Chapter 17

τίνα βιοῖς τὸν τρόπον: "in what manner do you live?" (adv. acc. expressing manner: S. 1608).

ἐμαυτῷ τινα πόλιν ἀναπλάσας: "after fashioning for myself a certain city.” This is a clear reference to Plato's Republic where similar phrasing occurs in the discussion of the creation of the city: e.g., ἡνίκα ἐπλάττομεν τὴν πόλιν (374α5) “when we were fashioning the city.” Given that Plato is the ultimate creator of the ideal city, Plato's use of this verb might be a sly reference to his own name (Πλάτων, -ῶνος). Cf. Rep. 415a4 where we find ὁ θεὸς πλάττων  “the god who made (you).”

τῶν δογμάτων: for the partitive gen. after a numeral, see S. 1317.      

νομίζω: the verb here means "enact" as in when a legislator enacts laws (νομίζω LSJ A.2).      

μηδεμίαν αὐτῶν μηδενὸς εἶναι μόνου: "(namely that) no one of the women belongs to any single man.”  The infinitive (with its usual subject acc.) is here following a clause or sentence that merely suggests the idea of indirect statement (S. 2630).

παντὶ δὲ μετεῖναι τῷ βουλομένῳ τοῦ γάμου:  "but that everyone who so desires partake in a marriage,” This is continuing the same construction as in the previous clause (infinitive after the suggestion of indirect statement earlier in the sentence: S. 2630). 

ἀνῃρῆσθαι: perfect mid-pass. infin. from ἀναιρέω, destroy, rescind, or cancel (a law) (LSJ III).  τοῦτο seems to anticipate the idea of the next sentence and one must supply a form of φημί to be the main verb of the next sentence:  "Why do you say this? Do you mean that...? ” 

ἁπλῶς γε:  simply, "in a word." 

νὴ Δία "νὴ Δία  yes, by Zeus,” νή is a particle of strong affirmation which takes an acc. of the god invoked.”      

μικρολογία, -ας, ἡ  pettiness, hair-splitting, minutiae.  μικρολογίαν is the object of the verb "destroy" that you must supply from the previous sentence.

ξένῃ = "new, strange" (not "foreign")

ὃ ... μοι δοκεῖ: "that which seems best to me," i.e., what I believe. Need a note on this.

παίδων: need to make is clear that this is about boys/young men speciifically, not "children."