Hic mentem Aeneae genetrix pulcherrima misit

iret ut ad muros urbique aduerteret agmen555

ocius et subita turbaret clade Latinos.

ille ut uestigans diuersa per agmina Turnum

huc atque huc acies circumtulit, aspicit urbem

immunem tanti belli atque impune quietam.

continuo pugnae accendit maioris imago:560

Mnesthea Sergestumque uocat fortemque Serestum

ductores, tumulumque capit quo cetera Teucrum

concurrit legio, nec scuta aut spicula densi

deponunt. celso medius stans aggere fatur:

'ne qua meis esto dictis mora, Iuppiter hac stat,565

neu quis ob inceptum subitum mihi segnior ito.

urbem hodie, causam belli, regna ipsa Latini,

ni frenum accipere et uicti parere fatentur,

eruam et aequa solo fumantia culmina ponam.

scilicet exspectem libeat dum proelia Turno570

nostra pati rursusque uelit concurrere uictus?

hoc caput, o ciues, haec belli summa nefandi.

ferte faces propere foedusque reposcite flammis.'

dixerat, atque animis pariter certantibus omnes

dant cuneum densaque ad muros mole feruntur;575

scalae improuiso subitusque apparuit ignis.

discurrunt alii ad portas primosque trucidant,

ferrum alii torquent et obumbrant aethera telis.

ipse inter primos dextram sub moenia tendit

Aeneas, magnaque incusat uoce Latinum580

testaturque deos iterum se ad proelia cogi,

bis iam Italos hostis, haec altera foedera rumpi.

exoritur trepidos inter discordia ciuis:

urbem alii reserare iubent et pandere portas

Dardanidis ipsumque trahunt in moenia regem;585

arma ferunt alii et pergunt defendere muros,

inclusas ut cum latebroso in pumice pastor

uestigauit apes fumoque impleuit amaro;

illae intus trepidae rerum per cerea castra

discurrunt magnisque acuunt stridoribus iras;590

uoluitur ater odor tectis, tum murmure caeco

intus saxa sonant, uacuas it fumus ad auras.

    CORE VOCABULARY

    Aenēās, ae, m.: 1. A Trojan chief, son of Venus and Anchises, and hero of the Aeneid, 1.92. 2. Aenēās Silvius, one of the Alban kings, 6.769.

    genetrīx, īcis, f.: she who brings forth; mother, 1.590, et al. (gignō)

    ōcior, ius: adj. comp. (superl., ōcissimus, a, um), swifter, more fleet, 5.319, et al.; (adv.), ōcius, more swiftly; rapidly, speedily, quickly, swiftly, 12.681.

    subitus, a, um: having come up suddenly; unexpected, sudden, 2.692; suddenly, 3.225. (subeō)

    clādēs, is, f.: destruction; slaughter, carnage, 2.361; scourge, destroyers, 6.843.

    Latīnī, ōrum, m.: the people of Latium; the Latins, 12.823, et al.

    vestīgō, 1, a.: to track; trace, explore, search; seek out, hunt, 12.467; 6.145; descry, 12.588.

    dīvertō, vertī, versus, 3, n.: to turn one’s self, turn or go apart.

    Turnus, ī, m.: the chief of the Rutulians, 7.56, et al.

    circumferō, tulī, lātus, ferre, irreg. a.: to bear round; pass around, sprinkle, purify by sprinkling, 6.229; cast about, 12.558.

    immūnis, e: (adj.), free from service; w. gen., exempt, freed from, 12.559.

    impūne: (adv.), without punishment or retribution; with impunity, 3.628; without harm, 12.559. (impūnis, unpunished)

    quiēscō, quiēvī, quiētus, 3, n.: to rest, 7.6; repose, rest in death, 1.249; be hushed, still, quiet, 4.523; cease from action, 5.784; lie, 10.836; p., quiētus, a, um, at rest, quiet, 5.848; still, calm, tranquil, 5.216; peaceful, in repose, 4.379; gentle, friendly, 1.303. (quiēs)

    continuō: (adv.), immediately, straightway. (continuus)

    accendō, ī, cēnsus, 3, a.: to set fire to, light up, enkindle, 5.4; enrage, exasperate, incense, 1.29; incite, rouse, 4.232. (ad and candō, rel. to candeō)

    Mnestheus, and Menestheus, eī and eos, m.: Mnestheus, one of the Trojan chiefs under Aeneas, 5.117; 10.129, et al.

    Sergestus, ī, m.: commander of one of the ships of Aeneas, 1.510, et al.

    Serestus, ī, m.: a companion of Aeneas, 1.611, et al.

    ductor, ōris, m.: a leader, 1.189; captain, commander, 5.133; prince, king, 9.691. (dūcō)

    tumulus, ī, m.: a rising ground; a low hill, 9.195; a mound, 2.713; sepulchral mound, sepulcher, tomb, 3.304; 11.103. (tumeō)

    Teucrī, ōrum, m.: the Trojans, descendants of Teucer, 1.38, et al.; adj., Teucrian, Trojan, 9.779, et al. (Teucer)

    concurrō, currī (rarely cucurrī), cursus, 3, n.: to run together or at once; crowd around, 12.297; rush, 2.315; rush to conflict, 7.224; rush against a foe; (with dat.), engage, encounter, 1.493.

    nec or neque: (adv. and conj.), and not; neither, nor, 1.643, et al.; in prohibition, 3.394, et al.; neque (nec) — neque (nec), neither — nor, 5.21, et al.; nec — et, or -que, may be rendered neither — nor, 12.801; 2.534; nec nōn, and also, nor less, 6.183; nec nōn et, and also, 1.707.

    scūtum, ī, n.: an oblong shield carried by the Roman legionary; a shield in general, 1.101, et al. (σκύτος, hide)

    spīculum, ī, n.: a sharp point; (meton.), an arrow, a dart, javelin, spear, 5.307.

    dēnsus, a, um: (adj.), thick, dense, crowded, compact, in close array, serried, 2.383; frequent, 5.459.

    dēpōnō, posuī, positus, 3, a.: to put down or aside; recline, 7.108; put off, from, put on shore, 5.751; lay down, lay, 6.632; lay aside, dismiss, banish, 2.76; (pass., of sickness), to be laid down, dying, despaired of, 12.395.

    celsus, a, um: adj. (cellō, rise), high, lofty, 1.56, et al.

    agger, eris, m.: materials gathered to form an elevation; a heap of earth or stones, dike, embankment, bank, 1.112; 2.496; heap of earth, 9.567; top, summit, ridge, raised surface, 5.44, 273; a rampart, 9.769, et al.; a height or rising ground, 12.446; aggerēs, mountains, mountain ramparts, 6.830. (aggerō)

    quis, qua or quae, quid or quod: (indef. pron., adj., and subst.), any, some, 2.94, et al.; some one, any one, any body, anything, something, 1.413, et al.; sī quis, nē quis, etc., if any, lest any, etc., freq.; (adv.), quid, as to anything, in anything, at all, freq.; sī quid, if at all, freq.

    dictum, ī, n.: a thing said; word, 1.197; command, precept, injunction, 1.695; promise, 8.643. (dīcō)

    Iuppiter, Iovis, m.: Jupiter, son of Saturn and Rhea, and king of the gods, 1.223; Iuppiter Stygius, Pluto, 4.638.

    hāc: (adv.), by this way or route, 8.203; this way, here, 1.467; on one side, 12.565.

    nēve or neu: (conj.), or not, and not, nor, neither, w. subj. or imperat., 7.202; ne — neu (nēve), that not — nor, lest — or lest, 2.188.

    inceptum, ī, n.: a beginning; deliberation, 11.469; undertaking, design, purpose, 1.37; measure, movement, 12.566. (incipiō)

    sēgnis, e: (adj.), tardy, sluggish, dilatory, backward, 11.736; slothful, inactive, 3.513; mean-spirited, cowardly, 9.787; helpless, 10.700; (fig.), idle, exhausted; comp., sēgnior, less glorious, less divine, 4.149; less rapid, 7.383.

    Latīnus, ī, m.: Latinus, a king of Latium, whose capital was Laurentum, and whose daughter, Lavinia, became the wife of Aeneas, 6.891, et al. (Latium)

    frēnum, ī, n.; in the pl. sometimes frēnī, ōrum: a bit, 4.135; bridle, reins, 3.542; (fig.), 6.100.

    ēruō, ī, tus, 3, a.: to cast out or up; to overthrow, 2.5.

    solum, ī, n.: the bottom or ground of anything; soil, earth, ground, 1.367, et al.; land, 3.698; foundation, 10.102; the water beneath a ship, as its support; the water, sea, 5.199; support, table, 7.111.

    fūmō, āvī, ātus, 1, n.: to smoke, 3.3, et al.; send up vapor; fume, reek, 2.698; foam, 12.338. (fūmus)

    culmen, inis, n.: a top, summit, height, 2.290; house top, ridge, roof, 2.458. (cf. columna)

    ō: (interj. expressing joy, grief, astonishment, desire, or indignation), O! oh! ah! w. voc., 2.281, et al.; w. sī and the subj., oh that, 11.415; sometimes placed after the word to which it relates, 2.281.

    summa, ae, f.: the chief thing; chief point, 12.572; the sum and substance; all, the whole, 4.237; summa bellī, the command or direction of the war, 10.70. (f. of summus, sc. rēs)

    nefandus, a, um: adj. (nē and farī), not to be spoken; impious, execrable, accursed, abominable, 5.785; perfidious, 4.497; subst., nefandum, ī, n., wrong, 1.543.

    properē: (adv.), hastily, in haste, speedily, 6.236.

    foedus, eris, n.: a treaty, league, alliance, freq., truce, 5.496; side or party, 12.658; covenant, contract, 4.339; laws of hospitality, hospitality, 10.91; pledge, love, 4.520; law, term, condition, rule, 1.62. (rel. to fīdō, trust)

    reposcō, 3, a.: to demand back, demand again; require, 11.240; demand in return, 2.139; ask, 6.530; summon, 10.374; reassert, 12.573; w. two accusatives, demand back from, 7.606.

    pariter: (adv.), equally, 2.729; also, in like manner, in the same manner, on equal terms, 1.572; side by side, 2.205; at the same time, 10.865; pariter — pariter, 8.545. (pār)

    cuneus, ī, m.: a wedge, 6.181; a wedge-shaped battalion; battalion, 12.269; dare cuneōs, to form battalions, 12.575; pl., cuneī, ōrum, the seats of the theater; an assembly, 5.664.

    mōlēs, is, f.: a cumbrous mass; a heavy pile or fabric; mound, rampart, 9.35; dike, 2.497; a mass of buildings, vast buildings, 1.421; structure, 11.130; frame or figure, 2.32; bulk, 5.118; weight, 7.589; pile, mass, 1.61; gigantic frame, 5.431; warlike engine, siege tower, 5.439; array, pomp, train, 12.161; body of soldiers, phalanx, 12.575; heavy storm, tempest, 5.790; toil, work, labor, 1.33.

    scālae, ārum, f.: a ladder; scaling ladder, 2.442. (scandō)

    imprōvīsō: (adv.), unexpectedly, 8.524.

    discurrō, cucurrī, or currī, cursus, 3, n.: to run apart; to ride in different directions, 5.580; to move in patrols, or hurry to and fro as patrols, 9.164; (impers.), discurritur, they hurry in different directions, 11.468.

    trucīdō, āvī, ātus, 1, a.: to slaughter, kill, slay, 2.494. (trux and caedō)

    torqueō, torsī, tortus, 2, a.: to wind, turn, twist, 4.575; roll along, 6.551; whirl, hurl, 3.208; shoot, 5.497; cast, dash, 1.108; direct, 4.220; turn away, 6.547; turn, cause to revolve, 4.269; control, 12.180; p., tortus, a, um, whirled, whirling, impetuous, 7.567.

    obumbrō, āvī, ātus, 1, a.: to overshadow; darken, 12.578; screen, protect, shield, 11.223.

    incūsō, āvī, ātus, 1, a.: to bring a cause or case against any one; to accuse, reproach, blame, 2.745; without object, upbraid, complain, 1.410. (1. in and causa)

    testor, ātus sum, 1, dep. a.: to testify, bear witness to, with acc. of object witnessed, 3.487; to call to witness, appeal to, with acc. of witness called upon, 2.155; invoke, 12.496; w. object omitted, adjure, implore, 3.599; declare, proclaim, 6.619; beseech (call to witness the offering), 11.559. (testis)

    bis: (adv.), twice, 1.381. (in composition bi-)

    Italī, ōrum, m.: the Italians, 1.109. (Ītalia)

    exorior, ortus sum, 4, dep. n.: to rise up; come forth, appear, rise, 4.130; arise, 3.128; spring up, arise, 4.625.

    trepidus, a, um: (adj.), agitated, uneasy, disturbed, trembling, affrighted, 2.380; excited, tumultuous, 11.300; confused, in disorder, 10.283; alarmed, fearful of, anxious for, w. gen., 12.589; panic-stricken, 12.583.

    discordia, ae, f.: difference in feeling, or mind; dissension, strife; personified, Discord or Eris, 6.280. (discors)

    reserō, āvī, ātus, 1, a.: unbolt; open, 7.613.

    iubeō, iussī (fut. perf. iussō for iusserō, 11.467), iussus, 2, a.: to order, request, usually w. inf., freq.; bid, 2.3; ask, invite, 1.708; will, wish, desire, 3.261; direct, enjoin, admonish, 3.697; persuade, advise, 2.37; to clear by command, 10.444; w. subj., 10.53.

    pandō, pandī, passus or pānsus, 3, a.: to spread out or open, 7.641; unfurl, 3.520; extend, expose, 6.740; break through, open, 2.234; unbind, dishevel, 1.480; (fig.), disclose, declare, explain, reveal, 3.179.

    Dardanidēs, ae, m.: a son or descendant of Dardanus; Aeneas, 10.545; pl., Dardanidae, ārum (um), the Trojans, 1.560, et al.; adj., Dardanian, Trojan, 2.59.

    inclūdō, clūsī, clūsus, 3, a.: to shut in, inclose, 6.680; secrete, 2.19; for interclūdō, stop, choke, 7.534; to mount, set, inlay, adorn, 12.211. (1. in and claudō)

    latebrōsus, a, um: adj. (latebra), full of lurking places or recesses; full of holes; porous, 5.214; secret, 8.713.

    pūmex, icis, m.: pumice stone; rock abounding in crevices; pumice stone, porous, hollow rock, 5.214.

    pāstor, ōris, m.: one who feeds; herdsman, shepherd, 2.58. (pāscō)

    apis (-ēs), is, f.: a bee, 1.430, et al.

    fūmus, ī, m.: smoke, 2.609, et al.

    amārus, a, um: (adj.), bitter, brackish, salt, briny; (fig.), bitter, 4.203; biting, 11.337; cruel, 10.900.

    intus: (adv.), within, 1.294, et al. (in)

    cēreus, a, um: adj. (cēra), waxen, 12.589.

    acuō, uī, ūtus, 3, a.: to make pointed; to sharpen, whet, 8.386; (fig.), stimulate, provoke, 7.330; incite, rouse.

    strīdor, ōris, m.: a harsh, grating, or whizzing sound; a creaking, whistling, 1.87; din, clank, rattling, 6.558; humming, 7.65. (strīdō)

    volvō, volvī, volūtus, 3, a.: to roll, 1.86; roll along or down, 1.101; roll or cast up, 3.206; toss, hurl, 12.906; roll over, roll in the dust, 12.329; cast, hurl down, 1.116; 9.512; roll, wheel, 1.163; of books, open, unroll, 1.262; of the Fates, fix the circle of events, decree, ordain, dispose, 1.22; 3.376; of the mind, revolve, meditate, reflect upon, 1.305; pass, continue, live through, experience, endure, suffer, 1.9; rotam volvere, to complete a cycle, period; (pass.), volvī, roll over, roll, 10.590; turn or wind about, 7.350; to be shed, to flow, 4.449; roll on, revolve, 1.269.

    āter, tra, trum: (adj.), black; dark, gloomy, 1.60, et al.; smoky, lurid, 7.456; 4.384; clotted, dark, 3.622; soiled, blackened, 2.272; (fig.), sad, fatal, 6.429; venomous, deadly; of the odor of smoke, 12.591.

    odor, ōris, m.: scent, smell, odor, fragrance, 1.403; disagreeable odor, stench, 3.228; foul fumes, 12.591.

    murmur, uris, n.: a murmur, 6.709; uproar, 1.124; roaring, reverberation, 1.55; acclamation, applause, 5.369; thunder, 4.160.

    article Nav

    Suggested Citation

    Christopher Francese and Meghan Reedy, Vergil: Aeneid Selections. Carlisle, Pennsylvania: Dickinson College Commentaries, 2016. ISBN: 978-1-947822-08-5. https://dcc.dickinson.edu/zh-hans/vergil-aeneid/vergil-aeneid-xii-554-592