adj. (prae and caput), head foremost; headlong, 2.307; deep, 11.888; hurried, hasty, quick, speedy, 4.573; flying, running swiftly, 2.516; 3.598; rash, impetuous, fiery, 9.685; prolept., ready to sink, 10.232; subst., praeceps, n., a steep, precipice, verge, 2.460; in praeceps, headlong; downwards, 6.578.

cōnscendō, scendī, scēnsus, 3, a. and n.: to ascend, climb, 1.180; mount, 12.736; embark on, 1.381. (com- and scandō, climb)

patrius, a, um: adj. (pater), pertaining to one's father or ancestors; a father's, 2.658; paternal, natural to a father, 1.643; exacted by a father, 7.766; due to, felt for a father or parent, 9.294; ancestral, hereditary, 3.249; of one's country, native, 3.281; belonging to the nation, of the country, 11.374.

mūcrō, ōnis, m.: a sharp point or edge, esp. of a weapon, 2.333; point of a spear, 11.817; a sword, blade, 2.449.

trepidō, āvī, ātus, 1, n. and a.: to be in trepidation, alarm or panic, 10.788; to hurry, hasten to and fro or about, 2.685; to hasten (with inf.), 9.114; to strive nervously, make trembling effort, 12.403. (trepidus)

aurīga, ae, m.: a charioteer, 5.146; a groom, 12.85.

Metiscus, ī, m.: the charioteer of Turnus, 12.469, et al.

pālor, ātus sum, 1, dep. n.: to wander about, wander, 9.21; go astray; straggle, retreat, flee, 5.265.

Teucrī, ōrum, m.: the Trojans, descendants of Teucer, 1.38, et al.; adj., Teucrian, Trojan, 9.779, et al. (Teucer)

sufficiō, fēcī, fectus, 3, a. and n.: to make or produce underneath or within anything; dye; tinge, suffuse, 2.210; raise up, produce; supply, lend, afford, 2.618; to be adequate to, sufficient for; strong enough, able, 5.22. (sub and faciō)

Vulcānius, a, um: adj. (Vulcānus), pertaining to Vulcan; forged or wrought by Vulcan, 12.739, et al.; of fire or flame, 10.408.

veniō, vēnī, ventus: to come, freq.; come forth; approach, 6.755; rise, appear, 1.353; dawn, 10.241; to present one's self or itself, 5.344; descend, spring from, 5.373; impers., ventum est, we, they came or have come, 4.151.

glaciēs, ēī, f.: ice, 4.251, et al.

ceu: (adv. and conj.), as, just as, 5.88; as if, 2.438, et al. (ce-ve)

futtilis, e: adj. (fundō), vain, weak, foolish, 11.339; brittle, treacherous, 12.740.

dissiliō, uī, 4, n.: to spring apart; burst asunder; be rent asunder, 3.416; break in twain, 12.741. (dis- and saliō)

fulvus, a, um: (adj.), reddish or tawny yellow; yellow, 5.374; tawny, 2.722; brown, 11.751; glowing, bright, 12.792.

resplendeō, 2, n.: to shine brightly; glitter, 12.741.

frāgmen, inis, n.: a fracture; a piece broken off, fragment, 9.569. (frangō)

harēna, ae, f.: sand, 1.112; sandy shore, strand, 1.540; sandy ground, arena; space for races; an arena, 5.336.

āmēns, entis: out of one’s mind or senses; amazed, beside one’s self, frantic, mad, furious, 2.314; 4.203; distracted, 3.307.

incertus, a, um: (adj.), uncertain, 2.740; wavering; fickle, 2.39; doubtful, 3.7; undistinguished, base, 11.341.

implicō, āvī or uī, ātus or itus, 1, a.,: to fold in; involve, entangle, entwine, 2.215; to wheel, 12.743; (w. dat.), bind to, 11.555; infuse, 1.660; insinuate, mingle, 7.355; sē implicāre, cling to, 2.724.

dēnsus, a, um: (adj.), thick, dense, crowded, compact, in close array, serried, 2.383; frequent, 5.459.

inclūdō, clūsī, clūsus, 3, a.: to shut in, inclose, 6.680; secrete, 2.19; for interclūdō, stop, choke, 7.534; to mount, set, inlay, adorn, 12.211. (1. in and claudō)

corōna, ae, f.: a crown, 1.655; wreath, garland, 3.525; a crowd or throng; a circle of defenders on a rampart; a garrison, 9.508; a circle or crowd of assailants, 9.551.

vāstus, a, um: (adj.), empty, void, wild, waste, 9.323; vast, unbounded, 1.118; huge, enormous, immense, 3.647; deep-, vast-, sounding, 1.245.

palūs, ūdis, f.: a marsh, swamp, moor, fen, 6.107; water, 6.414; pond, lake, 8.88.

arduus, a, um: (adj.), steep; erect, high, raised high, 2.475; 5.480; lofty, towering, 2.328; rearing, 11.638.