Forte ratis celsī coniuncta crepīdine saxī

expositīs stābat scālīs et ponte parātō,

quā rēx Clūsīnīs advectus Osīnius ōrīs.655

hūc sēsē trepida Aenēae fugientis imāgō

cōnicit in latebrās, nec Turnus sēgnior īnstat

exsuperatque morās et pontīs trānsilit altōs.

Vīx prōram attigerat, rumpit Sāturnia fūnem

āvulsamque rapit revolūta per aequora nāvem.660

Tum levis haud ultrā latebrās iam quaerit imāgō,663

sed sublīme volāns nūbī sē immiscuit ātrae,664

Illum autem Aenēās absentem in proelia poscit;661

obvia multa virum dēmittit corpora mortī,662

cum Turnum mediō intereā fert aequore turbō.665

Respicit ignārus rērum ingrātusque salūtis

et duplicīs cum vōce manūs ad sīdera tendit:

'Omnipotēns genitor, tantōn mē crīmine dīgnum

dūxistī et tālīs voluistī expendere poenās?

Quō feror? unde abiī? quae mē fuga quemve redūcit?670

Laurentīsne iterum mūrōs aut castra vidēbō?

Quid manus illa virum, quī mē meaque arma secūtī?

quōsque (nefās) omnīs īnfandā in morte relīquī

et nunc pālantīs videō, gemitumque cadentum

accipiō? quid agō? aut quae iam satis īma dehīscat675

terra mihī? Vōs ō potius miserēscite, ventī;

In rupēs, in saxa (volēns vōs Turnus adōrō)

ferte ratem saevīsque vadīs immittite syrtis,

quō nec mē Rutulī nec cōnscia fāma sequātur.'

Haec memorāns animō nunc hūc, nunc fluctuat illūc,680

an sēsē mūcrōne ob tantum dēdecus āmēns

induat et crūdum per costās exigat ēnsem,

fluctibus an iaciat mediīs et lītora nandō

curva petat Teucrumque iterum sē reddat in arma.

Ter cōnātus utramque viam, ter māxima Iūnō685

continuit iuvenemque animī miserāta repressit.

Lābitur alta secāns fluctūque aestūque secundō

et patris antīquam Daunī dēfertur ad urbem.

    CORE VOCABULARY

    ratis, is, f.: a raft, float; bark, boat, ship, 1.43, et al.

    celsus, a, um: adj. (cellō, rise), high, lofty, 1.56, et al.

    coniungō, iūnxī, iūnctus, 3, a.: to join together, clasp, 1.514; fasten, moor, 10.653; unite, ally, associate, 5.712.

    crepīdō, inis, f.: a base; a mound, bank; brow, edge (of a rock), 10.653.

    expōnō, posuī, positus (expostus), 3, a.: to put forth; plunge, 10.305; to land, 6.416; to put out or extend, 10.654; expose to, 10.694.

    scālae, ārum, f.: a ladder; scaling ladder, 2.442. (scandō)

    pōns, pontis, m.: a bridge; a bridge connecting battlements and towers, 9.530; gangway, bridge for embarking, 10.288.

    Clūsīnus, a, um: adj. (Clūsium), of Clusium, 10.655.

    advehō, vexī, vectus, 3, a.: to carry or convey to; (pass.), advehī, sail to, 1.558; 3.108; foll. by acc., 8.136.

    Osīnius, iī, m.: king of Clusium, 10.655.

    ōra, ae, f.: a margin, border, 12.924; coast, shore, 3.396; region, 2.91; rim, extremity, 10.477; pl., outline, compass, 9.528.

    trepidus, a, um: (adj.), agitated, uneasy, disturbed, trembling, affrighted, 2.380; excited, tumultuous, 11.300; confused, in disorder, 10.283; alarmed, fearful of, anxious for, w. gen., 12.589; panic-stricken, 12.583.

    Aenēās, ae, m.: 1. A Trojan chief, son of Venus and Anchises, and hero of the Aeneid, 1.92. 2. Aenēās Silvius, one of the Alban kings, 6.769.

    coniciō, iēcī, iectus, 3, a.: to throw together; pile up, 5.662; throw, cast, hurl, 2.545; turn, 12.483. (com- and iaciō)

    latebra, ae, f.: a hiding place; recess, lodgment, retreat, 12.389; usually in pl., latebrae, ārum, an ambuscade; covert, retreat; cavern, 3.424; recess, cavity, 2.38; the hatches of a ship, the hold, 10.657. (lateō)

    nec or neque: (adv. and conj.), and not; neither, nor, 1.643, et al.; in prohibition, 3.394, et al.; neque (nec) — neque (nec), neither — nor, 5.21, et al.; nec — et, or -que, may be rendered neither — nor, 12.801; 2.534; nec nōn, and also, nor less, 6.183; nec nōn et, and also, 1.707.

    Turnus, ī, m.: the chief of the Rutulians, 7.56, et al.

    sēgnis, e: (adj.), tardy, sluggish, dilatory, backward, 11.736; slothful, inactive, 3.513; mean-spirited, cowardly, 9.787; helpless, 10.700; (fig.), idle, exhausted; comp., sēgnior, less glorious, less divine, 4.149; less rapid, 7.383.

    īnstō, stitī, 1, n.: to stand on or upon; w. dat., acc., inf., or alone; w. dat., to stand on, 11.529; stand or hang over, 10.196; (w. acc.), to work at, ply work upon, 8.834; (w. inf.), urge on, press on, 1.423; persist, 10.118; (alone), to follow up, press on; pursue, 1.468; struggle, 12.783; be near at hand, approach, threaten, 12.916; to be urgent, important, incumbent, 4.115.

    exsuperō, āvī, ātus, 1, n. and a.: to be completely above; mount upward, rise on high, 2.759; pass by, 3.698; pass over, 11.905; surpass, excel, 12.20; overrule, 7.591; surmount, 10.658; of wrath, boil over, 12.46.

    trānsiliō, īvī, iī or uī, 4, n. and a.: to leap over; pass over, 10.658; fly through, 12.859. (trāns and saliō)

    prōra, ae, f.: the extreme forward part of a ship; the prow, 1.104.

    attingō, tigī, tāctus, 3, a.: to touch against; touch, grasp, 9.558; (fig.), attain, reach, arrive at, 5.797; come upon, overtake, 4.568. (ad and tangō)

    Sāturnius, a, um: adj. (Sāturnus), belonging to Saturn; Saturnian; sprung from Saturn; Saturnian, 4.372; subst., Sāturnius, iī, m., the son of Saturn, 5.799; Sāturnia, ae, f., 1. Daughter of Saturn, Juno, 1.23; 2. The city of Saturnia, built by Saturn on the Capitoline hill, 8.358.

    fūnis, is, m.: a rope, 2.239, et al.; cord, string, 5.488.

    āvellō, vellī or vulsī, vulsus, 3, a.: to pluck, or tear off, or away from, with acc. and abl., take away, steal, 2.165; to force away, 11.201; p., avulsus, a, um, torn from, 2.608; torn, rent, 3.575.

    revolvō, volvī, volūtus, 3, a.: to roll back, 5.336; (fig.), bring back, recall, repeat, 2.101; retrace, 9.391; go over again, suffer again, 10.61; turn, change again, 6.449; (pass.), revolvor, fall back, fall down, 9.476; p., revolūtus, a, um, rolling, 10.660; returning, following, 10.256.

    absum, āfuī or abfuī, āfutūrus or abfutūrus, abesse, irreg. n.: to be away; to be absent, 2.620; distant, 11.907; to be wanting, missing, 1.584; inf., āfore, or abfore, will be wanting, 8.147.

    obvius, a, um: adj. (ob and via), in the way; presenting one's self or itself; meeting, 1.314; against, 6.880; opposing, 9.56; in the way of; exposed to, 3.499; obvius fierī, to encounter, meet, 10.380.

    dēmittō, mīsī, missus, 3, a.: to send down, 1.297; shed, 6.455; let down into, receive, admit, (of the mind or the senses), 4.428; consign, condemn, 2.85; convey, conduct, 5.29; transmit, hand down, 1.288; dēmittere mentem, to lose heart, sink into despair, 12.609.

    sublīme: (adv.), loftily, aloft, on high, 10.664.

    volō, āvī, ātus, 1, n.: to fly, 1.300, et al.; of rumor, to be spread rapidly, noised or spread abroad, 3.121.

    nūbēs, is, f.: a cloud, 1.516, et al.; storm, 10.809; the air, 12.856; (fig.), flock, multitude, 7.705.

    immisceō, miscuī, mixtus or mistus, 2, a.: to mingle with; usually w. dat., 2.396; blend with, vanish in, 4.570.

    āter, tra, trum: (adj.), black; dark, gloomy, 1.60, et al.; smoky, lurid, 7.456; 4.384; clotted, dark, 3.622; soiled, blackened, 2.272; (fig.), sad, fatal, 6.429; venomous, deadly; of the odor of smoke, 12.591.

    intereā: (adv.), amid these things; meanwhile, in the meantime, 1.418, et al.

    turbō, inis, m.: a tornado, whirlwind; storm, tempest, 1.442; whirling cloud, 3.573; wind accompanying the lightning; lightning-blast, 1.45; 6.594; whirling or stormy force, 11.284, et al.; a whirling top, a child's top, 7.378. (cf. turba)

    ignārus, a, um: (adj.), not knowing; freq.; unaware, ignorant, 11.154; often w. genit., ignorant of, 1.630; unsuspicious of, 2.106; unconscious, 9.345; not knowing the land; (pass.), unknown, a stranger, 10.706.

    duplex, icis: adj. (duo and plicō), twofold, double, 1.655; lying over each other, lapping, 9.707; both, 1.93; twin, 12.198.

    manus, ūs, f.: the hand, 1.487; freq.; (meton.), action, movement of the hand; work, art, handiwork, 3.486; prowess, heroic deed, action, 2.434; force, violence, 2.645; a collection of persons; a band, crew, troop; an army, 2.29; forces, 5.623; multitude, 6.660; pl., manūs, workmen, 11.329; dare manūs, to yield, 11.558; extrēma manus, the finishing hand or touch, 7.572.

    omnipotēns, entis: adj. (omnis and potēns), all-powerful, almighty, 1.60; supreme, sovereign, 10.1; subst., The Almighty, 4.220.

    genitor, ōris, m.: he who begets; father, sire, 1.155, et al. (gignō)

    expendō, pendī, pēnsus, 3, a.: to weigh out; (fig.), pay; suffer, 6.740; expiate, 2.229.

    abeō, īvī, or iī, itus, īre, irreg. n.: to go away, depart, 2.675; go off, go aside, turn off, 5.162; pass into, sink into, 9.700; go forward, take the lead, 5.318; retreat, 2.382; change or be transformed.

    redūcō, dūxī, ductus, 3, a.: to lead, bring back; restore, 1.143; return, 9.257; draw back, 5.478; rescue, 4.375.

    Laurēns, entis: adj. (Laurentum), of Laurentum, the ancient capital of Latium; Laurentine, Laurentian, 5.797, et al., subst., Laurentēs, um, pl. m., the Laurentians, 7.63, et al.

    īnfandus, a, um: (adj.), not to be uttered; unutterable, inexpressible, unspeakable, 4.85; cruel, 1.525; dreadful, horrible, 10.673; accursed, perfidious, 4.613; fatal, 2.132; neut., in exclamations, īnfandum! O shame, O woe unutterable! 1.251; pl., īnfanda, as(adv.), 8.489.

    pālor, ātus sum, 1, dep. n.: to wander about, wander, 9.21; go astray; straggle, retreat, flee, 5.265.

    gemitus, ūs, m.: a groaning; a groan, 3.39, et al.; sigh, 1.485; lamentation, 2.486; cry, 2.413; noise, roaring, 3.555. (gemō)

    dehīscō, hīvī, 3, n.: to gape, yawn, 1.106; stand open, open, 6.52.

    ō: (interj. expressing joy, grief, astonishment, desire, or indignation), O! oh! ah! w. voc., 2.281, et al.; w. sī and the subj., oh that, 11.415; sometimes placed after the word to which it relates, 2.281.

    potius: (adv.), preferably; rather, 3.654. (potis)

    miserēscō, 3, inc. n.: to feel pity, alone, or w. genit., 2.145; 8.573. (misereō)

    rūpēs, is, f.: a rock, cliff, crag, ledge, freq.; quarry, 1.429. (rumpō)

    volēns, entis: willing, ready, unresisting, spontaneously, 6.146.

    adōrō, āvī, ātus, 1, a.: to pray to; supplicate, worship, adore, 1.48.

    vadum, ī, n.: a ford; a shallow, shoal, 1.112; sand-bank, 10.303; shallow water, 11.628; bottom, depth, 1.126; water, tide, stream, 6.320; water of the sea, 5.158; wave, sea, 7.198.

    immittō, mīsī, missus, 3, a.: to send upon or to; drive to, 6.312; bring upon, 4.488; let in, 2.495; let fly, go, loosen, 6.1; hurl, fling, cast, 11.562; (with sē), rush into, 6.262; p., immissus, a, um, of the reins of horses, let loose; hence, (fig.), swiftly running, 5.146; unchecked, unbridled, 5.662; of the hair or beard, descending, left growing, neglected, long, 3.593.

    syrtis, is, f.: a sand-bank or shoal in the sea; esp., Syrtis Maior and Syrtis Minor, on the northern coast of Africa, 4.41; a sand-bank, shoal, 1.111.

    Rutulī, ōrum, m.: the Rutulians, an ancient tribe of Latium dwelling south of the Tiber, 1.266, et al.

    cōnscius, a, um: adj. (com- and sciō), having complete knowledge; conscious, 5.455; conscious of, 2.141; conscious of guilt, guilty, 2.99; witnessing (w. dat.), 4.167; having knowledge in common, or a mutual understanding; confederate, 2.267.

    memorō, āvī, ātus, 1, a.: to call to memory; mention, rehearse, relate, 1.8; say, speak, 3.182; name, 1.327; mention proudly, boast of, 5.392. (memor)

    fluctuō, āvī, ātus, 1, n.: to wave, fluctuate; (fig.), toss, 4.532; rage, boil, 12.527. (fluctus)

    mūcrō, ōnis, m.: a sharp point or edge, esp. of a weapon, 2.333; point of a spear, 11.817; a sword, blade, 2.449.

    dēdecus, oris, n.: dishonor, disgrace, shame, 10.681.

    āmēns, entis: out of one’s mind or senses; amazed, beside one’s self, frantic, mad, furious, 2.314; 4.203; distracted, 3.307.

    induō, uī, ūtus, 3, a.: to put into; put on, assume, 1.684; clothe; surround, crown, 3.526; pierce, slay, 10.682; (pass. as middle, w. acc.), gird one's self with, put on, 2.393; induere in vultūs, transform to the features, 7.20.

    crūdus, a, um: (adj.), bloody, raw; of untanned hide, of raw hide, 5.69; covered with blood, bloody, 12.507; fresh, strong, vigorous, 6.304; rough, green, 9.743; deadly, cruel, fatal, 10.682.

    costa, ae, f.: a rib, 1.211; side.

    ēnsis, is, m.: a sword, 2.393, et al.; knife, 2.155.

    nō, nāvī, nātus, 1, n.: to swim, 1.118.

    curvus, a, um: (adj.), curved, bent, bending, 2.51; winding, 2.748; crooked.

    Teucrī, ōrum, m.: the Trojans, descendants of Teucer, 1.38, et al.; adj., Teucrian, Trojan, 9.779, et al. (Teucer)

    ter: (num. adv.), thrice, three times, 1.94, et al. (trēs)

    Iūnō, ōnis, f.: Juno, the Sabine and Roman name for the wife and sister of Jupiter, daughter of Saturn, 1.4, et al.; Iūnō īnferna, the Juno of the lower world, Proserpine, 6.138.

    miseror, ātus sum, 1, dep. a.: to express, manifest, or feel pity for; compassionate, pity, 1.597. (miser)

    reprimō, pressī, pressus, 3, a.: to press back; stop, restrain, withhold, check, arrest, 2.378. (re- and premō)

    lābor, lapsus sum, 3, dep. n.: to slide, glide down, or slip, freq.; fall down, 2.465; ebb, 11.628; pass away, 2.14; descend, 2.262; glide, sail, skim along, 8.91; flow, 3.281; fall, perish, 2.430; decline, 4.318; faint, 3.309.

    altum, ī, n.: the deep; the lofty; the deep sea, the main, the deep, 1.3; the sky, heaven, air, 1.297; from far, far-fetched, remote, 8.395. (altus)

    secō, secuī, sectus, 1, a.: to cut, freq.; cut off, 4.704; engrave, carve, 3.464; cut through, cleave, 5.218, et al.; of the channel of a river, 8.63; sail through, pass, 8.96; speed, 6.899; shape out mentally, form, 10.107.

    aestus, ūs, m.: glowing heat; summer; a boiling; a billowy motion; waves of flame, flames, 2.706; wave, surge, 1.107; tide, sea, flood, 3.419; tide (of feeling), agitation, 4.532.

    Daunus, ī, m.: a mythic king of part of Apulia, father-in-law of Diomedes, and father of Turnus, 10.616.

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    Suggested Citation

    Christopher Francese and Meghan Reedy, Vergil: Aeneid Selections. Carlisle, Pennsylvania: Dickinson College Commentaries, 2016. ISBN: 978-1-947822-08-5. https://dcc.dickinson.edu/zh-hans/vergil-aeneid/vergil-aeneid-x-653-688