Murranum hic, atauos et auorum antiqua sonantem

nomina per regesque actum genus omne Latinos,530

praecipitem scopulo atque ingentis turbine saxi

excutit effunditque solo; hunc lora et iuga subter

prouoluere rotae, crebro super ungula pulsu

incita nec domini memorum proculcat equorum.

ille ruenti Hyllo animisque immane frementi535

occurrit telumque aurata ad tempora torquet:

olli per galeam fixo stetit hasta cerebro.

dextera nec tua te, Graium fortissime Cretheu,

eripuit Turno, nec di texere Cupencum

Aenea ueniente sui: dedit obuia ferro540

pectora, nec misero clipei mora profuit aerei.

te quoque Laurentes uiderunt, Aeole, campi

oppetere et late terram consternere tergo.

occidis, Argiuae quem non potuere phalanges

sternere nec Priami regnorum euersor Achilles;545

hic tibi mortis erant metae, domus alta sub Ida,

Lyrnesi domus alta, solo Laurente sepulcrum.

totae adeo conuersae acies omnesque Latini,

omnes Dardanidae, Mnestheus acerque Serestus

et Messapus equum domitor et fortis Asilas550

Tuscorumque phalanx Euandrique Arcades alae,

pro se quisque uiri summa nituntur opum ui;

nec mora nec requies, uasto certamine tendunt.

    CORE VOCABULARY

    Murrānus, ī, m.: a Latin slain by Aeneas, 12.529.

    atavus, ī, m.: a great-great-great-grandfather, or forefather of the fifth previous generation; forefather, 7.474.

    avus, ī, m.: a grandfather, grandsire, 2.457; sire, father, ancestor, 6.840.

    Latīnus, a, um: adj. (Latium), of Latium; Latin, 1.6, et al.; Latīna, ae, f., a Latin woman, 12.604.

    praeceps, cipitis: adj. (prae and caput), head foremost; headlong, 2.307; deep, 11.888; hurried, hasty, quick, speedy, 4.573; flying, running swiftly, 2.516; 3.598; rash, impetuous, fiery, 9.685; prolept., ready to sink, 10.232; subst., praeceps, n., a steep, precipice, verge, 2.460; in praeceps, headlong; downwards, 6.578.

    scopulus, ī, m.: a projecting ledge of rock; a high cliff or rock, 1.180; crag, 1.45; ledge, reef, 1.145; detached rock, fragment of rock, 12.531.

    turbō, inis, m.: a tornado, whirlwind; storm, tempest, 1.442; whirling cloud, 3.573; wind accompanying the lightning; lightning-blast, 1.45; 6.594; whirling or stormy force, 11.284, et al.; a whirling top, a child's top, 7.378. (cf. turba)

    excutiō, cussī, cussus, 3, a.: to shake out or off, 2.224; throw or cast down, 1.115; cast out, 10.590; drive away, 3.200; expel, 7.299; shake out, uncoil, 3.267; uncoil and arrange (set the sails), 3.683; deprive of, 6.353; throw aside, break, 12.158; hurry forth, call forth, 9.68. (ex and quatiō)

    effundō, fūdī, fūsus, 3, a.: to pour out or forth; shed, 2.271; throw, cast out, 7.780; cast, 6.339; overthrow, 11.485; bring out, 9.68; unbind, dishevel, 4.509; dissolve, 2.651; let loose, throw out, 5.818; spend, lose, waste, 5.446; of words, utter, 5.780; (pass.), effundī, dart, 5.145; flow, 6.686. (ex and fundō)

    solum, ī, n.: the bottom or ground of anything; soil, earth, ground, 1.367, et al.; land, 3.698; foundation, 10.102; the water beneath a ship, as its support; the water, sea, 5.199; support, table, 7.111.

    lōrum, ī, n.: a leather strap or thong, 2.273; pl., lōra, ōrum, reins, 1.156, et al.; harness, 9.318.

    subter: (prep. w. acc. and abl.), below, beneath, under, 3.695; beneath, 4.182. (sub)

    prōvolvō, volvī, volūtus, 3, a.: to roll forward or along, 10.556; roll, whirl over or along, 12.533.

    rota, ae, f.: a wheel, 1.147; (fig.), circle or orbit of time, 6.748.

    crēber, bra, brum: (adj.), repeated, frequent, 2.731; coming thick and fast, 11.611; blowing fresh; fresh, 5.764; abounding in, full of, 1.85.

    ungula, ae, f.: a hoof, 8.596. (unguis)

    pulsus, ūs, m.: a striking or beating; tramp, reverberation, 6.591. (pellō)

    incitus, a, um: (adj.), rapid, swift, 12.534.

    nec or neque: (adv. and conj.), and not; neither, nor, 1.643, et al.; in prohibition, 3.394, et al.; neque (nec) — neque (nec), neither — nor, 5.21, et al.; nec — et, or -que, may be rendered neither — nor, 12.801; 2.534; nec nōn, and also, nor less, 6.183; nec nōn et, and also, 1.707.

    memor, oris: adj. (rel. to mēns and meminī), mindful, remembering, 1.23; heedful, 480; thankful, grateful, 4.539; not forgetting; relentless, 1.4; with nōn or nec, unmindful, regardless, 12.534.

    prōculcō, āvī, ātus, 1, a.: to tread down, trample upon, 12.534. (prō and calcō)

    ruō, ruī, rutus, 3, n. and a.: to fall with violence; tumble down, fall, freq.; fall in battle, 10.756; of the sun, go down, set, 3.508; rush forward, 2.64; of the chariot of Nox, hasten up; ascend, rise, 2.250; advance, 10.256; plunge, rush, 2.353; flee, 12.505; tremble, quake, 8.525; hasten, pass away, 6.539; cause to fall; cast down, 9.516; plow, 1.35; cast, throw up, 1.85; throw up or together, 11.211.

    Hyllus, ī, m.: a Trojan warrior, 12.535.

    immāne: (adv.), wildly, fiercely, 12.535.

    fremō, uī, itus, 3, n. and a.: to make a murmuring noise; to roar, 1.56; whinny, neigh, 12.82; raise lamentations, 6.175; whiz, 12.922; resound, 4.668; rage, 5.19; to be fierce, furious, 4.229; fume, rave, 12.535; shout and sing, 4.146; a., rage, rave for, clamor for, 11.453, et al.; ore fremere, applaud, shout applause, 5.385; p., fremēns, entis, raging, 4.229.

    aurātus, a, um: adj. (aurum), gilded, golden, of gold, 12.163; embroidered with gold, 5.250.

    tempus, oris, n.: 1. Time in general, a period, time, 1.278; interval or space of time, 4.433; crisis, circumstance, juncture, 7.37; season, fitting time, opportunity, proper moment, 4.294; ex longō (tempore), in or for a long time, 9.64. 2. The temple of the forehead, 9.418; commonly pl., 2.684; of animals, 12.173.

    torqueō, torsī, tortus, 2, a.: to wind, turn, twist, 4.575; roll along, 6.551; whirl, hurl, 3.208; shoot, 5.497; cast, dash, 1.108; direct, 4.220; turn away, 6.547; turn, cause to revolve, 4.269; control, 12.180; p., tortus, a, um, whirled, whirling, impetuous, 7.567.

    galea, ae, f.: a helmet, either of leather or of metal, 3.468, et al.

    fīgō, fīxī, fīxus, 3, a.: to fix or fasten; freq., the object in or on which, in the abl., 1.212; abl. w. prep., 6.636; acc. w. prep., 9.408; fasten up, suspend from, 3.287; hang up, 1.248; set up, establish, make, 6.622; transfix, pierce, 5.516; hurl (fix by hurling), 10.883; wound, 10.343; inscribe, 11.84.

    hasta, ae, f.: a spear, 2.50, and freq.; hasta pūra, a headless spear, 6.760; pampinea hasta, a thyrsus, 7.396.

    cerebrum, ī, n.: the brain, 5.413, et al.

    Grāī (Grāiī) (dissyll.), ōrum, m.: the Greeks, 1.467, et al.

    Crētheus (dissyll.), eī, m.: 1. A Trojan warrior, 9.774. 2. A Greek ally of Aeneas, 2.538.

    Turnus, ī, m.: the chief of the Rutulians, 7.56, et al.

    Cupencus, ī, m.: a Rutulian, 12.539.

    Aenēās, ae, m.: 1. A Trojan chief, son of Venus and Anchises, and hero of the Aeneid, 1.92. 2. Aenēās Silvius, one of the Alban kings, 6.769.

    veniō, vēnī, ventus: to come, freq.; come forth; approach, 6.755; rise, appear, 1.353; dawn, 10.241; to present one's self or itself, 5.344; descend, spring from, 5.373; impers., ventum est, we, they came or have come, 4.151.

    obvius, a, um: adj. (ob and via), in the way; presenting one's self or itself; meeting, 1.314; against, 6.880; opposing, 9.56; in the way of; exposed to, 3.499; obvius fierī, to encounter, meet, 10.380.

    clipeus, ī, m., and clipeum, ī, n.: a round shield; a shield, 2.227, et al.

    prōsum, prōfuī, prōdesse, irreg. n.: to be advantageous, useful, profitable; to benefit, profit, avail, 5.684.

    Laurēns, entis: adj. (Laurentum), of Laurentum, the ancient capital of Latium; Laurentine, Laurentian, 5.797, et al., subst., Laurentēs, um, pl. m., the Laurentians, 7.63, et al.

    Aeolus, ī, m.: Aeolus. 1. The god who ruled over the winds, 1.52. 2. A follower of Aeneas from Lyrnesus, 12.542.

    oppetō, petīvī or petiī, petītus, 3, a.: to encounter; with or without mortem, to die, fall, perish, 1.96. (ob and petō)

    lātē: (adv.), widely; far and wide, 1.21; on all sides, far around, 1.163; all over, 12.308. (lātus)

    cōnsternō, strāvī, strātus, 3, a.: to strew over; cover, strew, 4.444.

    occidō, cidī, cāsus, 3, n.: to go down; set; fall, perish, 2.581; die. (ob and cadō)

    Argīvus, a, um: adj. (Argos), belonging to Argos; Argive; Greek, 2.254; subst., Argīvī, ōrum, Argives, Greeks, 1.40.

    possum, potuī, posse, irreg. n.: to be able; can, 1.242, et al.; to avail, have influence, power, 4.382. (potis and sum)

    phalanx, ngis, f.: a body of troops in compact array; a battalion, army, host, 6.489; of a fleet, 2.254.

    sternō, strāvī, strātus, 3, a.: to spread out, spread, 1.700; stretch on the ground, strike down, slay, 1.190; cast down, prostrate, devastate, 2.306; make level, smooth, calm, 5.763; spread, cover, 8.719; strew, litter; overthrow, conquer, 6.858; pass. (in middle sense), sternor, ī, to stretch one's self, lie down, 3.509.

    Priamus, ī, m.: 1. Priam, son of Laomedon, king of Troy, 1.458, et al. 2. A Trojan youth, son of Polites and grandson of King Priam, 5.564.

    ēversor, ōris, m.: an over-thrower, destroyer, 12.545. (ēvertō)

    Achillēs, is (eos or ī), m.: the son of Peleus, king of Thessaly, and Thetis, daughter of Nereus, 1.468, et al.

    mēta, ae, f.: a meta; one of the cone-shaped pillars, three of which terminated each end of the spina in the Roman circus, and marked the turning point of the course; a turning point, goal, 5.129; (fig.), limit, extremity, end, bound, 1.278; 8.594; meridian, zenith, 5.835; mētae mortis, the bounds of death; i.e., fixed by death, 12.546. (mētior)

    Īda, ae, f.: 1. Mount Ida in Crete, where Jupiter was reared, 12.412. 2. A mountain in the Troad, where Ganymede was caught up by the eagle of Jupiter, 2.801. 3. A Nymph, 9.177.

    Lyrnēsus, ī, f.: Lyrnesus or Lyrnessus, a town in the Troad, 12.547.

    Latīnī, ōrum, m.: the people of Latium; the Latins, 12.823, et al.

    Dardanidēs, ae, m.: a son or descendant of Dardanus; Aeneas, 10.545; pl., Dardanidae, ārum (um), the Trojans, 1.560, et al.; adj., Dardanian, Trojan, 2.59.

    Mnestheus, and Menestheus, eī and eos, m.: Mnestheus, one of the Trojan chiefs under Aeneas, 5.117; 10.129, et al.

    Serestus, ī, m.: a companion of Aeneas, 1.611, et al.

    Messāpus, ī, m.: a Latin chief, allied with Turnus, 7.691, et al.

    domitor, ōris, m.: a tamer, 7.189; ruler, sovereign, 5.799. (domō)

    Asīlās, ae, m.: 1. A Trojan warrior, 9.571. 2. An Etruscan chief and soothsayer, 10.175.

    Tuscī, ōrum, m.: the people of Etruria; Etruscans, Etrurians, Tuscans, 11.629, et al.

    Euander (-drus, 8.100; Ēvander, -drus), drī, m.: Evander, an Arcadian prince, son of Carmentis, and king of Pallanteum on the Tiber, 8.52.

    Arcas, adis, m.: an Arcadian, 10.452;(adj.), 11.835.

    āla, ae, f.: a wing, 1.301; the feather of an arrow, 9.578; the wing of an army; cavalry, 11.730; troop, battalion, 11.604; horsemen, mounted huntsmen, 4.121.

    nītor, nīsus or nīxus sum, 3, dep. n.: to lean or rest upon, w. abl., 6.760; tread, walk upon, 2.380; to be borne upon, poised or balanced upon, 4.252; push, press, struggle forward or upward; ascend, 2.443.

    requiēs, ētis or ēī, f.: repose, rest, 3.393; respite, 4.433; support, comfort, 9.482; cessation, 12.241.

    vāstus, a, um: (adj.), empty, void, wild, waste, 9.323; vast, unbounded, 1.118; huge, enormous, immense, 3.647; deep-, vast-, sounding, 1.245.

    certāmen, inis, n.: a striving, a struggle; effort, 5.197; combat, emulation, strife, 3.128; battle, war, 8.639; contest, game, 5.286. (certō)

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    Suggested Citation

    Christopher Francese and Meghan Reedy, Vergil: Aeneid Selections. Carlisle, Pennsylvania: Dickinson College Commentaries, 2016. ISBN: 978-1-947822-08-5. https://dcc.dickinson.edu/zh-hans/vergil-aeneid/vergil-aeneid-xii-529-553