Tandem ductōrēs audītā caede suōrum

conveniunt Teucrī, Mnēstheus ācerque Serestus,

pālantīsque vident sociōs hostemque receptum.780

et Mnēstheus: 'Quō deinde fugam, quō tenditis?' inquit.

'Quōs aliōs mūrōs, quaeve ultrā moenia habētis?

Ūnus homō et vestrīs, ō cīvēs, undique saeptus

aggeribus tantās strāgēs impūne per urbem

ēdiderit? iuvenum prīmōs tot mīserit Orcō?785

Nōn īnfēlīcis patriae veterumque deōrum

et māgnī Aenēae, sēgnēs, miseretque pudetque?'

Tālibus accēnsī fīrmantur et agmine dēnsō

cōnsistunt. Turnus paulātim excēdere pūgnā

et fluvium petere ac partem quae cingitur undā.790

ācrius hōc Teucrī clāmōre incumbere māgnō

et glomerāre manum, ceu saevum turba leōnem

cum tēlīs premit īnfēnsīs; at territus ille,

asper, acerba tuēns, retrō redit et neque terga

īra dare aut virtūs patitur, nec tendere contrā795

ille quidem hōc cupiēns potis est per tēla virōsque.

haud aliter retrō dubius vestīgia Turnus

improperāta refert et mēns exaestuat īrā.

Quīn etiam bis tum mediōs invāserat hostīs,

bis cōnfūsa fugā per mūrōs agmina vertit;800

sed manus ē castrīs properē coit omnis in ūnum

nec contrā vīrīs audet Sātūrnia Iūnō

sufficere; āeriam caelō nam Iuppiter Īrim

dēmīsit germānae haud mollia iussa ferentem,

nī Turnus cēdat Teucrōrum moenibus altīs.805

Ergō nec clipeō iuvenis subsistere tantum

nec dextrā valet, iniectīs sīc undique tēlīs

obruitur. strepit adsiduō cava tempora circum

tinnītū galea et saxīs solida aera fatīscunt

discussaeque iubae, capitī nec sufficit umbō810

ictibus; ingeminant hastīs et Trōes et ipse

fulmineus Mnēstheus. Tum tōtō corpore sūdor

līquitur et piceum (nec respīrāre potestās)

flūmen agit, fessōs quatit aeger anhēlitus artūs.

Tum dēmum praeceps saltū sēse omnibus armīs815

in fluvium dedit. ille suō cum gurgite flāvō

accēpit venientem ac mollibus extulit undīs

et laetum sōciīs ablūtā caede remīsit.

    CORE VOCABULARY

    ductor, ōris, m.: a leader, 1.189; captain, commander, 5.133; prince, king, 9.691. (dūcō)

    Teucrī, ōrum, m.: the Trojans, descendants of Teucer, 1.38, et al.; adj., Teucrian, Trojan, 9.779, et al. (Teucer)

    Mnestheus, and Menestheus, eī and eos, m.: Mnestheus, one of the Trojan chiefs under Aeneas, 5.117; 10.129, et al.

    Serestus, ī, m.: a companion of Aeneas, 1.611, et al.

    pālor, ātus sum, 1, dep. n.: to wander about, wander, 9.21; go astray; straggle, retreat, flee, 5.265.

    ō: (interj. expressing joy, grief, astonishment, desire, or indignation), O! oh! ah! w. voc., 2.281, et al.; w. sī and the subj., oh that, 11.415; sometimes placed after the word to which it relates, 2.281.

    saepiō, saepsī, saeptus, 4, a.: to fence in; inclose, surround, 1.506; envelop, 1.411. (saepēs, inclosure)

    agger, eris, m.: materials gathered to form an elevation; a heap of earth or stones, dike, embankment, bank, 1.112; 2.496; heap of earth, 9.567; top, summit, ridge, raised surface, 5.44, 273; a rampart, 9.769, et al.; a height or rising ground, 12.446; aggerēs, mountains, mountain ramparts, 6.830. (aggerō)

    strāgēs, is, f.: a prostrating; slaughter, havoc, carnage, 6.829, et al.; ēdere strāgem, to make havoc, 9.784. (cf. sternō)

    impūne: (adv.), without punishment or retribution; with impunity, 3.628; without harm, 12.559. (impūnis, unpunished)

    Orcus, ī, m.: Orcus, the lower world, Hades, 4.242; personif., the god of the lower world, Orcus, Dis, Pluto.

    īnfēlīx, īcis: (adj.), unlucky; unfortunate, luckless, unhappy, 1.475, et al.; sad, miserable, 2.772; of ill omen, ill-starred, ill-boding, fatal, 2.245; unfruitful.

    Aenēās, ae, m.: 1. A Trojan chief, son of Venus and Anchises, and hero of the Aeneid, 1.92. 2. Aenēās Silvius, one of the Alban kings, 6.769.

    sēgnis, e: (adj.), tardy, sluggish, dilatory, backward, 11.736; slothful, inactive, 3.513; mean-spirited, cowardly, 9.787; helpless, 10.700; (fig.), idle, exhausted; comp., sēgnior, less glorious, less divine, 4.149; less rapid, 7.383.

    misereō, uī, itus, 2, n., and misereor, itus sum, 2, dep. n.: to pity, commiserate, have compassion, 2.645; impers., miseret (mē, tē, etc.), w. genit. of the object of pity, it grieves me for, I pity, etc., 5.354. (miser)

    pudeō, uī, itus, 2, a. and n.: to be ashamed; to make ashamed; impers., pudet, puditum est, w. acc. of person, it shames one; one is ashamed, 5.196.

    accendō, ī, cēnsus, 3, a.: to set fire to, light up, enkindle, 5.4; enrage, exasperate, incense, 1.29; incite, rouse, 4.232. (ad and candō, rel. to candeō)

    fīrmō, āvī, ātus, 3, a.: to make firm or strong; make steady, assure, 3.659; to establish, mature; confirm, 2.691; ratify, 12.212; encourage, 3.611, secure, guard, 11.466. (fīrmus)

    dēnsus, a, um: (adj.), thick, dense, crowded, compact, in close array, serried, 2.383; frequent, 5.459.

    Turnus, ī, m.: the chief of the Rutulians, 7.56, et al.

    paulātim: (adv.), little by little; gradually, 1.720. (paulum)

    excēdō, cessī, cessus, 3, n.: to go out or away; depart, 6.737; flee from, 1.357; withdraw from, 5.380; retire, 9.789.

    fluvius, iī, m.: a stream; river, 1.607; water, fountains, abundant water; secundō fluviō, by the favoring stream, with or down the stream, 7.494. (fluō)

    atque, or ac: (conj.), and in addition, or and besides; and, as well, and indeed, and, 1.575; freq.; even, 2.626; in comparisons, as, 4.90; than, 3.561.

    ācriter: (adv.), sharply, fiercely; (comp.), ācrius, more vigorously.

    incumbō, cubuī, cubitus, 3, n.: to lay one's self upon; lean or recline upon; (w. dat.), lie on or stretch over, 2.205; fall upon, 1.84; bend to, ply, 5.15; hasten, urge, press on, 2.653; overhang, 2.514; press or bend toward, 5.325; (w. ad and acc.), lean, hang, incline, 8.236; absolute, bend to, urge on the work, 4.397.

    glomerō, āvī, atus, 1, a.: to gather into a ball or mass; roll, whirl, 3.577; collect; assemble, gather, 2.315; (pass.), glomerārī, in mid. signif., to throng, gather; troop, flock, 1.500. (glomus, ball)

    manus, ūs, f.: the hand, 1.487; freq.; (meton.), action, movement of the hand; work, art, handiwork, 3.486; prowess, heroic deed, action, 2.434; force, violence, 2.645; a collection of persons; a band, crew, troop; an army, 2.29; forces, 5.623; multitude, 6.660; pl., manūs, workmen, 11.329; dare manūs, to yield, 11.558; extrēma manus, the finishing hand or touch, 7.572.

    ceu: (adv. and conj.), as, just as, 5.88; as if, 2.438, et al. (ce-ve)

    leō, leōnis, m.: a lion, 2.722, et al.

    īnfēnsus, a, um: hostile, inimical, 5.587; fatal, destructive, 5.641; angry, furious, 2.72.

    at and ast: (conj., denoting addition either with the notion of difference, or of decided opposition), but, 1.46; yet, still, after conditional propositions; in adding new particulars, and in transitions, but also, but, now, 4.1; denoting indignation, with execration, 2.535.

    asper, era, erum: (adj.), rough, 2.379; rugged, craggy, jagged, 6.360; chased, embossed, 5.267; (fig.), of the weather, stormy, 2.110; of temperament, spirit, or nature, barbarous, 5.730; formidable, fierce, 1.14; full of strife, warlike, 1.291; cruel, stern, 6.882; angry, 1.279; bitter, 2.96; displeased, 8.365.

    acerbus, a, um: harsh, bitter, in taste; (fig.), cruel, fierce, 5.462; fatal, direful, sorrowful, sad, mournful, 5.49; 6.429; pl., acerba, ōrum, n., vengeful deeds, 12.500; (adv.), acerba, harshly, savagely, fiercely, 9.794.

    tueor, tuitus or tūtus sum, 2, dep. a.: to look at, gaze upon, behold, regard, 4.451, et al.; watch, guard, defend, maintain, protect, 1.564, et al.; p., tūtus, a, um, secure, safe; in safety, 1.243; sure, 4.373; subst., tūtum, ī, n., safety, place of safety, 1.391; pl., tūta, ōrum, safe places, safety, security, 11.882; adv., tūtō, with safety, safely, without danger, 11.381.

    retrō: (adv.), back, backwards, 2.753. (re-)

    redeō, īvī or iī, itus, īre, irreg. n.: to go, come back, return; retreat, 9.794.

    nec or neque: (adv. and conj.), and not; neither, nor, 1.643, et al.; in prohibition, 3.394, et al.; neque (nec) — neque (nec), neither — nor, 5.21, et al.; nec — et, or -que, may be rendered neither — nor, 12.801; 2.534; nec nōn, and also, nor less, 6.183; nec nōn et, and also, 1.707.

    contrā: (prep. and adv.; prep. w. acc.), over against; opposite to, 1.13; against, 5.370; to, 9.280; on the contrary, 12.779; on the other hand, in reply, 1.76.

    improperātus, a, um: (adj.), unhastened; delayed, delaying, 9.798.

    exaestuō, āvī, ātus, 1, n.: to boil up, foam up, rage, 3.577; to be agitated, to burn, 9.798.

    bis: (adv.), twice, 1.381. (in composition bi-)

    invādō, vāsī, vāsus, 3, a. and n.: to go into; enter, 3.382; enter upon, 6.260; invade, violate, 6.623; rush into, 12.712; attack, assail, 2.414; address, accost, 4.265; undertake, adventure, 9.186.

    cōnfūsus, a, um,: mingled, confused, promiscuous, 6.504; bewildered, confounded, 12.665. (cōnfundō)

    properē: (adv.), hastily, in haste, speedily, 6.236.

    coeō, coīvī or coiī, coitus, coīre, irreg. n. and a.: to go or come together, assemble, 7.582; come together in conflict, join battle; of the blood, stand still, congeal, curdle, 3.30; come to terms, form a compact, 7.317; coīre in ūnum, to come to one place, unite, concentrate, combine, 9.801, et al.

    Sāturnius, a, um: adj. (Sāturnus), belonging to Saturn; Saturnian; sprung from Saturn; Saturnian, 4.372; subst., Sāturnius, iī, m., the son of Saturn, 5.799; Sāturnia, ae, f., 1. Daughter of Saturn, Juno, 1.23; 2. The city of Saturnia, built by Saturn on the Capitoline hill, 8.358.

    Iūnō, ōnis, f.: Juno, the Sabine and Roman name for the wife and sister of Jupiter, daughter of Saturn, 1.4, et al.; Iūnō īnferna, the Juno of the lower world, Proserpine, 6.138.

    sufficiō, fēcī, fectus, 3, a. and n.: to make or produce underneath or within anything; dye; tinge, suffuse, 2.210; raise up, produce; supply, lend, afford, 2.618; to be adequate to, sufficient for; strong enough, able, 5.22. (sub and faciō)

    āerius, a, um: (adj.), pertaining to the air; airy, aërial, 5.520; rising into the air; towering, lofty, 3.291; air-cleaving, 9.803.

    Iuppiter, Iovis, m.: Jupiter, son of Saturn and Rhea, and king of the gods, 1.223; Iuppiter Stygius, Pluto, 4.638.

    Īris, idis, f., acc. Īrim: Iris, the goddess of the rainbow, daughter of Thaumas and Electra, and messenger of the gods above, 4.694, et al.

    dēmittō, mīsī, missus, 3, a.: to send down, 1.297; shed, 6.455; let down into, receive, admit, (of the mind or the senses), 4.428; consign, condemn, 2.85; convey, conduct, 5.29; transmit, hand down, 1.288; dēmittere mentem, to lose heart, sink into despair, 12.609.

    germānus, a, um: (adj.), of the same parentage; particularly, of the same father; own; subst., germānus, ī, m., own brother; brother, 1.341, et al.; germāna, ae, f., own sister; sister, 4.478.

    iussum, ī, n.: a thing ordered; command, injunction, order, 1.77, et al. (iubeō)

    clipeus, ī, m., and clipeum, ī, n.: a round shield; a shield, 2.227, et al.

    subsistō, stitī, 3, n. and a.: to stand after; halt, stand still, 2.243; wait, remain, 11.506; tarry, remain behind, 2.739; stop, 12.491; withstand, resist, hold out, 9.806.

    īniciō, iēcī, iectus, 3, a.: to cast or throw into, or upon, 6.366; hurl, 2.726; lay on, of the hand of Fate, 10.419. (1. in and iaciō)

    obruō, uī, utus, 3, a.: to cover over; bury; overwhelm, 1.69; overpower, 2.424; destroy, 5.692.

    strepō, uī, itus, 3, n. and a.: to make a noise; murmur, 6.709; of music, resound, 8.2; of arms, ring, rattle, clash, 10.568.

    adsiduus, a, um: adj. (adsideō), abiding by; persistent, constant, 4.447; perpetual, frequent, 9.245.

    cavus, a, um: (adj.), hollow, 1.81; concave, 8.599; arching, vaulted, 2.487; cavae manūs, the palms of the hands, 12.86.

    tempus, oris, n.: 1. Time in general, a period, time, 1.278; interval or space of time, 4.433; crisis, circumstance, juncture, 7.37; season, fitting time, opportunity, proper moment, 4.294; ex longō (tempore), in or for a long time, 9.64. 2. The temple of the forehead, 9.418; commonly pl., 2.684; of animals, 12.173.

    circum: (adv.), about, around; (prep. with acc.), around, about.

    tinnītus, ūs, m.: a jingling, rattling, jingle, clinking, 9.809. (tinniō, jingle)

    galea, ae, f.: a helmet, either of leather or of metal, 3.468, et al.

    solidus, a, um: (adj.), the whole, whole, entire, 6.253; massive, 2.765; solid, hard, 6.552; sound, unimpaired, 2.639.

    fatīscō, 3, inc. n.: to come apart; to open, 1.123; gape open, 9.809.

    discutiō, cussī, cussus, 3, a.: to shake off, strike off, 9.810; disperse, dissipate, dispel. (dis- and quatiō)

    iuba, ae, f.: the mane of a horse; of a serpent, 2.206; of a helmet, plume, crest, 2.412.

    umbō, ōnis, m.: the boss of a shield, 2.546; a shield, 7.633.

    ingeminō, āvī, ātus, 1, a. and n.: a., repeat; redouble, multiply, increase, 7.578; name often, 2.770; n., shout again and again, 1.747; reëcho, 5.227; flash often or continuously, 3.199; be redoubled, return, 4.531.

    hasta, ae, f.: a spear, 2.50, and freq.; hasta pūra, a headless spear, 6.760; pampinea hasta, a thyrsus, 7.396.

    Trōes, m.: (subst.), the Trojans, 1.30, et al. (Tros, one of the kings of Troy)

    fulmineus, a, um: adj. (fulmen), like lightning; gleaming, flashing, 4.580; like lightning (with his lightning darts), 9.812.

    tōtus, a, um: (adj.), the whole, total, entire, 1.128, et al.; tōtō corpore, with all one's strength, 12.920.

    sūdor, ōris, m.: sweat, 2.174. (sūdō)

    līquor, 3, dep. n.: to be in a liquid state; run, ooze, trickle, flow, 3.28; p., līquēns, entis, liquid, fluid, 1.432.

    piceus, a, um: adj. (pix), of pitch; smoking with pitch, pitchy, 9.75; pitch-black, 3.573.

    respīrō, āvī, ātus, 1, n.: to breathe again; to breathe, 9.813.

    quatiō, no perf., quassus, 3, a.: to shake, freq.; brandish, 11.767; flap, 3.226; shatter, 2.611; make tremble, 5.200; thrill, penetrate, 3.30; ransack, beat up, search, scour, 11.513; torment, 6.571; assault, 9.608; spur, 12.338.

    aeger, gra, grum: (adj.), indisposed; of the body, not well, suffering, sick, 5.651; wounded, 10.856; heavy, difficult, 5.432; feeble, 9.814; fainting, trembling, 5.468; wearied, exhausted, 2.566; of the mind, careworn, wretched, weary, sorrow-laden, 2.268; grieved, afflicted, desponding, oppressed, 1.208; heartbroken, 1.351; 4.389; of inanimate things, sickly, 3.142.

    anhēlitus, ūs, m.: hard-breathing; puffing, panting, 5.199. (anhēlō)

    artus, ūs, m.: a joint of the body of man or beast, 5.422; a limb, 2.173, et al.; part, member, 6.726; frame, body, 9.490. (generally in the pl., except in later writers)

    dēmum: (adv.), at length, at last, 1.629; at least, indeed, especially. (dē with n. superl. ending -mum, hence, perhaps meaning downmost)

    praeceps, cipitis: adj. (prae and caput), head foremost; headlong, 2.307; deep, 11.888; hurried, hasty, quick, speedy, 4.573; flying, running swiftly, 2.516; 3.598; rash, impetuous, fiery, 9.685; prolept., ready to sink, 10.232; subst., praeceps, n., a steep, precipice, verge, 2.460; in praeceps, headlong; downwards, 6.578.

    saltus, ūs, m.: a leap, bound, spring, 2.565; an ascending, 6.515. (saliō)

    gurges, itis, m.: a whirlpool, gulf, 3.421; flood, 2.497; wave, billow, 3.564; rolling, raging sea, abyss, 1.118; sea, ocean, 7.704.

    flāvus, a, um: (adj.), yellowish; yellow, 7.31; gold-tinted, golden, 1.592; 4.559; yellow-haired, golden-haired; pale green, 5.309.

    veniō, vēnī, ventus: to come, freq.; come forth; approach, 6.755; rise, appear, 1.353; dawn, 10.241; to present one's self or itself, 5.344; descend, spring from, 5.373; impers., ventum est, we, they came or have come, 4.151.

    extollō, 3, a.: to lift up; (fig.), laud, extol, 11.401.

    abluō, luī, lūtus, 3, a.: to wash away, 9.818; cleanse, purify, wash, 2.720.

    remittō, mīsī, missus, 3, a.: to let go back; send back, 2.543, et al.; send up, 5.99; repay, 4.436; yield up, resign, 10.828; give up, 11.346; forego, lay aside, 5.419; give back, reëcho, 12.929; sē remittere, to submit, yield, 12.833.

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    Suggested Citation

    Christopher Francese and Meghan Reedy, Vergil: Aeneid Selections. Carlisle, Pennsylvania: Dickinson College Commentaries, 2016. ISBN: 978-1-947822-08-5. https://dcc.dickinson.edu/vergil-aeneid/vergil-aeneid-ix-778-818